The Silk Roads: A New History of the World
Page 85
Balfour Declaration, here
Balkan Wars, here, here
Balkh, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
ballistic missiles, here, here
Bamiyan Buddhas, here
Ban Chao, General, here
Bandar Abbas, here, here, here
Bani-Sadr, Abolhassan, here
Barakatullāh, Muammad, here
Barbaricum, here
Barchuq (Uighur ruler), here
Barmakid family, here
Barygaza, here, here
Bashgird tribe, here
Basil II, Emperor, here
Basra, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Bastarnians, here
Batavia, here
Batnae, here
Battle of Britain, here
Batumi, here
Bayterek tower, here
Bāzargān, Mahdī, here
BBC Persian Radio Service, here
Beckwith, Colonel Charlie, here
Becudo, Mathew, here
Bedouin (‘desert people’), here
Begin, Menachem, here
Behistun, inscription at, here
Beijing, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Beirut, here, here, here, here
Beja people, here
Béla IV, King (of Hungary), here
Belgium, here, here
Bell, Gertrude, here, here, here, here, here
Beloozero, here
Bengal, here, here, here, here, here
Ben-Gurion, David, here
Berbera, here
Berenike, here
Berke (leader of the Golden Horde), here
Berlin–Baghdad railway, here
Berlin Wall, here, here
Bernard of Clairvaux, here
Bertie, Sir Francis, here
Beth Lapat, see Gundeshāpūr
Bethlehem, here
Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, here
Bevin, Ernest, here
Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, here
Bicker, Andries, here
Bijns, Anna, here
Bilbais, plague in, here
bin Laden, Osama, here, here
birch bark, here
birds, worship of, here
birds of prey, here, here
Birka, expansion of, here
al-Bīrūnī, Abū Rayān, here
Bismarck, here
Black Death, here, here
Blair, Tony, here
Blake, Admiral Robert, here
Blake, William, here
Blix, Hans, here
blood transfusion, first, here
Boccaccio, Giovanni, here, here
Bodrum, here
Boer War, here
Bohemond, here, here
Boleyn, Anne, here
Bolsheviks, here
Bombay, here, here, here
bombers, strategic, here
Boniface VIII, Pope, here
Book of Psalms, here
Book of the Crown, The, here
Book of the Laws of the Countries, here
Borodin, Alexander, here
Borodino, here
Bosnia, annexation of, here
Boston Tea Party, here
Bougie, here
Bowrey, Thomas, here
Brackenbury, Henry, here
brazil-wood, here
Brest, here
Brest-Litovsk, here
Brezhnev, Leonid, here
Britain (British empire)
domination of India, here, here
First World War aims, here
increasing national debt, here
intentions in Mesopotamia, here, here, here, here
and Jewish immigration, here
loss of North American colonies, here
policy towards Iran, here
rapprochement with Russia, here
relations with Persia, here
relations with Russia, here, here, here, here
Roman conquest, here
rise of empire, here
template for invasion of Soviet Union, here
withdrawal from east of Suez, here
see also England
British Museum, here
British Petroleum, here, here
Britons (the name), here
Brooke, Rupert, here
Bruges, rise of, here
Brydon, Dr William, here
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, here, here
Buddha, here, here, here, here
Buddhism, here, here, here
Mongols and, here
reconciled with Christianity, here
Buddhist art, here
Buddhist monasteries, endowment of, here
Buddhists, here, here, here, here, here
Bukhara, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Bukharin, Nikolai, here
Buhtīshū family, here
Bulgaria, post-war, here
Bullard, Sir Reader, here, here, here
Bunsen, Sir Maurice de, here
Burke, Edmund, here
Burma, evacuation of, here
Burmah Oil Company, here
Burne-Jones, Edward, here
Burnes, Alexander, here
Bush, George H. W., here, here
Bush, George W., here, here, here, here
Bushihr, here, here, here
nuclear site, here, here
Bustani, José, here
Būyid caliphate, here, here
Buyl, Bernardo, here
Byzantium (Byzantine empire)
alliances with Khazars, here
collapse of, here, here
competition with Viking Rus’, here
and Crusades, here
deteriorating relations with west, here
golden age of, here
and Mongol threat, here
and rise of Seljuks, here
Cádiz, here
Cadman, Sir John, here
Caesarea, siege of, here
Caffa, here
Caffaro, here
Cairo, here, here, here, here, here
arrival of Mansa Musa, here
and rise of Mamluks, here
Cakchiquel Maya, here
Calcutta, here, here
Caldwell, John, here
Calicut, here, here
arrival of Vasco da Gama, here
Calvin, John, here
Cambodia, here, here
Cambon, Paul, here
camphor, here, here
Campion Vaughan, Lieutenant Edwin, here
Canary Islands, here, here
Candida (concubine), here
cannabis, here
Canterbury, here, here
Cão, Diogo, here
Cap Breton, here
Cape Verde islands, here, here
cardamom, here, here
Carter, Jimmy, here, here, here, here, here
Carthage, here, here
cartography, here, here
Caspian Gates, here
castles, building of, here
Castlereagh, Lord, here
Catalan Atlas, here
Catalaunian Plains, battle of the, here
Catherine of Aragon, here
Catherine of Braganza, here
cave temples, Buddhist, here, here
Cavour, Count, here
Ceuta, here, here
Ceyhan, here
Ceylon, see Sri Lanka
Ch’oe P’u, here
Chaadaev, Pyotr, here
Chaghatay (Mongol warlord), here
Chamberlain, Neville, here, here
Chang’an, here
Characene, here
Charax, see Basra
Charge of the Light Brigade, here
chariot racing, here
Charles V, Emperor, here, here
Charles II, King, here
Cheapside Tournament, here
Chechnya, here, here, here
C
hekhov, Anton, here
Chelmsford, Lord, here
Chelyabinsk nuclear plant, here
chemical weapons, Iraqi use of, here
Cheney, Dick, here, here, here, here, here
Chengdu, here
Chernenko, Konstantin, here
Cherniaev, General Mikhail, here
Chernigov, here, here
chess, here, here
China
Arabs reach, here
British relations with, here
Christian missionaries in, here, here
culinary habits, here
and drug addiction, here
economic crises, here, here
economic growth, here, here, here, here
famine in, here
financial innovations, here
and huaxia concept, here
impact of climate change, here
intelligence cooperation with US, here
knowledge of outside world, here
Mongol conquest, here, here, here, here, here
pays tribute to steppe nomads, here
period of transition, here
relations with Rome, here
road system, here
silver inflows and increased trade, here
and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, here
and spread of Buddhism, here
struggles with extremism, here
Timurid conquest, here
China Development Bank, here
Chinese Eastern Railway, here
Chirac, Jacques, here
Chongqing, here
Christian art, halo in, here
Christian Assyrians, here
Christianity
competition with Judaism, here, here
competition with Zoroastrianism, here, here, here
as European common denominator, here
Khazars and, here, here
languages of, here
and militarism, here, here
and missionary activity, here, here
Mongols and, here
outbreak of militancy, here
and quest for unity, here
reconciled with Buddhism, here
sectarianism, here
spread of, here, here, here, here, here
Christians
and early Islam, here, here
persecution of, here, here, here, here, here
and slave trade, here
Churchill, Winston, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
and First World War, here
and naval conversion to oil, here
and post-war world, here, here, here
wartime conferences, here, here
Ciano, Count, here
Cicero, here
Cieza de León, Pedro, here, here
cinnamon, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
circumnavigation, here
Clemenceau, Georges, here
Clement V, Pope, here
Cleopatra, Queen, here
Clerk, George here
climate change, here, here, here, here
Clinton, Bill, here, here
Clinton, Hillary, here
Clive, Robert, here
‘Cloth of Antioch’, here
cloves, here, here, here, here, here, here
Cochin, here, here
Coimbatore, here
‘coin wars’, here
coinage
Christian, here, here
debasement of, here
Greek, here
Islamic, here
Khazar, here
and long-distance trade, here, here, here, here
of Menander, here
and monetisation of trade, here
Mongol, here
Persian, here
Roman, here, here, here, here
Seljuk, here
Colombo, here, here
Columbus, Christopher, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
and liberation of Jerusalem, here, here
parallels with, here, here
and religious warfare, here
‘Commissar Order’, here
Communism
hammer and sickle flag, here
and Islam, here
origins of, here
and pan-Arabism, here
resurgence, here
Concessions Syndicate, here
Confucianism, here, here
Confucius Institutes, here
Conolly, Arthur, here
Constantine, Emperor, here, here, here
Constantinople
and Allied First World War aims, here
arrival of Jews in, here
as Christian centre, here, here, here, here
defensive walls, here
fall of, here, here
founding of, here, here
hit by financial crisis, here
Italian interests in, here, here, here
known as Mikli-garðr, here
Persians threaten, here
and pilgrimages, here
plague in, here
planned Russian occupation of, here
reception of Türkic ambassadors, here
sack of, here
contra-corsarios, here
Copeland, Miles, here
coral, here, here, here
Córdoba, here, here, here, here
Corfu, here, here
Corinth, here
Cornwallis, Lord, here
Corsica, here
Cortés, Hernán, here, here
Cotte, Edouard, here
Council of Chalcedon, here, here, here
Council of Clermont, here
Council of Nicaea, here
Cox, Sir Percy, here, here
Crete, here, here
Creusot-Loire, here
Crimean War, here
crocodiles, here
Crusades, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
failure of, here, here, here, here
Ctesiphon, here, here, here, here, here, here
Cuba, massacre of villagers, here
Cuban missile crisis, here, here, here
Cuerdale (Lancashire), here
Cumans, here, here
Curzon, Lord, here, here, here, here, here
cyber-terrorism, here
Cyprus, here, here
Cyril, Patriarch, here, here
Cyrus the Great, here, here
Cyrus, Patriarch, here
Czechoslovakia, occupation of, here
Dahl, Roald, here
Daladier, Edouard, here
Dallam, Thomas, here
Dalrymple, William, here
Damascus, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Damietta, here
Dandanakan, battle of, here
Dandolo, Doge Enrico, here
Daniel of Morley, here
Dara, here, here, here
Dar-es-Salaam, embassy bombing, here
Darius the Great, here, here
Darius III, King (of Persia), here
Darré, Richard, here
Dāwud, Muammad, here, here, here
death sentences, Islamic sanction for, here
DeGolyer, Everette Lee, here
Dehua, porcelain production, here
Delft, ceramics industry, here
Delhi, here, here
Delphic maxims, here
Delta Force, here, here
Demetrius, bishop of Antioch, here
Deng Xiaoping, here
Detti, Guido, here
Deutsche Bank, here
devakula (temples of the divine family), here
Dewashtich (ruler of Panjikent), here
Dhahran bombing, here
Dias, Bartolomeu, here
diet, improvements in, here
Dinis, King (of Portugal), here
Diocletian, Emperor, here, here
Disraeli, Benjamin, here
Diu, Ottoman attack on, here
&n
bsp; Dīwān lughāt al-turk, here
dīwān, office of, here
Djenné, here
dodos, as gifts, here
Donbas basin, here
Dost Muammad, Shah, here
Dostoevskii, Fyodor, here
Dreyfus, Louis G., here
Drummond-Wolff, Sir Henry, here, here
Dubrovnik (Ragusa), here, here
Dubs, Adolph, here
Duisburg, here
Duleep Singh, Maharajah, here
Dulles, Allen, here
Dulles, John Foster, here, here, here, here
Dunhuang, here, here, here, here
Dunsterville, General Lionel, here
Durand, Sir Mortimer, here
Dürer, Albrecht, here
Dutch East Indies, here, here
Dutch East Indies Company (VOC), here, here, here, here
Dutch Republic, rise of, here, here
Dutch West Indies Company (WIC), here
Dzungarian gate, here
East India Company, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Easter, date of, here
Eastland Company, here
ebony, here, here
Eden, Anthony, here, here
Edessa, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Edward I, King, here
Edward VII, King, here, here
Egypt
achieves independence, here
Alexandrian conquest, here
anti-British rioting, here
Arab conquest, here, here
Crusaders and, here, here
exports of luxury goods, here
Fāimid conquest, here, here, here
grain exports, here
Ottoman conquest, here
overthrow of Farouk, here, here
and pan-Arabism, here
Persian conquest, here
plague in here
relations with Portugal, here
and rise of Mamluks, here, here
and rise of Saladin, here
Roman conquest, here
Roman recovery of, here
Venetian interests in, here
Eichmann, Adolf, here
Eisenhower, Dwight D., here, here, here
‘Eisenhower doctrine’, here
El Alamein, battle of, here
El Escorial, palace of, here
Elephanta, cave temples, here
elephants, as gifts, here
Elizabeth I, Queen, here
Ellenborough, Lord, here
Ellora, cave temples, here
Elmina, here
Elphinsonte, Major-General, here
Elwell-Sutton, Laurence, here
Emesa, here
England
armed forces, here
break with Rome, here, here
collections of antiquities, here
and emigration to America, here
maritime revolution, here
plague in, here
population growth, here
relations with Low Countries, here
relations with Ottomans, here
relations with Persia, here, here
relations with Spain, here, here, here
and slave trade, here
voyages of discovery, here
see also Britain
Enlightenment, here, here, here
Entente Cordiale, here
Enver Pasha, here
Erasmus, here