143. Woodruff, Vessel, 95.
144. Koschorrek, Blood Red Snow, 172–73.
145. Leckie, Helmet, 307–8.
146. Burgett, Seven Roads, 14–15.
147. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 106.
148. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 118.
149. Quoted in Bergerud, Touched with Fire, 362.
150. Leckie, Helmet, 232–33.
151. Quoted in Ellis, On the Front Lines, 56.
152. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 105.
153. Quoted in Bergerud, Touched with Fire, 361.
154. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 176.
155. Albert E. Cowdrey, Fighting for Life: American Military Medicine in World War II (New York: Free Press, 1994), 252.
156. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 136.
157. Litwak, Medic, 36.
158. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 135.
159. Webster, Parachute Infantry, 56.
160. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 41.
161. Manchester, Goodbye, 376–77.
162. Fussell, Doing Battle, 126.
163. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 120.
164. Ellis, On the Front Lines, 13.
165. Ibid., 305.
166. Quoted in ibid., 304.
167. Webster, Parachute Infantry, 210.
168. Quoted in Kennett, G.I., 134.
169. Litwak, Medic, 74.
170. Bowlby, Recollections, 64.
171. Burgett, Seven Roads, 240.
172. Webster, Parachute Infantry, 364–66.
173. Robert “Doc Joe” Franklin, Medic!: How I Fought World War II with Morphine, Sulfa, and Iodine Swabs (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006), 24.
174. Siegfried Knappe with Ted Brusaw, Soldat: Reflections of a German Soldier, 1936–1949 (New York: Dell, 1992), 225.
175. Quoted in Aldrich, Witness to War, 626–29.
176. Fussell, Doing Battle, 136.
177. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 322.
178. Merridale, Ivan’s War, 193.
179. Louis Simpson, “The Runner,” from A Dream of Governors (1959), in Selected Poems (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), 60.
180. Quoted in Aldrich, Witness, 474.
181. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 158.
182. Quoted in Bergerud, Touched with Fire, 380.
183. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 97–98.
184. Kennett, G.I., 176; and Cowdrey, Fighting for Life, 83.
185. Ellis, On the Front Lines, 96.
186. Fussell, Doing Battle, 137.
187. Leckie, Helmet, 63.
188. Fraser, Quartered Safe, 151–52.
189. Woodruff, Vessel, 104–6.
190. Fussell, Doing Battle, 138.
191. Quoted in Ellis, On the Front Lines, 221.
192. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 249.
193. Both quotes in Ellis, On the Front Lines, 98.
194. Quoted in ibid., 208.
195. Quoted in Grossman, Writer at War, 96.
196. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 38.
197. Leckie, Helmet, 104–5.
198. Quoted in Lewin, Voices from the War, 320–21.
199. Burgett, Seven Roads, 19.
200. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 282–83.
201. Bowlby, Recollections, 196.
202. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 152.
203. Quoted in ibid., 154.
204. Quoted in ibid., 282.
205. Burgett, Currahee!, 149.
206. Manchester, Goodbye, 246.
207. Fraser, Quartered Safe, 192.
208. Quoted in McManus, Deadly Brotherhood, 237.
209. Quoted in ibid., 109.
210. Quoted in ibid.
211. Fraser, Quartered Safe, 118.
212. Gantter, Roll Me Over, 172–73.
213. Manchester, Goodbye, 5–7.
214. Quoted in Lewin, War on Land, 116–17.
CHAPTER EIGHT
1. Jonathan Shay, Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character (New York: Scribner, 1994), 138.
2. Christian G. Appy, Vietnam: The Definitive Oral History Told from All Sides (London: Ebury, 2003), 163.
3. Andrew Wiest and M. K. Barbier, Infantry Warfare: The Theory and Practice of Infantry Combat in the 20th Century (Minneapolis: MBI, 2002), 154.
4. US Department of Defense figures. Interestingly, no number is posted for Iraqi casualties. Given the enormous disparity of casualties, the DoD merely states, perhaps a little coyly, that “42 divisions were made combat ineffective.”
5. According to Norwich University Master of Arts in Military History website, http://www.u-s-history.com.
6. Quoted in James R. Ebert, A Life in a Year: The American Infantryman in Vietnam (New York: Ballantine, 1993), 363.
7. David Bellavia, House to House (New York: Pocket Star, 2007), 20.
8. Doug Beattie, An Ordinary Soldier (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 77.
9. Quoted in Eric M. Bergerud, Red Thunder, Tropic Lightning: The World of a Combat Division in Vietnam (New York: Penguin, 1993), 30.
10. Appy, Vietnam, 446–48. Two marines were sentenced to five years (later reduced); one of them later committed suicide.
11. Michael R. Gordon and General Bernard E. Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (New York: Pantheon, 2006), 259.
12. Quoted in ibid., 222.
13. Quoted in ibid., 223.
14. Quoted in The New Yorker, June 12, 2006, 124.
15. Donovan Campbell, Joker One: A Marine Platoon’s Story of Courage, Leadership, and Brotherhood (New York: Random House, 2009), 70.
16. Quoted in Edward F. Murphy, Semper Fi Vietnam: From Da Nang to the DMZ: Marine Corps Campaigns, 1965–1975 (New York: Presidio,1997), 6.
17. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 95.
18. Quoted in Col. David H. Hackworth, Steel My Soldiers’ Hearts (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), 61.
19. Ibid., 20.
20. Ebert, Life in a Year, 324.
21. Beattie, Ordinary Soldier, 150.
22. Ibid., 152.
23. Quoted in Appy, Vietnam, 17.
24. S. L. A. Marshall, Vietnam: Three Battles (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 1982), 3. First published as Fields of Bamboo: Three Battles Just Beyond the China Seas (New York: Dial, 1971). Captain Beattie in his account of his service in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, recounts how he called in a B-1 strike to kill one insurgent: “I thought about what I was about to do. Use 500 lbs of high explosive to destroy a small hut and in doing so finish off one man. What had happened to my compassion? … Was I any better than the Luftwaffe pilot who strafes the helpless British aviator floating to the ground by parachute after being shot down?” In Beattie, Ordinary Soldier, 188.
25. Quoted in Andrew Carroll, ed., War Letters: Extraordinary Correspondence from American Wars (New York: Scribner, 2001), 432.
26. Ebert, Life in a Year, 156.
27. Quoted in Mark Baker, ed., Nam: The Vietnam War in the Words of the Soldiers Who Fought There (New York: Berkley, 1983), 214.
28. Appy, Vietnam, 254.
29. Karl Marlantes, Matterhorn (New York: El León Literary Arts/Atlantic Monthly Press, 2010), 46.
30. Hackworth, Steel My Soldiers’ Hearts, 60.
31. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 143–44.
32. Joel Turnipseed, Baghdad Express: A Gulf War Memoir (New York: Penguin, 2003), 144–46.
33. Quoted in Henry Steele Commager and Richard B. Morris, The Spirit of ’Seventy-Six: The Story of the American Revolution as Told by Its Participants (New York: Harper and Row, 1958), 1225.
34. Beattie, Ordinary Soldier, 194.
35. Tobias Wolff, In Pharaoh’s Army: Memoirs of the Lost War (New York: Vintage, 1994), 7.
36. US National Archives & Records Administration, http://www.archives.gov/research/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics.
37. Ebert, Life in a Year, 235.
38. Operation Enduring Freedom, http://icasualties.org/oef/.
39. Lester W. Gran, William A. Jorgenson, and Robert R. Love, “Guerrilla Warfare and Land Mine Casualties Remain Inseparable,” U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, October–December 1998: 10–16.
40. Captain Francis J. West Jr., Small Unit Action in Vietnam: Summer 1966 (New York: Arno, 1967), 1.
41. Ibid., 3.
42. Ronald J. Glasser, 365 Days (New York: Braziller, 1971), 19–20.
43. Baker, Nam, 96–98.
44. Quoted in Ebert, Life in a Year, 242.
45. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 198–99.
46. Ibid., 241.
47. Wolff, Pharaoh’s Army, 4.
48. Quoted in Ebert, Life in a Year, 246–47.
49. Hackworth, Steel My Soldiers’ Hearts, 17.
50. Quoted in Ebert, Life in a Year, 177.
51. Quoted in Luke Mogelson, “A Beast in the Heart,” New York Times Magazine, May 1, 2011, 37.
52. Quoted in Shay, Achilles in Vietnam, 138–39.
53. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 118–19.
54. Campbell, Joker, 107.
55. Sean Michael Flynn, The Fighting 69th: One Remarkable National Guard Unit’s Journey from Ground Zero to Baghdad (New York: Viking, 2007), 232.
56. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 125.
57. Quoted in Appy, Vietnam, 245.
58. Quoted in Carroll, Letters, 388.
59. Quoted in Baker, Nam, 279.
60. Bellavia, House to House, 153.
61. Quoted in Baker, Nam, 135.
62. Quoted in ibid., 184.
63. Bellavia, House to House, 17–18.
64. Ibid., 262–68.
65. Hackworth, Steel My Soldiers’ Hearts, 132.
66. Quoted in Baker, Nam, 59.
67. Quoted in Bergerud, Red Thunder, 211.
68. Quoted in Appy, Vietnam, 136.
69. Quoted in Carroll, Letters, 441–42.
APPENDIX
1. Quoted in Albert E. Cowdrey, Fighting for Life: American Military Medicine in World War II (New York: Free Press, 1994), 118.
2. Quoted in Naythons, Sherwin B. Nuland, and Stanley Burns, The Face of Mercy: A Photographic History of Medicine at War (New York: Random House, 1993), 99.
3. Harold L. Peterson, The Book of the Continental Soldier (Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1968), 172.
4. Maurice Fishbein, MD, ed., Doctors at War (New York: Dutton, 1945), 174.
5. Naythons, Nuland, and Burns, Face of Mercy, 232.
6. Quoted in ibid., 20.
7. Sylvia R. Frey, The British Soldier in America (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981), 48.
8. Quoted in Erna Risch, Supplying Washington’s Army (Washington DC: Center of Millitary History, US Army, 1981), 374.
9. Quoted in Julian Spilsbury, The Thin Red Line: An Eyewitness History of the Crimean War (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2005), 101.
10. George Washington Adams, Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1952), 72.
11. John T. Greenwood and F. Clifton Berry Jr., Medics at War: Military Medicine from Colonial Times to the 21st Century (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005), 26.
12. Naythons, Nuland, and Burns, Face of Mercy, 34.
13. Adams, Doctors in Blue, 91.
14. Naythons, Nuland, and Burns, Face of Mercy, 237.
15. Cowdrey, Fighting for Life, 119.
16. Greenwood, Medics at War, 104.
17. Cowdrey, Fighting for Life, 119.
18. “The Ghastly Work of the Field Surgeons,” Shotgun’s Home of the American Civil War, http://www.civilwarhome.com/fieldsurgeons.htm.
19. Adams, Doctors in Blue, 139.
20. Ibid., 140.
21. Ibid., 143.
22. Greenwood, Medics at War, 30.
23. “Report on Gangrene by A. Thornburgh, Assistant Surgeon, Provisional Army, C.S., C.S. Military Prison Hospital, Andersonville, Ga.,” Shotgun’s Home of the American Civil War, http://www.civilwarhome.com/andersonvillegangrene.htm.
24. Ibid.
25. Adams, Doctors in Blue, 129.
26. Richard Holmes, Redcoat: The British Soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket, (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001), 249.
27. Naythorns, Nuland, and Burns, Face of Mercy, 84.
28. Greenwood, Medics at War, 30.
29. Margaret E. Wagner, ed., The Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002), 634.
30. Naythorns, Nuland, and Burns, Face of Mercy, 34.
31. Quoted in ibid., 64.
32. Quoted in George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, Rebels & Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those Who Fought and Lived It (New York: World, 1957), 239.
33. Kathy L. Ryan et al., “Overview of the Homeostasis Research Program: Advances and Future Directions,” Army Medical Department Journal, July–September 2003: 1.
34. Cowdrey, Fighting for Life, 171.
35. Ibid., 172.
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