Santinelli, Ludovico: Christina meets, 245; serves Christina, 306; at Fontainebleau, 318; and Monaldeschi’s execution, 320, 322–3, 327
Santini, Father Matteo, 369, 371–2, 376–7, 387, 394, 402–4, 424
Saumaise, Claude, 98, 133, 137–8, 186–7, 192–3, 205; death, 215
Saumaise, Madame Claude, 215
Scaramouche see Fiorillo, Tiberio
Scarlatti, Alessandro, 407–8
Scheffer, Johannes (‘Angelus Silesius’), 134, 281
Scheldt, river, 231
Schurman, Anna Maria van, 142, 188, 230
Schutze, Jost, 175
Scudéry, Georges de, 141, 300
Scudéry, Madeleine de, 142, 300
Senate (Swedish house of nobility): composition, 109; Oxenstierna denounces Matthiae in, 110; defers to Christina, 179; hears Christina’s intention to abdicate, 180–1, 211; condemns Messenius, 184; Christina expands, 210; and Estate of nobles, 212; and Christina’s abdication settlement, 214; confirms Christina’s abdication, 347
Seneca, 256–7
Sicilies, Kingdom of the two, 273; see also Naples
Sigismund III, King of Poland, 20, 31, 45
Signac, Pierre, 161
Silfvercrona, Johan-Philip, 126, 231
Skytte, Brother Lars, 189–90
Spa, 229–30
Spain: decline from dominance, 6, 113; Habsburgs in, 29; and Netherlands, 29–30; loses Dutch provinces, 113, 115; and Christina’s exile from Sweden, 195, 202–5; considers alliance with Sweden, 203; Pope Alexander VII favours, 239–40; war with France, 239–40, 342; and papacy, 269–71; Christina’s alienation from, 272–3; and occupation of Naples, 273, 324, 327; peace with France (1659), 313, 345; see also Felipe IV
Sparre, Ebba see De la Gardie, Ebba
Sparre, Count Per, 367
Spezioli, Dr Romolo, 433, 440
Squadrone Volante, lo, 270–2, 351, 365–6, 386, 413, 415–16
Steinberg, Baron Antonius von, 220
Stiernhielm, Georg, 133
Stockholm: conditions, 18; French visitors disparage, 129; music in, 157–8; Christina’s coronation in, 173–8; threatened by plague, 185; Tre Kronor Castle burnt, 444
Strozzi, Barbara, 261
Surreaux (surgeon), 141
Sweden: military strength, 6–7; economic and social conditions, 7, 17, 107, 167–8; wars with Poland, 12, 19, 30, 221, 241, 334, 345; war with Denmark, 15, 30, 221, 334, 345; alliance with France, 31, 89–90, 334, 354; Breitenfeld victory, 33–4; regency during Christina’s minority, 43, 49–51, 85; monarchy in, 45–6; educational backwardness, 66; religious doctrines, 67–8, 186; treaty with Denmark (1645), 90; gains in Peace of Westphalia, 113, 118; foreign scholars in, 129–38; cooking, 130–1; land alienated by nobility, 166–7, 178; agricultural decline, 167; financial crisis, 170, 178, 182; truce with Poland ends (1654), 221; pays Christina’s allowance to Mazarin, 342, 345; Christina revisits after death of Karl X Gustav (1660), 346–7; regular allowance to Christina, 348, 361; and Anglo-Dutch war, 362–3; Christina revisits and leaves (1667), 366–74; regents ban Christina from, 382; decline, 443–4; see also Riksdag
Swedish Academy: proposed, 144, 155
Sybil see Giulia
Terlon, Chevalier de, 354, 378
Terranova, Diego Tagliavia d’Aragona, Duque de, 250, 271–2
Tessin, Nicodemus, 368
Texeira, Diego, 228, 231, 348
Texeira, Manoel, 348, 361, 363
Thianges, Madame de, 310
Thirty Years War (1618–48): conduct of, 6; outbreak, 15, 27, 29; ends, 111–15, 348
Thuillerie, M. de la, 90–1, 151
Tilly, General Johann Tserklaes, Count, 32–3
Torstensson, General Lennart, 174, 180
Tott, Count Klaes, 187, 207, 220, 235
Trello, Jakob, 21
Trello, Margareta, 21–2
Ulfeld, Corfitz, 194
Ulfeld, Leonora, 194–5, 226, 233
Ulrich, Archduke of Denmark, 53–4, 56
United Provinces (Dutch): claim independence from Spain, 29–30; gain independence, 113; see also Holland
Uppsala: Christina announces abdication to Riksdag in (1654), 215–19
Uppsala university, 66
Van Dyck, (Sir) Anthony, 231–2
Vanini, Abbé, 359, 434–5
Vasa (warship), 197
Venice: and Turkish threat, 112
Verdier, Pierre, 158
Vienna: threatened by Turks, 8, 343
Visscher sisters (of Amsterdam), 142
Vossius, Isaac, 131–2, 134, 137, 206, 428
Vries, Adriaen de, 128
Wachtmeister, General, 196
Wachtmeister, Madame, 141
Wallenstein, Count Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von, Duke of Friedland: military command, 30; dismissed from command, 32–3; reconstitutes army, 34–5; rejects Gustav Adolf’s peace terms, 36–7; at Lützen, 38; in Thirty Years War, 112; palace in Prague, 119; owns sculptures, 128
Westphalia, Peace of (1648), 111–17, 231, 265, 269, 297
White Mountain, Battle of the (1620), 28, 121
Whitelocke, Bulstrode, 97, 131, 143, 158, 213–14, 216–19, 229–30, 357
Wladislaw Vasa, Crown Prince of Poland, 12, 162
women: Christina’s views of, 74–5, 262; in Rome, 260–1, 415–16; Christina on, as rulers, 400–1
Wrangel, Field-Marshal Karl Gustav, 219
Yllán, García de, Baron of Bornival, 231, 241, 259–60, 348
Zetina, Monsignor, 413
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