by Kai Bird
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 228, 282, 287, 292, 295, 296, 397
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), 67, 432
Investor Pays, The (Lowenthal), 65
Iran, 17, 605–6
Iranian hostage crisis, 641, 655
Iraq, 444–45
IRBMs (intermediate-range ballistic missiles), 466, 467
Irons, Peter, 170
Irwin, John N., II, 629
Israel, 446, 449–50, 451–52, 479, 567, 568, 604, 606–9, 615, 633–35
Italy, 254–55, 259, 302
Izvestia, 469, 531
Jackson, Baxter, 285
Jackson, Bill, 630
Jackson, C. D., 109, 387, 411, 413, 414, 416, 419, 433–35, 470, 472, 473, 474, 483, 484–85, 557, 558
Jackson, Robert, 126–28
Jacobsson, Per, 252
Jamieson, Ken, 625, 627
Japan, Imperial:
Soviet declaration of war against, 246, 251, 252, 260
surrender of, 242–54, 257–58, 259–61, 263, 264
see also Hirohito, Emperor of Japan; Hiroshima bombing
Japan, Occupied, 266–68
Japanese American Citizens League (JACL), 157–58, 167
Japanese-Americans, 147–74
in concentration camps, 147, 152, 157, 158–59, 161, 162, 165, 171
constitutional rights for, 147, 149–50, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 159–60, 161–62, 166–73, 175
detention of, 142–43, 156
disloyal vs. loyal, 150–51, 157–58, 159, 168, 170–71, 173
as foreign agents, 136–38, 147, 150
in Hawaii, 136–37, 159
internment of, 147–74, 228, 548
legal process for, 166–73
McCloy’s policies on, 148, 149–63, 165–69, 173–74, 176, 302, 659, 660, 662
mass evacuation of, 148–54, 156–61, 172–73
in military units, 168–69
military zones closed to, 150–51, 152, 153–54, 157, 171
national security and, 154, 161, 167
property of, 156–57
questionnaire for, 168–69, 170
sabotage and, 152–53, 154, 155, 172
writ of habeas corpus for, 166–67
Javits, Jacob, 365, 468
Jay, Delancey K., 42
Jay, John, 34, 42
Jewish Claims Conference, 480, 482
Jewish War Veterans of America, 333
Jews:
Final Solution and, 201, 204, 209, 215, 218
McCloy’s views on, 206–7, 210, 222–23
in “Our Crowd,” 60, 102
Vichy decrees on, 181, 182
West Germany and, 314–15, 328, 334–35, 337, 382–83, 479–82
see also Holocaust
Johnson, George, 30
Johnson, Joseph, 472
Johnson, Lyndon B., 409, 547–609
domestic programs of, 569, 571
foreign policy of, 569, 570, 582
Kennedy’s assassination and, 544, 547, 548, 549, 554, 566
McCloy’s relationship with, 544, 550, 563, 567, 568, 569, 570–71
Middle East policy of, 604–9
presidential campaign of, 542, 562–64, 567, 568
Vietnam policy of, 568, 569–85, 593–604, 609, 620
Warren Commission authorized by, 548, 549, 550, 554–55
Johnson, U. Alexis, 626
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 193, 204, 244, 246, 247, 251–52, 525, 595
Joint Intelligence Committee, 242
Jones, Robert Tyre, 429
Jones, W. Alton, 103, 429, 486
Jordan, Hamilton, 645, 651
Josselson, Michael, 357
Jungers, Frank, 633, 635
Justice Department, U.S.:
banking probe of, 400–401
Japanese-American internment and, 148, 149, 153, 156, 172, 173
oil company consortium allowed by, 627–29, 630–31, 634
sabotage prosecuted by, 164–65, 169
Kaghan, Theodore, 406, 407
Kahn, Herman, 599
Kahn, Otto H., 60, 70, 71, 72, 105
Kaiser, Jacob, 380
Karski, Jan, 205–6, 207
Kase, Shunichi, 242
Kean, Benjamin, 644
Keating, Kenneth, 523
Kennan, George, 260, 290, 293, 296–97, 302, 308, 310, 311, 340, 376, 381, 423, 478, 487, 499, 512, 573, 584
Kennedy, Caroline, 496
Kennedy, John F., 495–544
arms control policies of, 490–91, 498–99, 500, 503, 506–7, 508, 514
assassination of, 544, 547–50, 552, 553–62, 564–66
autopsy report on, 557–59
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 504–5
Cabinet of, 495–98, 499
Castro opposed by, 555–56
in Cuban Missile crisis, 522–39
foreign policy of, 504–5
Khrushchev’s relationship with, 509, 530–31
McCloy’s relationship with, 18, 490, 491, 497–99, 540, 541, 543–44, 662
presidential campaign of, 487, 490–91
Vietnam policy of, 542, 599
West Berlin visited by, 541–42
Kennedy, Joseph P., 496
Kennedy, Robert F., 517, 522, 527, 530, 531, 538, 601
Keynes, John Maynard, 287
KGB, 556, 560–61, 565
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 643, 652, 653
Khrushchev, Nikita, 447, 469, 473, 478, 485–87, 499, 548, 567
arms control policies of, 502, 506, 510, 543
in Cuban Missile crisis, 522, 523, 526, 528, 529, 530–32, 533, 535, 537
Eisenhower’s relationship with, 467, 470–71, 476, 487–91
foreign policy of, 505, 507, 509, 510, 511, 516, 522, 587
Kennedy’s relationship with, 509, 530–31
McCloy’s meeting with, 508–11
Kido, Saburo, 157
Kiesinger, Kurt, 590–91
King, Ernest J., 178, 179
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 542
Kirk, Alexander C., 191
Kirk, Grayson, 458
Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 302
Kissinger, Henry, 458, 461–65, 478, 515, 585, 623, 634, 635
McCloy’s relationship with, 16, 17, 383–84, 563, 613, 614, 615–17, 622, 624, 658
Nixon’s relationship with, 613, 614
shah of Iran supported by, 644–46, 649, 650, 651–52, 653
Vietnam War as viewed by, 617–18
Kistiakowsky, George B., 576
Kitchel, William Lloyd, 58, 71
Klarsfeld, Bette, 346–47
Klein, David, 624
Knox, Frank, 129, 140, 147
Koenig, Paul, 81
Koestler, Arthur, 357, 358
Kook, Hillel, see Bergson, Peter
Kopper, Samuel, 441, 442, 443
Korean War, 338, 339, 341, 343, 352n, 357, 358, 360, 363, 368, 396, 409, 462, 572, 577, 579, 582
Korematsu, Fred T., 166–67, 170, 172, 173
Kraft, Joseph, 460
Kristoff, Michael, 84
Krock, Arthur, 125, 176, 226, 435, 572, 575
Krupp, Alfried, 359–62, 363, 364, 365–67, 368, 372, 374, 479–82, 660, 662
Krupp, Gustav, 359, 365, 366
Krupp Treaty, 480–81
Kubowitzki, A. Leon, 206, 214, 218
Kuhn, Loeb & Co., 15, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 97, 104–5
Kuznetsov, Vasily, 522, 523, 533, 534–39, 540
La Guardia, Fiorello H., 129
Lamont, Thomas, 70, 110, 399, 585
Landon, Alfred, 102–3
Lane, Mark, 562
Langdell, Christopher Columbus, 48
Larkin, James, 87–88, 93, 95
Larson, Arthur, 576, 577
Lasky, Melvin, 357, 358, 462
Latin America, development loans to, 297–300, 306–7
law, international, 93–94, 258, 278, 365, 502, 515–16, 656
Lawrence,
Ernest O., 243n
League of Nations, 18, 63, 80
League of Young Germans, 356
Leahy, William D., 245–46, 247
Leffingwell, Russell C., 108, 283
LeMay, Curtis, 524
Lemnitzer, Lyman L., 462, 507
lend-lease, 123–24, 133, 136, 140
Lenglen, Suzanne, 52
Lerner, Max, 439
“Lesson of the World Bank, The,” (McCloy), 306–7
Levi, Primo, 214
Lewis, Fulton, Jr., 423, 447, 448
“Liberalism of Herbert Hoover, The” (MacLeish), 54
Libya, 624–27, 628, 630
Lightner, E. Allan, Jr., 351
Lilienthal, David, 276, 277–82
Lincoln, Abraham, 195, 549
Lindbergh, Charles, 109
Lindsay, Franklin, 355
Linen, James, 605
Lippmann, Walter, 88, 98, 125, 134, 135, 152, 180–81, 206, 207, 310, 313, 405, 531, 587, 603
List, Eugene, 254
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 419–20, 451, 570, 573, 597–98, 599
Logan, Francis D., 654
London Policy Group, 629–30, 634
London Times, 319, 324, 449, 469, 592, 638
Long, Breckinridge, 203, 206, 222
Long, Huey, 396
Lord, Winston, 621 Los Angeles Times, 142, 143
Loudon, John, 517
Lovett, Robert Abercrombie, 106, 293, 423, 477, 490, 563, 587
as assistant to Stimson, 121, 125, 126, 132, 141, 143, 185, 264, 418
disarmament as viewed by, 468, 469, 470, 471
Kennedy’s relationship with, 495–97, 499, 504, 505, 527
McCloy’s relationship with, 68, 105
Vietnam War as viewed by, 577–78, 582–83, 598, 602
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 50
Lowenthal, Max, 65, 104, 105
Luce, Clare Booth, 434, 465
Luce, Henry, 73, 109, 136, 411, 434, 443–44, 474
McAdoo, Francis, 107
MacArthur, Douglas, 52, 141, 146, 189, 260, 264, 266–68, 343, 363
MacArthur, Douglas, II, 629
McCarthy, Eugene, 601
McCarthy, Joseph, 392, 408–9, 412, 415, 416–18, 420–21, 435
McCarthyism, 392, 403–22, 433, 448, 571
European views on, 410, 414–15, 472
McCloy’s opposition to, 393, 403–22, 426, 446, 596–97
McClain, Chester, 69, 73, 99, 282–83, 317, 331
McClelland, Roswell, 212, 213, 214
McCloy, Amelia Conrad (grandmother), 24–25
McCloy, Anna Snader (mother), 25, 26, 35, 50, 51, 54, 57, 58, 233, 312
as hairdresser, 19, 28, 29–30, 60
McCloy’s relationship with, 19, 27–31, 53, 75, 469–70
McCloy, Edward T. (cousin), 27
McCloy, Ellen (daughter), 132, 315, 316, 385, 504, 508, 510, 543, 657, 661
McCloy, Ellen Zinsser (wife), 97, 99, 111, 122, 125, 146, 182, 228, 235, 248, 253, 254, 255, 262, 272, 320, 392, 478, 503–4, 508, 509, 529, 535, 556
illness and death of, 657, 660, 661
McCloy’s first meeting with, 74
McCloy’s marriage to, 75–76, 77, 83, 86, 132–33
in Nazi Germany, 89, 90, 316
pregnancies of, 77, 92
in West Germany, 311, 315–17, 344, 385, 412
McCloy, John Jay:
on Acheson Committee, 276–82
air power supported by, 125–26
at Amherst College, 35, 37–46
ancestry of, 24–25
“Atlanticist” message of, 623–24
Barbie case and, 349–50, 352–53
birth of, 25
as business leader, 429–30
at Cairo Conference, 190–95
as candidate for Secretary of State, 386–87, 415, 468, 477, 502
as “chairman” of Establishment, 15, 17, 19, 20, 563–64, 596–97
charitable activities of, 483, 504
charm of, 231–32
childhood of, 23–36, 190
civil rights as viewed by, 542–43
class acculturization of, 35, 42–43, 69
clemency board established by, 331, 333–36
clubs of, 59, 99, 107–8, 207, 423
code name of, 199
congressional relations of, 123–24, 415
constitutional rights as viewed by, 95, 119, 147, 149–50, 151, 154, 156, 159–60, 161–62, 164, 173–74
as corporate board director, 18, 396, 483
as corporate lawyer, 17–18, 34, 57–77, 106–7, 122, 271–75, 282, 503, 517–18, 540–41, 570, 571, 662
in Cuban Missile crisis, 523, 527–40, 650–51, 662
death of, 661
détente as viewed by, 540, 621, 650
diary of, 251, 252, 256–57, 264–65, 266, 267
Distinguished Service Medal awarded to, 264
as “dove” vs. “hawk,” 530, 536, 539
education of, 27–56
as elder statesman, 659–60
energy crisis and, 624–37
fishing as pastime of, 99–100, 133, 262, 282, 312, 504, 507–8, 513, 542, 624
Freedom Medal awarded to, 543–44, 550
free market supported by, 312
funeral of, 15–20
German culture as viewed by, 40, 52, 205, 310, 312, 338–39, 403
Godkin lectures given by, 392–93
gravitas as value of, 19, 575, 663
Greek studied by, 26, 27, 30, 32–34, 39
at Harvard Law School, 45, 46, 47–50, 52–56
hunting as pastime of, 431, 504, 542, 624
idealism of, 266, 514
illnesses of, 69–70, 660, 661
“imponderables” of public policy as viewed by, 19, 259, 426, 562, 575, 663
informality of, 176, 313, 395–96
intelligence of, 17–18, 38–39
internationalism of, 307, 387, 416, 430, 502, 507, 514, 663
as interventionist, 44–45, 132, 133–35» 140, 146
as law firm partner, 68, 73, 96–97, 122
liberalism of, 38, 54, 102
as managing partner, 96–97, 101
memoir of, 660–61
Middle East trips of, 441–46, 541, 543, 567–68, 604–9, 624–25
military mind-set of, 164
military service of, 50–53
military strategy as viewed by, 135–40, 143–44, 177–85, 192–93
national security as important to, 95, 124, 128, 154, 161, 164, 174, 175, 210, 423–25, 435, 517, 518, 521, 578, 659, 661, 662
Nazis as viewed by, 89–90, 366–67
Nazi war criminals as judged by, 330–36, 359–75, 376
neutrality as viewed by, 446, 447, 448, 464
ninetieth birthday of, 657–58
nuclear strategy as viewed by, 464, 466, 487–88
occupation policy handbook of, 223–27
oil companies represented by, 18, 517–18, 604, 608, 624–37, 639–40
pacifism as viewed by, 45
pension of, 391, 498
physical appearance of, 33, 117, 176
at Plattsburg camp, 40–46, 50, 78, 110
political ambitions unimportant to, 19, 447–48
political influences on, 18–19, 40, 44
at Potsdam Conference, 249–59
power of, 18, 19–20, 176, 317, 429, 441, 443, 445, 447–48, 482–83, 491, 623–24
pragmatism of, 19, 127, 181, 199, 256—57, 266, 307, 474, 662
at preparatory school, 30–36, 48
as Presbyterian, 24
press coverage of, 124–25, 159, 176, 235, 285, 288, 308, 311–12, 313–14, 315, 318, 333, 340, 341–42, 391, 395, 435, 447, 512—13, 593, 600, 659
railroads represented by, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64–67, 96, 104–6
reputation of, 106–7, 171, 435—36, 657–60
residences of, 58, 122, 125, 131, 312, 316, 459, 503–4
as sabotage expert, 91, 113, 117–18, 119, 126, 136–37,
141, 142, 154, 163–64
salary of, 58, 73, 94, 122, 317, 391, 639–40
secret war plans studied by, 135–40
as senior partner, 271–75
skiing as pastime of, 380
social life of, 17, 34, 40, 48, 59, 68, 72–73, 99–100, 182, 662
sports as interest of, 29, 31–32, 33
as storyteller, 99–100, 117
Stuttgart speech of, 334
tennis played by, 17, 33, 34, 39, 52, 58–59, 64, 75, 76, 107, 117, 165, 191–92, 193, 303, 316, 319, 504, 509
U.S.-Soviet relations as viewed by, 228, 237–38, 239, 241–42, 254–57, 265–66, 268, 276
war production as viewed by, 123–24, 131–32, 134–36
on Warren Commission, 548–50, 554–62, 565–66
Watergate scandal as viewed by, 637–39
Wheeler-Truman hearings and, 105–6
in “Wise Men” group, 575–80, 583–84, 603, 623, 649, 650, 651, 653
world tour of, 265–68
McCloy, John Jay (father), 24–26, 27, 30
McCloy, John Jay, II (son), 16, 17, 92, 122, 262, 272, 315, 316, 332, 385, 504, 535, 657
McCloy, Rush Middleton (grandson), 17
McCloy, William (grandfather), 24–25
McCloy, William Snader (brother), 25, 27
McCloy Committee, 187, 188
McCloy Fund, 656, 658–59
“McCloy’s Folly,” 177
McCloy-Zorin Agreed Principles, 515–16
McCone, John, 488, 504, 529, 531, 550
McCormack, Alfred, 142, 165, 279–80
McCormack, James, Jr., 462
McCormack, John, 133
McCormack Plan, 279–80
Macdonald, Dwight, 440, 518–19
McGhee, George, 472
McGraw, James, 349
McHenry, Donald F., 648, 652
MacLeish, Archibald, 49, 50, 54, 75
Macmillan, Harold, 175, 183, 192, 460, 470, 648
McNamara, Robert, 497, 499, 500, 523, 524–25, 526, 530, 587, 589–90, 657
Vietnam policy of, 571, 573, 576, 577, 578, 579, 583–84, 594, 595–96, 601, 620n
Magic intercepts, 137, 138, 140, 141–42, 154–55, 253
Maguerre, Frederick, 84
Malenkov, Georgi M., 328
Mallory, Walter H., 109
Manchester, William, 363, 368, 374
Manhattan Project, 185, 230, 240, 246, 251, 264, 277
Mansfield, Mike, 582, 588, 591, 622
Mansfield Amendment, 593, 622–23
Manufacturer’s Trust, 400
Maplewood Institute, 30–31
Marks, Herbert S., 281
Marshall, George C., 52, 119, 125, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 191, 192, 228–29, 239, 240, 264, 266, 292, 293, 308, 474
desegregation of military and, 187, 188–89
Hiroshima bombing as viewed by, 241, 243, 244, 245
Holocaust as viewed by, 205, 208, 209