Washington, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1; see also United States
Wasilewska, Wanda
Wasilewski, Eugeniusz
Ważyk, Adam
“Poem for Adults” (poem)
Wedding, Alex
Die Fahne des Pfeiferhansleins
Weekly Post, The: see Wochenpost
Wegener, Paul
Wehrmacht (German armed forces, 1935–45), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 12.1
Weigel, Helene
Weimar (city), 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 13.1, 14.1
Weimar Republic (also Weimar Germany, 1919–33), 8.1, 9.1, 14.1
Weiner, Amir
Weispapier, Grigorii
Welt, Die (West German newspaper)
“Werewolves” (Nazi youth battalions), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Weryński, Father Henryk
West Berlin Radio (Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor, RIAS), 4.1, 8.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
West German Federal Intelligence Service (BND)
West Germany
involvement in public events, 13.1, 13.2
rearmament of
West Mark (later Deutsche Mark)
see also East Germany; Germany
Western allies (also Allies)
entering Eastern Europe, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
ethnic conflict and deportations, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4
in Germany, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 7.1, 11.1, 14.1, 17.1
relations with Soviet Union, 5.1, 9.1, 11.1
and Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1
see also American army; British army
Wetzel, Rudi
White, Harry Dexter
Wielkopolskie
Wilno: see Vilnius
Winzer, Otto
Wittenberg, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2
Wochenpost (The Weekly Post, East German newspaper), 16.1
Wojtyła, Cardinal Karol (later Pope John Paul II)
Wolf, Christa: The Quest for Christa T. (novel)
Wolf, Markus, 3.1, 8.1, 8.2
World Festivals of Youth and Students (in Eastern Europe), 13.1, 18.1
Wrocław (or Breslau), 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 9.1, 10.1
and Catholic Institute of (later moved to Olsztyn)
Wyszyński, Cardinal Stefan, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 16.1, 17.1
Yalta Conference (February 1945), 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 9.2
Poland’s fate, 4.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2
Young Workers’ Educational Association (East Germany)
Yugoslav Embassy
see also Tito, Josip Broz; “Titoism”
Yugoslavia (also Balkans), 1.1, 2.1, 6.1
and “East European bloc”, 9.1, 11.1, 15.1
labor camps in
political elections in, 9.1, 9.2
war casualties and deportations, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 12.1
war reparations
Zabłocki, Janusz
Zaisser, Wilhelm, 4.1, 15.1, 18.1
Zaremba, Marcin
Zarko, Tito (son of Josip Tito)
Zawisza
Zgoda
Zhdanov, Andrei
Zhukov, Marshal Georgy
Zinoviev, Grigorii Yevseevich
“Zionism” (also“left-deviationism”), 7.1, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2
Zonabend, Genia
Zycie Warszawy (Warsaw Life, Home Army’s newspaper), 8.1, 16.1
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
ANNE APPLEBAUM is a columnist for The Washington Post and Slate. Her previous book, Gulag, won the Pulitzer Prize for Nonfiction and was a finalist for three other major prizes. Her essays appear in The New York Review of Books, Slate, and The London Spectator. She lives in Washington DC and Poland with her husband, Radek Sikorski, who is a Polish politician, and their two children.
ZERO HOUR
1. The Red Army in western Poland, 142 kilometers from Berlin, March 1945
2. The Reichstag, April 1945
3. Soviet soldiers distributing food to German civilians, May 1945
4. Széchenyi Chain Bridge, Budapest, summer 1945
5. In the ruins of Warsaw, a Polish family’s midday meal …
6.… and a woman selling bread on a street corner, summer 1945
ETHNIC CLEANSING
7. Germans expelled from the Sudetenland, awaiting deportation
8. German peasants (“Swabians”) on their way out of Hungary
ARMED RESISTANCE
9. Polish partisans from the underground National Armed Forces (NSZ), who had fought the Germans and were preparing to fight the Red Army. All of these men were dead a few weeks after this photograph was taken in south-central Poland, spring 1944.
10. A Polish partisan accepts amnesty and turns in his weapons.
ELECTIONS
11. Mátyás Rákosi addresses Budapest crowds, 1946.
12. The communist party in Łodz, Poland, demonstrates against Western imperialism and Winston Churchill, 1946.
13. Election graffiti in Budapest, 1945: “Black Marketeers to Prison! Victory for the Communist Party Means More Bread and More Food!”
14. Voting in the Polish countryside, 1947
15. The communist party triumphant: the Hungarian elite gathers beneath portraits of Lenin, Stalin, and Rákosi, 1949.
MOSCOW COMMUNISTS: HUNGARY, EAST GERMANY, POLAND
16. Left to right: István Dobi, Mátyás Rákosi, Ernő Gerő, Mihály Farkas, József Révai
17. Left to right: Wilhelm Pieck, Walter Ulbricht, Otto Grotewohl
18. Bierut (center) receiving congratulations on his sixtieth birthday
THE CHURCH
19. The party makes early concessions to the church: Deputy Defense Minister Jaroszewicz marches alongside the primate, Cardinal August Hlond, in a Corpus Christi procession, 1947.
20. The crackdown begins in Hungary: Cardinal Jószef Mindszenty with an army escort in Budapest, 1947.
THE MEDIA
21. Soviet soldiers distributing newspapers in the eastern zone of Germany, 1945
22. Hungarian peasants gathered around their village radio, 1951
YOUTH
23. The Free German Youth helps to form young minds.
24. The Free German Youth makes good use of its summer vacation.
25. The Union of Polish Youth rebuilds Warsaw.
26. The Union of Polish Youth puts on a gymnastic display.
WORK
27. Polish shock workers in Gdańsk register their daily output.
28. A carefully posed picture intended to educate. Zsófia Tevan and Júlia Kollár, posing for the camera on a building site in Sztálinváros
29. Adolf Hennecke, the German coal miner who dug 287 percent of his production quota, sitting beneath a portrait of himself holding a drill
30. Ignác Pióker, the Hungarian factory worker who achieved 1,470 percent of his production quota (and completed his personal five-year plan four years ahead of schedule)
31. The Palace of Culture, Stalin’s gift to Warsaw
HIGH STALINISM
32. A 1952 Warsaw May Day parade, featuring Stalin and Bierut behind a banner: “Long Live the Avant-Garde of the Working Class, the Leading Force of the Nation, the Polish United Workers’ Party”
33. A 1949 Budapest May Day parade featuring a papier-mâché Lenin
SOCIALIST REALISM
34. A detail from Max Lingner’s mural Aufbau der Republik, 1952
35. András Kocsis at work on his sculpture, “Agricultural Brigade,” 1954
SOCIALIST CITIES
36. The Women’s Construction Brigade, Sztálinváros
37. Young workers on a break, Stalinstadt
BERLIN YOUTH FESTIVAL, 1951
38. Delegates march into the Walter Ulbricht Stadium.
39. A Free German Youth fanfare corps performs.
WARSAW YOUTH FESTIVAL, 1955
40. Spontaneous dancers …
41.… carefully planned displays
REVOLUTIONS
42. Demonstrators throwing stones at Soviet tanks, Berlin, June 17, 1953
43. Carrying away the wounded, Berlin, June 17, 1953
44. Hungarian rebels on a tank, Budapest, October 1956
45. Shots fired at Bierut’s portrait, Poznań, October 1956
46. Soviet tanks return, Budapest, November 4, 1956.
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Also by Anne Applebaum
Gulag: A History
Between East and West: Across the Borderlands of Europe
Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956 Page 78