Robertson, Cornelia
Robertson, Pepper
“Rock of Ages”
Rockefeller, Nelson A.
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano III
Roots (TV)
Rubin, Larry
Ruleville, Mississippi
Fourth of July in
Freedom School in
Russell, Bill
Russell, Richard
Salinger, Pierre
Samstein, Mendy
San Francisco Chronicle
Saturday Evening Post
Savio, Mario
Schwerner, Anne:
and search for her son
son’s body discovered
and son’s funeral
Schwerner, Michael:
arrest and release of
civil rights involvement of
discovery of body
extermination order on
false reports about
memorials for
missing, see three missing men
personal traits of
threats to
Schwerner, Nathan:
and murder trial
and search for his son
son’s body discovered
Schwerner, Rita:
civil rights activism of
at Democratic Convention
husband missing
husband’s body discovered
in later years
and LBJ
and memories of Michael
and murder trial
Scott, Dred
Seeger, Pete
segregation
and censorship
and civil rights, see civil rights movement
and court system
economic backups of
Jim Crow
and media
as “the Negro problem”
post-World War II
segregation (cont.)
and “redneck boys”
and Supreme Court
threats and violence
White Citizens’ Councils
as “White Man’s Burden”
“Whites Only” signs
Sellers, Cleveland
sharecropping system
Sharkey County, Mississippi
Shaw, Mississippi
Sherman, William Tecumseh
Shetterly, Jay
Sias, Henry
Silver, James
Mississippi: The Closed Society
Simmons, William
Simone, Nina
Simpson, Ivesta
Sinatra, Frank
sit-ins
Sitton, Claude
Smith, Frank
Smith, Hazel Brannon
“Sojourner Motor Fleet”
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Spain, David
Staples Singers
Stennis, John
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC):
and African trip
anthem “We’ll Never Turn Back”
black leaders developed in
coming apart
and Democratic Convention
and end of Freedom Summer
FBI wiretap on
formation of
founding statement of
and Freedom Day
and Freedom Party
and Freedom Rides
and Freedom Schools
and Freedom Summer; see also Freedom Summer
f und-raising
group-centered leadership in
lawsuits instituted by
nonviolence debates in
opening offices of
public relations efforts of
qualities of members
resentment against outsiders
reunion of
security handbooks of
and sex
stories told by
threats and hate mail to
and three missing men
volunteers trained by
whites expelled from
student protests
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Sullivan, Joseph
Supreme Court, U.S.:
and integration
and Neshoba murder case
and voting rights
Sweeney, Dennis
Tallahatchie County, Mississippi
Third World movements
“This Little Light of Mine”
Thompson, Allen
Thoreau, Henry David
three missing men:
arrests and release of
bodies discovered
burial site
case reopened
in county jail
demonstrations and vigils for
early inquiries about
false reports about
families of
and FBI, see FBI
first alarms about
funerals of
hoax assumed by locals
and the Klan
and media
memories of
murder of
murder trials about
photos of
rumors of murder
search for
station wagon of
suspects in case of
as symbol
witnesses’ stories about
Till, Emmett:
memory of
murder of
Tillinghast, Holly
Tillinghast, Muriel:
building courage
family background of
fears of
and Freedom Day
and Greenville office
influence of
in later years
and Non-Violent Action Group (NAG)
and SNCC politics
traveling south
in volunteer training
Tobis, Heather
Today (TV)
Toliver, Gladys
Tolkien, J. R. R., Fellowship of the Ring
“Too Many Martyrs”
Touré, Sékou
Travis, Brenda
Travis, Jimmie
Truth, Sojourner
Tubman, Harriet
Tullahoma Hardshells
Turnbow, Hartman
Turnbow, “Sweets”
United Auto Workers
United Farmworkers of America
University of California at Berkeley
Vardaman, James K.
Vicksburg, Mississippi:
Civil War battle in
Freedom House in
King’s visit to
Miss Mississippi pageant in
violence in
Vicksburg Post
Vietnam War
Village Voice
volunteers:
arrests of
black vs. white
books read by
changed lives of
in community centers
and Democratic Convention
disillusionment of
fears of
and first day of Freedom Summer
and Fourth of July
hate stares directed at
hospitality toward
and host families
idealism of
interviews of
as invaders
in later years
leaving
and legislation
letters home
media interviews of
numbers of
at Ole Miss
parents of
plea for federal protection of
praise for
radio network for
recruitment of
returning home
reunions of
risks assumed by
settling in
and sex
“sharing the terror”
staying on
as teachers
threats against
training of
traveling south
violence against
> for voter registration
wearing out their welcome
as writers
see also specific volunteers
voter registration
classes for
on Freedom Days
for Freedom Democrats
lawsuits filed
at night
numbers of
obstacles to
post-World War II
repeated attempts for
resistance to
successes of
and violence
volunteer work on
voting rights
congressional challenge to
denied to blacks
and Reconstruction
and Supreme Court
Voting Rights Act (1965)
“Wade in the Water”
Wallace, George
Wall Street Journal
War for Southern Independence (Civil War)
Warren, Earl
Washington, Booker T.
Washington Post
Waters, Muddy
Watkins, Hollis
Weaver, Claude
“Wednesdays in Mississippi”
“We’ll Never Turn Back”
Welty, Eudora
“We Shall Overcome”
Western College for Women, Oxford, Ohio
Wetmore, Linda
“What a Beautiful City”
White Citizens’ Councils
White Folks Project
White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of Mississippi
“Whites Only” signs
Wilkins, Roy
Williams, Chris
attacks on
and COFO
and Democratic Convention
on first day of Freedom Summer
and host families
in later years
letters home
and media stories
and Penny
personal traits of
settling in
threats against
in training program
traveling south
volunteering for Freedom Summer
and voter registration
Williams, Jean
Williams, Myrlie Evers
Williams, Roosevelt (fict.)
Williams, Rosa Lee
Williams, Tennessee
Winn, Fred:
carpentry work of
decision to stay in Mississippi
in Indianola
in later years
letters home from
marriages of
memories of
name changed by
and nights
in San Francisco
in Shaw, Mississippi
writing his will
women’s movement
Woodward. Vann
Wright, Richard
Black Boy
Yancey, Wayne
Young, Andrew
Zellner, Bob
Zinn, Howard
Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint excerpts from the following copyrighted works:
“A Change Is Gonna Come,” words and music by Sam Cooke. © 1964 (renewed) ABKCO Music, Inc. All rights reserved. Used by permission of Alfred Publishing Co., Inc.
“They Say That Freedom Is a Constant Sruggle” by Guy and Candie Carawan and “We’ll Never Turn Back” by Bertha Gober from Sing for Freedom: The Story of the Civil Rights Movement Through Its Songs by Guy and Candie Carawan, published by NewSouth Books (2008). Reprinted by permission of the publisher.
Intruder in the Dust and The Unvanquished by William Faulkner (Random House).
Jordan County by Shelby Foote. Copyright 1954 and copyright renewed 1982 by Shelby Foote. Used by permission of Random House, Inc.
Mississippi Harmony: Memoirs of a Freedom Fighter by Winson Hudson and Constance Curry. By permission of Palgrave Macmillan.
“Cross Road Blues (Crossroads)” words and music by Robert Johnson. Copyright © (1978), 1990, 1991 MPCA King of Spades (SESAC) and Claud L. Johnson (SESAC). Administered by MPCA Music, LLC. All rights reserved.
“Healing River” by Fran Minkoff and Fred Hellerman. © Copyright 1964 (renewed) by Appleseed Music Inc. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody. Copyright © 1968 by Anne Moody. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
“Here’s to the State of Mississippi,” words and music by Phil Ochs. © 1966 (renewed) by WB Music Corp. (ASCAP). All rights reserved.
Lanterns on the Levee by William Alexander Percy (Alfred A. Knopf).
“For My People” from This Is My Century: New and Collected Poems by Margaret Walker. By permission of the University of Georgia Press.
The Eye of the Story by Eudora Welty. Copyright © 1978 by Eudora Welty. Used by permission of Random House, Inc.
“Facts About Me” from Where I Live by Tennessee Williams. Copyright © 1978 by The University of the South. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corp.
Black Boy by Richard Wright. Copyright 1937, 1942, 1944, 1945 by Richard Wright; renewed © 1973 by Ellen Wright. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers.
Freedom Summer Page 48