by Green, Toby
Texcoco, Mexico ref1
Thomson, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3
Tiahuanaco, Bolivia ref1
Timor ref1
Titian ref1
Tlatelolco, Mexico City ref1, ref2
Tlaxcala, Mexico ref1
tocados (head-dress) ref1
Toledo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
alumbrados of ref1
burning at the stake ref1
conversos of ref1, ref2
familiars of ref1
Inquisition of ref1, ref2, ref3
inquisitorial jail ref1
moriscos of ref1
Toledo, archbishop of ref1
Toledo cathedral ref1
Tomar, Portugal ref1, ref2, ref3
Tordesillas, Castile ref1
Tordesillas, Francisco de ref1
Toreno, Count of ref1
Toro ref1
Toro, Pedro de ref1
Torquemada, Tomás de, first inquisitor-general of Spain ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Torrelaguna ref1, ref2
Torres, Luis de ref1
Torres, Pedro de ref1
Torres y Portugal, Fernando de ref1
Tortosa ref1
Tortosa, bishop of ref1
total eclipse 1478 ref1
totalitarianism ref1, ref2
Toulouse ref1
Touré, Sékou, first president of Guinea ref1
Trampa, device used in torture ref1
transvestism ref1
Transylvania ref1
Tremecen ref1
Trent, Council of ref1, ref2, ref3
Trevor-Roper, Hugh ref1
trials ref1, ref2, ref3
numbers ref1
see also auto-da-fé (grand trial of faith)
Triana ref1, ref2, ref3
Triana, Rodrigo de ref1
Trigueros, Julian ref1
Trinidad ref1
Truffaut, François ref1
Tucumán, Argentina ref1
Tunisia ref1
Tupinamba, people of Brazil ref1
Turkish navy ref1, ref2
Turks ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Urdax ref1, ref2
Uruguay ref1
Val, Manuel de ref1
Valdeaveiro palace ref1
Valdés, Ariás ref1
Valdés, Diego de, corrupt relative of inquisitor-general Fernando de Valdés ref1, ref2
Valdés, Fernando de, inquisitor-general ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
book censorship ref1, ref2
and Carranza ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
and the inquisitorial organisation ref1
Valdés, Menendo de ref1
Valdivia, Chile ref1
Valencia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
auto-da-fé ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Congregation of ref1
conversos of ref1
familiars of ref1
inquisitorial jail ref1, ref2, ref3
Moors of ref1
moriscos of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
Muslims of ref1
Tribunal of ref1
Valencia, Pedro de ref1, ref2, ref3
Valenzuela, Leonor de ref1
Valenzuela, Miguelico de ref1
Valibrera, Juan de ref1
Vall de Artos, Aragon ref1
Valladolid, Spain ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
inquisitorial jail ref1
Valparaíso, Chile ref1
Vargas, Jerónima de ref1
Varuni, Martin ref1
Vatican ref1, ref2, ref3
Vera ref1
Veracruz, Mexico ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
verdugos (skirts) ref1
Vergara, Juan de ref1, ref2
Verona ref1
Vibero, Leonor de ref1
Vicente, Gil ref1
Vieira, António ref1
vigilance, culture of ref1
Villacañas, Toledo ref1
Villalpando, Juan de ref1
Villar ref1
Villareal, Gerónimo de ref1
Villarobledo, La Mancha ref1
Villaseñor, José Bernardo ref1
Villegas, Pedro de ref1
Vincent Ferrer, St ref1
Virgin, cult of the ref1
Virgin of Guadalupe ref1
Virúes, Alonso de ref1
visions ref1, ref2
Vitoria, Francisco de, first bishop of Tucumán ref1
Vives, Joan-Lluis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Vives, Luis ref1, ref2
Vives, Pau ref1
Voltaire ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
water torture ref1, ref2, ref3
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of ref1
witchcraft ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
see also sorcery
Wittenberg castle ref1
Wolof slaves ref1
Xavier, Francis ref1
Xea, Miguel de ref1
Ximenes, Diego de ref1
Ximenez, Ignacio ref1
Ximildegui, María de ref1
Yeste ref1
Yurreteguía, María de ref1
Yuste monastery, Extremadura ref1, ref2
Zacatecas ref1, ref2
Zafra ref1
zambras (traditional Muslim dance) ref1
Zamora, Catalina de ref1
Zaragoza ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19
Tribunal of ref1
Zimbabwe ref1
Zugarramurdi ref1
Zumárraga, Juan de, first archbishop of Mexico ref1
Zúniga, Francisca de ref1
INQUISITION
TOBY GREEN is the author of three previous books, Saddled with Darwin, Meeting the Invisible Man and Thomas More’s Magician, and his work has been translated into six languages. He has travelled widely in Africa and Latin America, and now lives with his family in the west of England.
‘Toby Green is a sensitive and disciplined historian, who eloquently recovers lost stories, experiences and emotions’
Sunday Telegraph
‘An exceptional study of the original terror states’
Scotsman
‘A powerful study of intolerance . . . Just as Arthur Miller used the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692 to comment on McCarthyite America, so in this book Green appears to be using the Inquisition to comment obliquely on the “war on terror”’
Guardian
‘A cracking read ’
Sunday Herald
‘Toby Green’s book is a tour de force which shows that when fear takes a grip it does not easily let go and that many suffer until it does. It is a real lesson for us from history’
Tribune
Also by Toby Green
SADDLED WITH DARWIN
MEETING THE INVISIBLE MAN
THOMAS MORE’S MAGICIAN
List of Plates
Tomás de Torquemada, the first inquisitor-general of Spain, who presided over the expansion of the Spanish Inquisition and developed rules stigmatizing the descendants of heretics.
The Castle of Triana, headquarters of the Inquisition in Seville. When the first autos-da-fé of the Spanish Inquisition began here in 1481, there were so many prisoners that they would not all fit into the castle.
A Spanish auto-da-fé of the sixteenth century. The prisoners are led out of the city gates into the meadows beyond, where they are transferred to the secular authorities to be burnt (above right).
As one of the first inquisitors of Cartagena (Colombia), and later of Lima and Mexico, Juan de Mañozca presided over some of the most violent autos-da-fé in the history of the Inquisition in the Americas.
Interrogating a suspect. T
he Inquisition was an intensely hierarchical institution: note how the chairs of the inquisitors are higher than that of the subject.
The Court of the Inquisition by Francisco Goya. Painted following his career as a court artist, Goya’s dark portraits of the Inquisition are among the most famous visual representations.
Torture by the Inquisition. In contrast to this engraving, torturers were usually masked. Often water was poured down the throat of a victim strapped to a hard table or potro.
This engraving dates from the early nineteenth century when torture by the Inquisition was a thing of the past. However, such was the success of the propagandists against the Inquisition, and of the Inquisition itself in sewing the idea of its power, that the popular perception was that torture continued.
Victims were hoisted into the air using pulleys and let drop a little way during interrogation.
Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros. As inquisitor-general of Spain in the early sixteenth century, Cisneros safeguarded the institution after its brutal excesses in Cordoba, under Inquisitor Lucero, had threatened its very survival.
A penitent wearing the fuego revolto. These were given to those who had been condemned for execution, but had confessed and accepted Christian communion. They were then garrotted rather than burnt.
Lisbon, c.1553. The Inquisition had been granted full powers in Portugal following papal bulls of 1536 and 1547. At autos-da-fé, stakes were erected along the waterfront (foreground, centre).
Scene of an auto-da-fé on the waterfront in Lisbon, with the royal palace in the background.
The Inquisition in New Spain (Mexico). The first trials led under inquisitorial authority outside Europe occurred in Mexico City in 1528, before spreading throughout Latin America, to Goa and to some Portuguese settlements in Africa, such as Cape Verde, Luanda (Angola) and São Tomé.
Standard of the Spanish Inquisition
Standard of the Inquisition of Goa
Portrait of Sir John Hawkins. Survivors from Hawkins’ stricken ship, the Jesus of Lubeck, were later convicted as Lutheran heretics, becoming the first victims of the court of the Inquisition in Mexico.
A sixteenth-century map of Goa. This colony became the bloodiest of all the Portuguese tribunals, concentrating most on crypto-Hindus’ - secret Hindus who pretended to be Catholics.
Isabel de Carvajal being tortured prior to her death at the 1596 auto-da-fé in Mexico City.
Mariana de Carvajal was burnt at the stake during the same auto-da-fé in which her sister Isabel and brother Luis perished. They were the nieces and nephew of the Governor of Nuevo León, Luis de Carvajal y la Cueva.
Depiction of the Grand Auto-da-Fé in Madrid 1680, one of the most ostentatious ever staged in Spain. By the latter seventeenth century, autos-da-fé had become vast elaborate affairs, but the costs involved in staging them meant that they became increasingly infrequent.
An artist’s impression of an exorcism in Spain, a practice that had become commonplace by the seventeenth century.
An auto-da-fé in Lisbon in the eighteenth century. The Inquisition remained very powerful in Portugal in the first half of the century with autos-da-fé continuing to ‘relax’ penitents to death in large numbers, generally for the crime of crypto-Judaism.
The destruction of the Inquisition in Barcelona on 10 March 1820. As the Inquisition had sanctioned violence for so long, the destruction of Inquisition offices and archives quickly became a popular activity.
First published 2007 by Macmillan
First published in paperback 2008 by Pan Books
This electronic edition published 2009 by Pan Books
an imprint of Pan Macmillan Ltd
Pan Macmillan, 20 New Wharf Rd, London N1 9RR
Basingstoke and Oxford
Associated companies throughout the world
www.panmacmillan.com
ISBN 978-0-330-50721-9 in Adobe Reader format
ISBN 978-0-330-50720-2 in Adobe Digital Editions format
ISBN 978-0-330-50722-6 in Mobipocket format
Copyright © Toby Green 2007
The right of Toby Green to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
You may not copy, store, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Visit www.panmacmillan.com to read more about all our books and to buy them. You will also find features, author interviews and news of any author events, and you can sign up for e-newsletters so that you’re always first to hear about our new releases.