by Peter Finn
he had “released” this edition of Zhivago: Boris Filippov, letter to Gleb Struve, November 24, 1977, quoted in Ivan Tolstoy, Otmytyi Roman Pasternaka, 331.
overseen personally by Alexander Shelepin: Kotek, Students and the Cold War, 213.
“a tool for the advancement of world communism”: Independent Service for Information, Report on the Vienna Youth Festival, 19.
“liberal and farsighted and open to an exchange of ideas”: Robert G. Kaiser, “Work of CIA with Youths at Festivals Is Defended,” The Washington Post, February 18, 1967.
Newspapers published in several languages were brought in at night: Walter Pincus, interview by Finn, in Washington, D.C., April 24, 2013.
“Out of my way, Russian pig!”: Stern, Gloria Steinem, 119–20.
“college weekend with Russians”: Walter Pincus, interview by Finn, in Washington, D.C., April 24, 2013. (Pincus has used this phrase in several different interviews.)
“going off to join the Spanish Revolution”: Heilbrun, The Education of a Woman, 89.
about 30,000 in fourteen languages: Independent Service for Information, Report on the Vienna Youth Festival, 93.
“to expose delegates from the Soviet orbit”: Youth Festival, Vienna, General Correspondence 1959, C. D. Jackson Papers, Box 115, Folder 4, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
handed out from kiosks: Reisch, Hot Books in the Cold War, 297.
“under observation by communist agents”: “Final Report of the Activities of the Person-to-Person (Polish) Program at the 7th World Youth Festival,” Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 8, Hoover Institution Archives.
“Complained bitterly” about ISI’s projects: Samuel S. Walker, letter to C. D. Jackson, July 31, 1959, Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 1, Hoover Institution Archives.
with the blessing: Samuel S. Walker to C. D. Jackson, status report on Vienna Youth Festival, June 25, 1959, C.D. Jackson Papers, Box 110, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
Overall responsibility for getting books: Samuel S. Walker, letter to C. D. Jackson, February 2, 1959, C. D. Jackson Papers, Box 115, Folder 5, Eisenhower Presidential Archives.
“special efforts”: Klaus Dohrn, letter to C. D. Jackson, December 8, 1958, C. D. Jackson Papers, Box 115, Folder 5, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
“Don’t worry about the ‘Dr. Zhivago’ text”: C. D. Jackson, letter to Klaus Dohrn, January 5, 1959, C. D. Jackson Papers, Box 115, Folder 5, Eisenhower Presidential Library.
distributed in Polish, German, Czech, Hungarian, and Chinese: “Vienna Youth Festival: Book Program,” February 20, 1959, and C. D. Jackson, letter to Fritz Molden, January 5, 1958, C. D. Jackson Papers, Eisenhower Presidential Library; George Trutnovsky, letter to Samuel S. Walker, plus attachment, May 4, 1959, Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 1, Hoover Institution Archives.
published in Taiwan: Huang Wei, “Doctor Zhivago in China,” Ph.D. diss., Jinan University, 2006.
serialized in Chinese by two newspapers in Hong Kong: CIA, Memo for the Record, “Editions for Dr. Zhivago,” March 23, 1959.
an ulcer on the Soviet Union: Zang Kejia, “Ulcer or Treasure: Why the Nobel Prize Was Awarded to Pasternak,” World Literature 1 (1959), cited in “Doctor Zhivago in China,” Ph.D. diss., Huang Wei.
the four-hundred-strong Chinese delegation: Summary of April 23, 1959, Volkstimme article in Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 8, Hoover Institution Archives.
“absolutely uncommunicative”: “Final Report of the Activities of the Person-to-Person (Polish) Program at the 7th World Youth Festival,” Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 8, Hoover Institution Archives.
fifty copies of Doctor Zhivago from Hong Kong: George Trutnovsky to Samuel Walker, “Progress Report on Preparations for the World Youth Festival,” attachment to letter, May 4, 1959, Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 1, Hoover Institution Archives.
through the open windows: Kavanagh, Nureyev, 74.
bags from Vienna department stores: “Final Report of the Activities of the Person-to-Person (Polish) Program at the 7th World Youth Festival,” Samuel S. Walker Papers, Box 8, Hoover Institution Archives.
“None of us, of course, had read the book”: Armen Medvedev, “Tol’ko o kino” (Only on Cinema), Chapter 4, in Iskusstvo kino (Cinema Art) 4 (1999): http://kinoart.ru/archive/1999/04/n4-article22.
“I want to re-create a whole historical era”: “Boris Pasternak: The Art of Fiction No. 25,” interview by Olga Carlisle, The Paris Review 24 (1960): 61–66.
“I don’t know whether I’ll ever finish it”: Jhan Robbins, “Boris Pasternak’s Last Message to the World,” This Week magazine, August 7, 1960.
“I have been eagerly zealous”: Boris Pasternak, letter to Lydia Pasternak Slater, July 31, 1959, Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 412.
“when I first lukewarmly toyed”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 310.
“not a book that would cause a good Young Communist”: Harrison E. Salisbury, “Khrushchev’s Russia,” The New York Times, September 14, 1959.
he grabbed Surkov by the collar: Dewhirst and Farrell, The Soviet Censorship, 13.
“ ‘Criticize us, control us’ ”: Max Hayward, “The Struggle Goes On,” in Brumberg, Russia under Khrushchev, 385.
“They all showed themselves up at that time”: Barnes, Boris Pasternak, vol. 2, 366.
Bernstein was a sensation: For an account of the tour and the meeting with Pasternak, see Burton, Leonard Bernstein, 304–10.
they were initially left outside: Briggs, Leonard Bernstein: The Man, His Work and His World, 233–34.
“The Artist communes with God”: Barnes, Boris Pasternak, vol. 2, 366.
“every eye in the hall”: Hans N. Tuch, “A Nonperson Named Boris Pasternak,” The New York Times, March 14, 1987.
Chapter 15
Pasternak warmed his stomach with cognac: Schewe, Pasternak privat, 17–18.
“a disturbance at the left side”: De Mallac, Boris Pasternak, 256.
he told her he had lung cancer: Yekaterina Krasheninnikova, “Krupitsy o Pasternake” (Nuggets on Pasternak), Novy Mir 1 (1997): 210.
“Some benign forces have brought me close”: Barnes, Boris Pasternak, vol. 2, 368.
Feltrinelli should buy his body: Boris Pasternak, letter to Jacqueline de Proyart, November 14, 1959, in Boris Pasternak, Lettres à mes amies françaises (1956–1960), 206.
She was frightened by a grayness: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 315.
She was entranced by a newspaper photo: Schweitzer, Freundschaft mit Boris Pasternak, 6.
If she could “have him for a week”: Maslenikova, Portret Borisa Pasternaka, 247.
“so heavy”: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 386.
“falling ill as a punishment”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 317.
a journal on his health: Boris Pasternak, Pasternak privat, 43–46.
“such a constant pain”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 385. (Notes to Ivinskaya in this period are reproduced in Appendix A of her memoir.)
“I’m dying”: Yevgeni Pasternak, “Poslednie gody” (The Last Years), in Boris Pasternak, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, vol. 11, 710.
Golodets found her patient: Anna Golodets, “Poslednie dni” (The Last Days), in Boris Pasternak, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, vol. 11, 747–62.
“Olyusha won’t love me anymore”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 320.
antibiotics: Priscilla Johnson, “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s magazine (May 1961): 140–46.
Zinaida several times offered: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 388.
tormented by gossip about the affair: Ibid., 362.
“like my own daughter, like my youngest child”: Boris Pasternak, letter to Jacqueline de Proyart, September 21, 1959, in Boris Pasternak, Lettres à mes amies françaises (1956–1960), 197.
Zinaida thought it was “monstrous”: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 388.
“SITUATIO
N HOPELESS”: Alexander Pasternak, telegram to Lydia Pasternak Slater, May 27, 1960, in Boris Pasternak, Family Correspondence, 418.
“How unnatural everything is”: Yevgeni Pasternak, “Poslednie gody” (Last Years), in Boris Pasternak, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, vol. 11, 712.
“I have loved life and you very much”: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 391.
“Lydia will soon be here”: Anna Golodets, “Poslednie dni” (Last Days), in Boris Pasternak, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, vol. 11, 761.
“Don’t forget to open the window”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 323.
“And now you can let me in”: Anna Golodets, “Poslednie dni” (Last Days), in Boris Pasternak, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, vol. 11, 762.
“Borya was lying there still warm”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 324.
Farewell, azure of Transfiguration: Boris Pasternak, “August,” in Doctor Zhivago (2010), 478–80.
whose hands began to tremble: Reeder, Anna Akhmatova, 366.
“The weather has been unbelievably beautiful”: Chukovsky, Diary, entry May 31, 1960, 444.
“The death of Pasternak”: Carlo Feltrinelli, Feltrinelli, 177.
the snub: Central Committee memo on the funeral of Pasternak, June 4, 1960, in Afiani and Tomilina, Pasternak i Vlast’, 289.
“A Magician of Poetry”: Dewhirst and Farrell, The Soviet Censorship, 61.
“the last leave-taking of Boris Leonidovich Pasternak”: Priscilla Johnson, “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s (May 1961): 140–46; Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 326.
“unbearably blue sky”: Voznesensky, An Arrow in the Wall, 285.
The authorities described them as “mostly intelligentsia”: Central Committee memo on funeral of Pasternak, June 4, 1960, in Afiani and Tomilina, Pasternak i Vlast’, 287.
“Pasternak will be buried”: Associated Press, “1,000 at Rites for Pasternak,” June 2, 1960.
The KGB set up temporary headquarters: Krotkov, “Pasternaki” (“The Pasternaks”), Grani 63 (1967), 84–90.
snuck in and out: Kaverin, Epilog, 390.
“I don’t take part in anti-government demonstrations”: Chukovsky, Diary, entry June 16, 1960, 446.
“Who can forget the senseless and tragic affair”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 325.
“He could have been lying in a field”: Priscilla Johnson, “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s (May 1961), 140–46.
“I want to go past the coffin with you”: Ibid., 328.
“sole alien element”: Gladkov, Meetings with Pasternak, 179.
The authorities counted five hundred: Central Committee memo on the funeral of Pasternak, June 4, 1960, in Afiani and Tomilina, Pasternak i Vlast’, 287.
Gladkov recalled Pasternak’s lines: Gladkov, Meetings with Pasternak, 176.
“in her humiliated position”: Orlova, Memoirs, 147.
hastily buried: Kaminskaya, Final Judgment, 163.
“the melancholy dirt road”: Voznesensky, An Arrow in the Wall, 286.
“We have come to bid farewell”: There are slightly different variations of Asmus’s eulogy. This is the one recorded by Priscilla Johnson, in “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s (May 1961): 140–46.
A slave is sent to the arena: “O Had I Known,” in Boris Pasternak, Poems of Boris Pasternak, 60.
“a thousand pairs of lips”: Priscilla Johnson, “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s (May 1961): 140–46.
Zinaida was irritated: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 396.
“The poet was killed!”: De Mallac, Boris Pasternak, 271.
“The meeting is over”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 331.
“faint, muffled and terrifying”: Lydia Chukovskaya, Zapiski ob Anne Akhmatovoi, vol. 2, 401.
“the voice now of one”: Priscilla Johnson, “Death of a Writer,” Harper’s (May 1961): 140–46.
“have been poisoned with unhealthy, oppositional ideas”: Central Committee memo on the funeral of Pasternak, June 4, 1960, in Afiani and Tomilina, Pasternak i Vlast’, 289.
“The victory of what?”: Lydia Chukovskaya, Zapiski ob Anne Akhmatovoi, vol. 2, 397.
Chapter 16
“You were expecting us to come”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 339–40.
“adventuress who got him to write Doctor Zhivago”: Ibid., 340.
“Olyusha, where should we leave all that money?”: Yemelyanova, Legendy Potapovskogo pereulka, 211.
“an account in the tax haven of Liechtenstein”: D’Angelo, Delo Pasternaka, 154.
“running” an “operation”: Ibid., 162.
a large sum of rubles: Carlo Feltrinelli, Feltrinelli, 191.
“gasped with astonishment”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 338.
The Italians agreed to take back some documents: Ibid., 296.
Mirella Garritano thought the documents: D’Angelo, Delo Pasternaka, 201–2.
“power to carry out all tasks”: Mancosu, Inside the Zhivago Storm, 216.
“he wrote me a power of attorney for you”: Olga Ivinskaya, letter to Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, in Schewe, Pasternak privat, 54–57.
D’Angelo’s methods “were too dangerous”: D’Angelo, Delo Pasternaka, 183.
“bad thriller”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 351.
“My dear, dear Giangiacomo”: Olga Ivinskaya, letter to Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, July 28, 1960, Heinz Schewe Papers, Nachlass Heinz Schewe, Unternehmensarchiv, Axel Springer AB, Berlin.
“Not to get involved in a battle in Moscow”: Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, letter to Olga Ivinskaya, June 24, 1960, Heinz Schewe Papers, Nachlass Heinz Schewe, Unternehmensarchiv, Axel Springer AB, Berlin.
$125,000 at the official exchange rate: See “Publisher Backs Pasternak Ally,” The New York Times, January 28, 1961.
“You have no right to refuse it”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 338.
bought a motorcycle: Schewe, Pasternak privat, 78.
Pasternak bought a new car: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 384.
“thick-set man with black eyes”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 333.
In retrospect, Irina considered: Yemelyanova, Legendy Potapovskogo pereulka, 209.
searched by two agents: Zinaida Pasternak, Vospominaniya, in Boris Pasternak, Vtoroe Rozhdenie, 406–7.
“I was overcome by a peculiar feeling of indifference”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 342.
“a teeny-weeny criminal”: Yemelyanova, Legendy Potapovskogo pereulka, 232.
“We have read all your letters”: Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, letter to Heinz Schewe, September 3, 1960, Heinz Schewe Papers, Nachlass Heinz Schewe, Unternehmensarchiv, Axel Springer AB, Berlin.
“Mom’s on vacation in the south”: D’Angelo, Delo Pasternaka, 165.
“You disguised it very well”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 343.
Ivinskaya was indicted on November 10, 1960: State Archive of the Russian Federation, Col.: 8131, I.: 31, F.: 89398, S.: 35.
“sold himself to the Western warmongers”: For description of Ivinskaya on trial, see Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 351–54.
“unbearable for Muscovites”: Ivinskaya, A Captive of Time, 355.
The barracks were warm: Yemelyanova, Legendy Potapovskogo pereulka, 276.
“Pasternachkis”: Yemelyanova, Pasternak i Ivinskaya: provoda pod tokom, 309.
“quiet appeals to the Soviet authorities”: Conquest, Courage of Genius, 108.
“was the sort of thing that made my campaign”: “Khrushchev Gets Inquiry in Jailing,” The New York Times, January 20, 1961.
“pure act of revenge”: Harry Schwartz, “Woman Friend of Pasternak Said to Be Imprisioned by Soviet,” The New York Times, January 18, 1961.
Radio Moscow responded on January 21: For full transcript, see Conquest, Courage of Genius, Appendix VIII, 182–86.
a long commentary in Italian: For full transcript, see ibid., Appendix IX, 187–91.
> “People in the West will be justified in asking”: “Pasternak’s Collaborator’s Arrest,” Letters, The New York Times, January 26, 1961.
“radio statement is much too vindictive”: The Times, January 23, 1961.
Feltrinelli released a statement on January 28: Conquest, Courage of Genius, 111.
Nivat told reporters in Paris: W. Granger Blair, “Frenchman, Who Studied in Moscow, Denies Mme. Ivinskaya Accepted Smuggled Foreign Royalties,” The New York Times, January 25, 1961.
“Had Boris Pasternak, whom I loved as a father, still lived”: Georges Nivat to Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, letter, January 21, 1960, Archive of the Private Secretariat of Queen Elisabeth, Archive of the Royal Palace, Brussels.
“you intervene and demand the liberation of rogues”: Conquest, Courage of Genius, 116.
“advertised her intimacy with Pasternak”: Stephen S. Rosenfeld, “Soviet see ‘Honest’ Pasternak Misled by ‘Evil’ Woman,” The Washington Post, October 15, 1961.
“We have brought documents and letters”: “Russian Backs Jailing,” The New York Times, February 21, 1961.
“Everything in the accusation is the essential truth”: Conquest, Courage of Genius, 120.
“I don’t care how it looks”: Chukovsky, Diary, entry May 1, 1961, 454.
“moral reasons”: Alexei Surkov, letter to Mikhail Suslov, August 19, 1961, in Afiani and Tomilina, Pasternak i Vlast’, 289–90.
“yet another anti-Soviet campaign”: Memo on request of Pasternak’s widow, September 20, 1961, in ibid., 291.
“had a longstanding dislike for Zinaida”: De Mallac, Boris Pasternak, 276.
Feltrinelli sold the film rights: Carlo Feltrinelli, Feltrinelli, 196.
“frankly provocative”: The New York Times, April 16, 1977.
“We shouldn’t have banned it”: Taubman, Khrushchev, 628.
“some might say it’s too late”: Nikita Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers: The Last Testament, 77.
“I am the first Russian writer”: Peter Grose, “Sholokhov Proud of Role as ‘Soviet’ Nobel Winner,” The New York Times, December 1, 1965.
“gratefully”: Tass, October 16, 1965.
“The fact that this bright talent”: Associated Press, October 15, 1965.