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58. “Guard, Al Qaeda Chief in Pakistan Killed,” CNN, September 9, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/09/09/pakistan.alqaeda.killed/index.html.
59. “‘Another US Strike’ Hits Pakistan,” BBC News, September 12, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7611721.stm.
60. Ibid.; “Suspected US Missile Kills Twelve in Pakistan,” Standard, September 12, 2008.
61. Ibid.
62. Anwar Iqbal, “Drone Strikes Kill High Value Targets, US Tells Pakistan,” Dawn, February 9, 2009.
63. “Seven Killed in Missile Strike in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, September 17, 2008, http://www.geo.tv/9-17-2008/25085.htm; “Pakistan Helps US Set Up Missile Strike: Source,” Reuters, September 17, 2008.
64. Jeremy Scahill, “The Secret US War in Pakistan,” Nation, November 23, 2009.
65. Julian Barnes and Greg Miller, “Pakistan Gets a Say in Drone Attacks on Militants,” Los Angeles Times, May 13, 2009.
66. Scahill, “Secret US War in Pakistan.”
67. Nicholas Schmidle, “Getting Bin Laden, What Happened That Night in Abbottabad,” New Yorker, August 8, 2011.
68. Ken Dilanian, “US Intensifies Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” Los Angeles Times, September 28, 2010.
69. Noah Shachtman, “US Military Joins CIA’s Drone War in Pakistan,” Danger Room (blog), Wired, December 10, 2009, http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/12/us-military-joins-cias-drone-war-in-pakistan/.
70. “2008: President Zardari Was Willing to Take Heat of ‘Cross-Border Raid,’” Dawn, May 26, 2011.
71. “US Drone Strike Kills Six People,” Telegraph, October 1, 2008.
72. “US Missile Kills 20 in N. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, October 4, 2008, http://www.geo.tv/10-4-2008/26211.htm.
73. “US Missile Kills 6 in Pakistan,” Reuters, October 9, 2008.
74. “US Drone Kills 5 in North Waziristan,” Geo.TV, October 12, 2009.
75. Pir Zubair Shah, “US Strike Is Said to Kill Al Qaeda Figure in Pakistan,” New York Times, October 17, 2008.
76. Pir Zubair Shah, “Airstrike Kills 8 Militants in Pakistan, Villagers Say,” New York Times, October 23, 2008.
77. “Suspected US Strike Kills Eight in South Waziristan,” Geo.TV, October 27, 2008, http://www.geo.tv/10-27-2008/27631.htm.
78. “‘US Strike’ Kills Taleban Leader,” BBC News, October 27, 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7692373.stm.
79. “Suspected Missile Kills Seven in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, October 31, 2008, http://www.geo.tv/10-31-2008/27916.htm.
80. “Al Qaeda Propaganda Chief Killed in Strike: Officials,” Agence France-Presse, November 1, 2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hFRj05wy4-L2HckvAXmlqSQKJ-yQ.
81. “Up to Fourteen Dead in US Missile Strike, Officials,” Agence France-Presse, November 7, 2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jlbsctRKE5_0vBDyyTTr7nkLW0yg.
82. “US Drone Fires Missile into Pakistan, Up to 12 Dead,” Reuters, November 14, 2008.
83. “US Drone Strike Kills 12 in Pakistan,” Times, November 14, 2008; “US Drone Attack in Miranshah Kills 11,” Geo.TV, November 14, 2008.
84. “US Drone Strike Kills 12 in Pakistan.”
85. Bob Woodward, Obama’s Wars (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), 26.
86. “Good Riddance,” Daily Times, January 21, 2010.
87. Hassan Zaidi, “Army Chief Wanted More Drone Support,” Dawn, May 20, 2011.
88. Ibid.
89. Tim Lister, “WikiLeaks: Pakistan Quietly Approved Drone Attacks, US Special Units,” CNN, December 2, 2010, http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/12/01/wikileaks.pakistan.drones/index.html.
90. “US Drone Strikes Fail to Mobilize Pakistan Masses,” Dawn, October 10, 2011.
91. Tayyab Siddiqui, “Pakistan’s Drone Dilema,” Dawn, July 18, 2010.
92. “Wikileaks: Gilani Open to Strikes on ‘Right People,’” Express Tribune, December 1, 2010.
93. Gul, Most Dangerous Place, 206.
94. Karman Yousef, “Denying Wikileak Disclosure: Kayani Sought US Drone Support Only for Surveillance,” Express Tribune, May 21, 2011.
95. Los Angeles Times, cited in “US Drones Back Up Pakistani Offensive,” Newser.com, October 23, 2009, http://www.newser.com/story/72428/us-drones-back-up-pakistani-offensive.html.
96. “Wikileaks: Kayani Wanted More Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” Express Tribune, May 20, 2011.
97. Gul, Most Dangerous Place, 216–17.
98. Matthew Rosenberg, Siobhan Gorman, and Jay Solomon, “Pakistan Lends Support for US Missile Strikes,” Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2009.
99. Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedemann, “The Drone War: Are Predators Our Best Option or Our Worst Enemy?” New Republic, June 3, 2009.
100. “US Officials Working to Sway Hearts and Minds in Islamabad,” Eurasia Insight, July 8, 2009.
101. “US Drone Attack Kills Four Militants in Pakistan,” ThaiIndian.com, November 19, 2008.
102. “Suspected US Missile Kills 3 in Pakistan,” CNN, November 29, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/29/pakistan.missile/index.html.
103. “Transatlantic Plot (2006),” New York Times, July 8, 2010.
104. “US Kills Alleged Transatlantic Plot Leader, Report Says,” Guardian, November 22, 2008.
105. “Suspected Missile Kills 3 in Pakistan.”
106. “Suspected US Drone in Pakistan Kills 7,” Reuters, December 12, 2008.
107. “US Drone Strike Kills Two in Waziristan,” Geo.TV, December 15, 2008.
108. “At Least Eight Killed in Suspected Drone Attack in Pakistan,” VOAnews.com, December 22, 2008; “At Least Eight Dead in Missile Strike, Officials,” Times of India, December 22, 2008.
109. Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedemann, The Drone War (Washington, DC: New America Foundation, June 3, 2009).
110. “Drone Attacks in Pakistan,” BuzzPK, March 17, 2010, http://www.buzzpk.com/drone-attacks-in-pakistan/.
7. WHO IS BEING KILLED IN THE DRONE STRIKES?
1. Jeffrey Smith, Candace Rondeaux, and Joby Warrick, “2 US Airstrikes Offer Concrete Sign of Obama’s Pakistan Policy,” Washington Post, January 24, 2009.
2. Ibid.; “President Obama Orders Drone Attacks,” Times, January 23, 2009.
3. Tara McKelvey, “Covering Obama’s Secret War,” Columbia Journalism Review, May–June 2011.
4. “Obama Is the Rambo of Drone Warfare,” Nation, October 3, 2011.
5. Roggio and Mayer, “Charting the Data for US Airstrikes in Pakistan.”
6. “Drones and the Man,” Economist, July 30, 2011.
7. Entous, Gorman, and Barnes, “US Tightens Drone Rules.”
8. Jessica Yellin, “Drone Program Something You ‘Struggle With’ Obama Says,” Political Ticker (blog), CNN, September 10, 2012, http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/10/drone-program-something-you-struggle-with-obama-says/.
9. Gul, Most Dangerous Place, xxv.
10. Daniel Klaidman, Kill or Capture: The War on Terror and the Soul of the Obama Presidency (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012), 118.
11. Bill Adair, “In 2008 Obama Vowed to Kill Osama Bin Laden,” Tampa Bay Times, May 1, 2011.
12. Joby Warrick, “Jan. 1 Attack by CIA Killed Two Leaders of Al Qaeda,” Washington Post, January 9, 2009; “5 Killed in South Waziristan as US Drone Fired 3 Missiles in Karkot,” Nation, January 27, 2009.
13. For a summary of all HVTs killed in the drone campaign, see Bill Roggio and Alexander Mayer’s useful archive “Senior al Qaeda and Taliban Leaders Killed in US Airstrikes in Pakistan, 2004–2013,” Long War Journal, http://www.longwarjournal.org/pakistan-strikes-hvts.php (accessed February 2013).
14. For an excellent account of the IMU, see Ahmed Rashid’s book Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002).
15. Daniel Witter, Uzbek Militancy in Pakistan’s Tribal Region (Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of War, January 27, 2011).
16. S. H. Khan, “US Strike Kills
Eight Taliban in Pakistan, Officials,” Agence France-Presse, August 27, 2009, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gN_YaxdMssvvnU_CgoXAjjV-ZaMA.
17. “Frankfurt Airport Terror Plan ‘Massive,’” Herald Sun, September 5, 2007.
18. “U.S.: Senior Al Qaeda Planner Likely Killed,” CNN, December 11, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/11/pakistan.qaeda.operative/index.html.
19. Griff Witte, “U.S. Drone Strikes Kill 16 in Pakistani Region Thought to Be Al-Qaeda Home Base,” Washington Post, December 18, 2009.
20. “Leading Taliban Leader Haji Omar Killed in Drone Strike,” Free Library, December 31, 2009, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Leading+Taliban+leader+Haji+Omar+killed+in+drone+attacks.-a0216247579.
21. Mary Louise Kelly, “Bin Laden Son Reported Killed in Pakistan,” National Public Radio, July 22, 2009, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106903109.
22. Greg Miller, “Increased Drone Strikes in Pakistan Killing Few High Value Militants,” Washington Post, February 21, 2011.
23. Joby Warrick, “Attack by CIA Killed Two Leaders of Al Qaeda,” Washington Post, January 9, 2009.
24. “Four Killed in Drone Attack in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, January 2, 2009.
25. “Twenty Killed in US Drone Strike in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, January 23, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/1-23-2009/33388.htm.
26. “President Obama Orders Drone Attacks,” Times, January 23, 2009.
27. Pir Zubair Shah, “US Missile Strike Kills 25 Militants in Pakistan,” Reuters, February 14, 2009; Pir Zubair Shah, “US Airstrike Kills 30 in Pakistan,” New York Times, February 14, 2009.
28. “US Missile Attack Kills 30 in Kurram Agency,” Geo.TV, February 16, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/2-16-2009/35249.htm.
29. Pir Zubair Shah, “US Missiles Hit Militants in Pakistan Killing Eight,” New York Times, March 1, 2009.
30. “Suspected US Missile Kills 14 in Pakistan,” Reuters, March 12, 2009.
31. “US Drone Kills Five in Pakistan,” BBC News, March 16, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7945404.stm.
32. “Eight Killed in US Drone Attack in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, March 25, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/3-25-2009/38186.htm; Bill Roggio, “US Airstrike Kills 8 in Baitullah Mehsud’s Hometown,” Long War Journal, March 25, 2009, http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/03/us_airstike_kills_8.php.
33. “US Drone Attack Kills 5 in S. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, March 26, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/3-26-2009/38239.htm.
34. “Many Killed in US Drone Attack,” BBC News, April 1, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7975871.stm.
35. “Suspected US Strike Kills 13 in Pakistan,” Agence France-Presse, April 3, 2009; “13 Killed in US Drone Attack in Miramshah,” Geo.TV, April 4, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/4-4-2009/39021.htm.
36. “US Drone Kills 3 in South Waziristan,” Geo.TV, April 8, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/4-8-2009/39356.htm; “Pakistan Reports 4 Dead in Suspected US Strike,” VOA News, April 8, 2009.
37. “Three Suspected Dead in US Strike in Pakistan,” Agence France-Presse, April 19, 2009; “Suspected US Drone Kills 3 in Pakistan,” CNN, April 19, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/19/pakistan.drone/index.html.
38. “Suspected Missile Strike Kills 6 in Pakistan,” Agence France-Presse, April 29, 2009.
39. “Scores Dead as Drone Hits Mehsud Stronghold,” Daily Times, May 10, 2009.
40. “Drone Kills Eight in Pakistan,” BBC News, May 12, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8045106.stm.
41. “Deaths in US Drone Raid in Pakistan,” Al Jazeera, May 16, 2009; “Suspected Drone Missile Attack in Pakistan Kills 10,” VOA News, May 16, 2009, http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-2009-05-16-voa6-68643297/353852.html.
42. “13 Killed in Separate Attacks in Pakistan,” CNN, June 14, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/06/14/pakistan.bomb/index.html.
43. “Air Raid Kills 9 in Pakistan,” BBC News, June 18, 2009.
44. “Five Killed in S. Waziristan Drone Strike,” Geo.TV, June 18, 2009.
45. “Suspected US Missile Strike Kills 17 in Pakistan,” Agence France-Presse, June 22, 2009.
46. Ibid.; “US Missile Kills 51 in South Waziristan,” Daily Times, June 24, 2009; “US Strikes Kill Dozens in Taliban Heartlands,” Agence France-Presse, June 22, 2009; Pir Zubair Shah and Salman Masood, “US Drone Strike Said to Kill 60 in Pakistan,” New York Times, June 23, 2009; Nic Robertson, “Taliban Defector Killed in Pakistan,” CNN, June 23, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/06/23/pakistan.unrest/index.html; “US Drone Kills Scores of People in Pakistan Tribal Region,” Sunday Times, June 25, 2009.
47. “13 Killed in US Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” Geo.TV, July 3, 2009; Pir Zubair Shah and Ismail Khan, “Pakistan Army Crash Kills 26,” New York Times, July 3, 2009.
48. “Deaths in Pakistan Missile Strike,” Al Jazeera, July 8, 2009.
49. “Drones Kill Dozens in Pakistan,” BBC News, July 8, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8139739.stm.
50. “17 Killed as One More Drone Strike Hits SWA,” Geo.TV, July 8, 2009.
51. “Drone Strike Kills 8 in S. Waziristan,” Daily Times, July 11, 2009.
52. “US Missile Strike Kills 5 in Pakistan,” CBC News, July 17, 2009, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2009/07/17/pakistan-bomb-blasts-oil-tankers.html.
53. “SWA Attack Kills 12 Extremists,” Geo.TV, August 11, 2009.
54. Pir Zubair Shah and Lydia Polgreen, “US Drone Strike Kills 12 in Pakistan Border Region,” New York Times, August 21, 2009.
55. “US Strike Kills Eight Taliban in Pakistan, Officials,” Agence France-Presse, August 27, 2009, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gN_YaxdMssvvnU_CgoXAjjV-ZaMA.
56. “Deaths in US Drone Raid,” Al Jazeera, September 7, 2009; “Five Die in Pakistan Drone Strike,” BBC News, September 8, 2009.
57. “Missile Strike in Northwest Pakistan Kills 10,” VOA News, September 8, 2009.
58. “US Drone Attack Kills 4 in Pakistan, Officials,” Agence France-Presse, September 13, 2009; “US Drone Attack Kills 8 in N. Waziristan,” Geo.TV, September 14, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/9-14-2009/49185.htm.
59. “Drone Targets Militant Stronghold,” BBC News, September 25, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8273997.stm.
60. Agence France-Presse, “Five Taliban Killed in US Strike in Pak,” Free Library, September 29, 2009, http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Five+Taliban+killed+in+US+strike+in+Pak%3A+officials-a01612009960.
61. “Second Drone Attack Kills 7 in N. Waziristan,” Nation (Pakistan), September 29, 2009.
62. Ibid.
63. “Suspected US Drone Kills 8 in Pakistan,” Reuters, September 30, 2009.
64. Agence France-Presse, “US Strike on Suspected Militant Hideout in Pakistan,” Jakarta Globe, October 15, 2009, http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/afp/us-strike-on-suspected-militant-hideout-in-pakistan/335649.
65. Hasbanullah Khan, “22 Killed as Drone Targets Taliban Shura Meeting in Bajaur,” Daily Times, October 25, 2009.
66. “US Drone Kills Four in NWA,” Geo.TV, November 5, 2009.
67. “US Drone Attack Kills 4 in NWA,” Geo.TV, November 19, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/11-19-2009/53188.htm.
68. “Pakistan Drone Attack Kills Eight Suspected Militants,” BBC News, November 20, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8369795.stm.
69. “Suspected U.S. Missile Strike in Pakistan,” Reuters, December 7, 2009.
70. “US Drone Strike Kills 3 in Miranshah,” Geo.TV, December 8, 2010.
71. “15 Killed in Pakistan Drone Strikes,” CNN, December 17, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/17/pakistan.drone/index.html.
72. “‘Twelve Killed’ in US Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” BBC News, December 17, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8417756.stm.
73. “NWA Drone Strike Kills Eight,” Daily Times, December 19, 2009.
74. “US Drone Strike Kills 13 in Saidgi Village: Security Officials,” Nation (
Pakistan), December 27, 2009.
75. “Missile Strike Kills 3 Militants in N Waziristan,” Geo.TV, December 31, 2009, http://www.geo.tv/12-31-2009/55944.htm.
76. “US Censures Report on Drone Casualties,” Al Jazeera, August 13, 2011, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2011/08/20118137276488676.html.
77. Scott Shane, “CIA Is Disputed on Civilian Toll in Drone Strikes,” New York Times, August 11, 2011.
78. “Obama Administration Counter-Terrorism Strategy,” C-Span, June 29, 2011, http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/AdministrationCo.
79. Dan Robinson, “Obama Remark on Drone Strikes in Pakistan Stirs Controversy,” VOA News, January 31, 2012, http://www.voanews.com/content/pakistan-repeats-condemnation-of-drone-strikes-138417439/151386.html.
80. Karen De Young, “After Remarks on Drones, White House Rebuffs Security Questions,” Washington Post, January 31, 2012.
81. Shane, “CIA to Expand Use of Drones in Pakistan.”
82. Ibid.
83. Tim Capaccio and Jeff Bliss, “US Said to Decrease Civilian Deaths after Increasing CIA Pakistan Strikes,” Bloomberg, January 31, 2011.
84. Jeremy Scahill, “Georgetown Professor: Drones Are Not Killing Innocent Civilians in Pakistan,” Nation, Mary 10, 2010.
85. Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedemann, “The Hidden War,” Foreign Policy, December 10, 2010.
86. Peter Bergen and Katherine Tiedemann, The Year of the Drone: An Analysis of Drone Strikes in Pakistan, 2004–2011 (Washington, DC: New America Foundation, August 2, 2011), http://counterterrorism.newamerica.net/drones.
87. Peter Bergen and Jennifer Rowland, “Civilian Casualties Plummet in Drone Strikes,” CNN, July 14, 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/13/opinion/bergen-civilian-casualties.
88. Eric Schmitt and Christopher Drew, “More Drone Attacks in Pakistan Planned,” New York Times, April 6, 2009.
89. Shane, “CIA to Expand Use of Drones in Pakistan.”
90. Cloud, “CIA Drones Have Broader List of Targets.”
91. Capaccio and Bliss, “US Said to Reduce Civilian Deaths.”
92. Peter Finn and Joby Warrick, “Under Panetta a More Aggressive CIA,” Washington Post, March 21, 2010.
93. Sean Sullivan, “Panetta Defends Drone Strikes,” Washington Post, February 3, 2013.