Gallipoli

Home > Other > Gallipoli > Page 66
Gallipoli Page 66

by Peter Hart


  Second Afghan War (1878-80) 46

  Second Battle of Ypres (1915) 179

  Second Ridge 79, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 99, 100, 101, 111, 117, 180, 181, 188, 189, 505

  Second World War 460–62

  Sedd el Bahr (Fort No.3) and village 13, 24, 27, 28, 67, 139, 140, 146, 150, 153, 155, 159, 162–63, 164, 211, 213, 214, 224, 231, 256, 265, 433, 439, 444, 456, 503

  Sefik, Lieutenant Colonel Mehmet 76, 80, 90–93, 95, 99, 110, 193, 323

  Seldon, Lieutenant 297, 298

  Semerely Tepe 79

  Senftleben, Major 439

  Serafim Farm, Kilid Bahr Plateau 60, 123, 208, 287

  Serbia 2, 3, 4, 387

  Sevastopol 13

  Seven Years War (1756-63) 1

  Shaw, Major Harold 134, 135–36

  Shaw-Stewart, Sub Lieutenant Patrick 53–54

  Sheldon, Private Ridley 224, 226, 244–45, 391

  Shell Green 117

  Shrapnel Gully 87, 103, 106, 115, 181, 226

  Shrapnel Valley 100, 506

  Sillery, Major 336, 341

  Simpson, John (the ‘Man with the Donkey’) 505

  Simpson-Baikie, Brigadier General Sir Hugh 459

  Sinai Desert 18, 22, 23

  Sinclair-MacLagan, Colonel Ewen 78–79, 88–89, 90, 99, 188

  Sinfield, Private Ben 29

  Sitwell, Brigadier General William 345, 350, 354

  Skeen, Brigadier General Andrew 279, 292, 313

  Skyros island 54, 55

  Smith, Captain Bertram 27, 33–34, 64, 211–12

  Smith, ‘Gunboat’ 374

  Smyth, General, VC 302

  Sodenstern, Colonel von 209, 215

  Soganlidere 208

  Somme, Battle of the (1916) 333, 450, 451

  Sorley-Brown, Lieutenant William 437

  Souchon, Rear Admiral Wilhelm 9–13

  South Atlantic Squadron (British) 14

  Sphinx, the 505

  Staveley, Captain 448

  Steele, Lieutenant Owen 446, 447

  Steele’s Post 308, 309, 422

  Still, Lieutenant John 356

  Stoney, Captain George 165, 166

  Stopford, Lieutenant General Frederick 278, 280, 281, 282, 330, 350, 355, 359, 360, 361, 367, 368, 395

  Stout, Lieutenant Tom 261, 262

  Straw, Lieutenant L.H. 36

  Stretch, Lieutenant Colonel Edward 446–47

  Sublime Porte 3

  Suez Canal 18, 449

  Turkish attack on 18, 22, 23

  importance to British as route to India 18, 22

  AIF and NZEF deployed to ensure its safety 48

  Suffren 13, 33, 36, 37

  Sulajik 355, 358

  Suleyman, Sergeant 86

  Sultan Osman (dreadnought battleship) 8, 9

  Sunata, Lieutenant Ismail 371, 372–73, 377–78

  supply arrangements 234–36

  Susak Kuyu sector 384

  Suvla Bay 66, 67, 391

  Birdwood decides to attack 276

  reconsidered as a landing site 277, 278

  Stopford as an unfortunate choice 278

  plans for 279–83

  weak defence by Anafarta Detachment 282

  inexperienced units to make the new landings 283

  Kemal’s faith in Sefik 323

  British failure to progress as planned 318–19

  Suvla: Turkish disposition 6 August 331

  landings 330–68, 385

  British performance at Suvla 366–67

  11th Division’s frustration and casualties 370

  Munro visits 398

  evacuation of 401, 413–17, 420–21, 436

  winter weather in 402–3

  evacuation achieved without casualties 429

  Suvla Plain 330, 331, 350, 353, 355, 361

  August attacks 369–84

  the final lines 370

  streams capable of flooding 404

  frostbite and hypothermia 408–9

  Suvla Point 280, 339, 506

  Swiftsure (pre-dreadnought) 33, 371

  Sylt island, North Sea 13

  Syria 3, 20, 96

  T

  Table Top 303, 305

  Talaat, Mehmed 3, 7

  Tannenberg, Battle of (1914) 14

  Tasmania Post 202

  Tate, Midshipman Hugh 132–33, 137–38

  Tattersall, Lieutenant Norman 327–28, 393

  Taylor, Sergeant William 334, 337

  Taylor’s Gap 304

  Tekke Bay 265

  Tekke Tepe 280, 281, 282, 330, 354, 355, 356, 360

  Tenedos Island 41, 74, 460

  Tennant, Midshipman Christopher 233

  Thames barges 277

  Thierry, Corporal Charles 256–57

  Third Ridge 88, 89, 91, 93, 115, 118, 204, 385, 456

  Thompson, Sergeant Peter 348–49

  Throssell, Second Lieutenant Hugo, VC 382–84

  Thursby, Admiral Sir Cecil 108–9

  Tigris river expeditions (1915) 18

  Tilney, Lieutenant Colonel Leslie 330

  Tirah Expedition (1897-8) 47

  Tisdall, Sub Lieutenant Arthur 156

  Tizard, Lieutenant Colonel Henry 140, 141, 152, 158–59, 164, 168

  Tripolitania: seized by Italy (1911) 3

  Tripolitanian War 96

  Triumph, HMS 32, 43, 82, 196, 197, 198, 233

  Troubridge, Rear Admiral Ernest 11

  Troy 60, 72

  Tulloch, Captain Eric 93, 97, 98

  Turkey

  partial coup by Young Turks (1908) 2–3, 96

  half-hearted counter-revolution (1909) 3, 96

  Young Turks take control 3

  Italian seizures 3

  political crisis (1912) 3

  defeats in First Balkan War 3

  relationship with Britain 4

  relationship with Germany 5, 6, 7

  unprepared for war 2

  Great Powers’ agenda 2

  modernisation 2, 3, 4

  economy 2, 3

  Sultan Abdul Hamid deposed 3

  neutrality 7, 8, 9, 12

  Russia declares war on (1914) 13

  Britain declares war on 48

  Churchill’s aim to remove Turkey from the war 457

  surrender of (30 October 1918) 456

  Turkish Army

  High Command 58, 67, 95, 306

  Second Army 266, 272

  V Corps 266

  8th Division 266, 323

  10th Division 266

  XIV Corps

  13th Division 266

  14th Division 266

  Third Army 14, 18–19

  IX Corps 18

  Fifth Army 38, 58, 59, 61, 170, 431

  Artillery 38, 59, 265

  cavalry brigade 58, 60

  I Corps

  2nd Division 189

  16th Division 179, 189

  2/47th Regiment 409, 410

  II Corps

  4th Division 323

  5th Division 58, 60, 179, 189, 264, 306

  17th Regiment, 1st Battalion 425

  III Corps 58, 110, 178

  7th Division 58, 60, 176, 179, 209, 213, 239, 323, 353–54

  19th Regiment 361

  9th Division 58, 60, 90, 95, 178, 209, 213, 215, 239, 241, 306, 307, 323

  25th Regiment 60, 161–62, 208

  1st Battalion 123, 124

  3rd Battalion 140

  26th Regiment 60, 144, 208

  2nd Battalion 121, 131

  3rd Battalion 120, 139, 141, 159, 161, 166, 209

  9th Company 161

  10th Company 140, 166, 208

  11th Company 159, 208

  12th Company 134, 208

  27th Regiment 60, 76, 80, 84, 90, 92, 95, 99, 109, 110, 111, 193

  1st Battalion 84, 90, 91

  2nd Battalion 79, 83–86, 89, 90

  4th Company 79

  3rd Battalion 84, 90, 91, 93, 95, 318

  19th Division 58, 60, 90, 91, 95, 96, 179, 189, 282, 292, 323r />
  18th Regiment 201

  57th Regiment 97, 99

  1st Battalion 96, 299

  77th Regiment 109–10

  Chanak Fortified Area Command 58

  IV Corps

  12th Division 179, 239, 323, 353–54, 440

  35th Regiment, 2nd Battalion 371, 378

  V Corps, 15th Division 179, 213

  XII Corps, 11th Division, 127

  Regiment 361

  XV Corps 58, 170

  3rd Division 58, 170, 173, 264

  11th Division 58, 60, 170, 178, 179, 266

  XVIII Corps 402, 420, 430

  Anafarta Detachment 282

  1/31st Regiment 282

  Broussa Gendarmerie Battalion 282

  Gallipoli Gendarmerie Battalion 282

  Southern Group 215, 266

  strength of viii, 59

  in Balkan Wars 7

  foreign military missions 2, 5

  size of 59

  structure 59

  forced to transport troops by land routes 68

  underestimated by the British 68–69

  snipers 114–15, 225–26, 227, 271, 286, 340, 342, 353

  construction work above V Beach 139

  heavy fire at V Beach 142–46, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154

  desperate need for reinforcements 159, 161, 162

  defence of Hill 141 166–68

  and British failure at V Beach 168–69

  large reinforcement from 2nd Division 189

  failed general attack by (19 May) 189–93

  First Battle of Krithia 208–9

  night attacks at Helles 209–10, 213, 215

  German officers 210

  Second Battle of Krithia 216–22

  Third Battle of Krivia 238–43, 245–52

  Gully Ravine attack (28 June 1915) 258–64

  efforts to fool the Turks over the evacuation 414–15, 417

  casualty statistics 453

  Turkish Gendarmerie memorial 506

  Turkish Navy dominated by foreign military missions 2

  British Naval Mission 4, 5, 8

  dreadnoughts issue 8–9, 12

  Turko-Germany treaty (1914) 7, 11, 12

  U

  U-boats 231, 234, 235, 254, 401, 413

  U-21 195–97, 233

  Unwin, Commander Edward 149

  an experienced sailor 71

  commands the Hussar 71

  River Clyde plans 71–73

  and Turkish construction work above V Beach 139

  tries to delay River Clyde’s running ashore 141–42

  efforts to get the men ashore 147–48

  tries to save Williams 151

  rescues some wounded 155–56

  on Carrington Smith’s death 157–58

  on Tizard 158

  V

  V Beach (Ertugrul Bay) 67, 71, 73, 119, 121, 126, 128, 130, 131, 132, 137, 138, 139–69, 205, 224, 431

  River Clyde plans 71–73, 169

  the most ambition plan of the landings 139

  the Turkish garrison 139–40

  preliminary bombardment 140–41

  Unwin tries to delay River Clyde’s running ashore 141–42

  heavy fire from Turks 142–46, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154

  Geddes’ plan thwarted 150

  Hunter-Weston unaware of scale of V Beach disaster 152, 153

  decision to evacuate men after dark 152

  Napier’s death 153–54

  Hamilton orders troops to be diverted to W Beach 154

  stalemate situation 154

  rescue of the wounded 155–57

  troops from the River Clyde come ashore 160–61, 503

  reasons for British failure 168–69

  stores deposited on the beach 235

  evacuation 442–45

  second landing of British troops (10 November 1918) 456

  V Beach Cemetery 503

  Valentine, Corporal T. 226

  Valley of Despair 202

  Vassal, Medical Officer Joseph 172, 173

  Vengeance, HMS 27, 33, 34, 36, 64, 196, 212

  Vérité 13

  Vickers, Private John 124, 127

  Victoria Gully 412

  Viney, Captain Horace 186–87

  Vineyard sector 288–89, 291

  W

  W Beach (Tekke Bay) 67, 119, 121, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132–37, 144, 153, 154, 157, 233, 235, 250, 431, 503–4

  evacuation 445–48

  W Hills (Ismail Oglu Tepe) 221, 280, 281, 283, 350, 354, 355, 358, 369, 370, 506

  attack on 369, 370, 376, 384

  Walden Point 304

  Walker, Lieutenant Colonel Frank 440–41

  Walker, Major General Harold 100, 295, 311

  Walker’s Ridge 100, 180, 276, 326

  Wangenheim, Baron Hans Freiherr von 7

  War Committee

  membership 400

  evacuation issue 401, 436

  War Council 253, 410

  Hankey as Secretary 14

  membership of 16, 17–18

  aim of 16

  naval expedition to invade and take Gallipoli Peninsula 16, 458

  troops sent to eastern Mediterranean 46

  and planning for landings in Gallipoli Peninsula 63

  discusses progress of the campaign 236

  renamed the Dardanelles Committee 237

  War Office 63, 65, 385

  Warrior 11

  Warwick Castle post 417

  Waterfall Gully 317

  Waterlow, Lieutenant Commander John 31–32, 81

  Watkins, Private Charles 50, 225

  Watson, Captain Thomas 407–8, 411

  Watson’s Pier 422

  Watts, Lieutenant 149

  Wear (destroyer) 41

  Weaver, Corporal Will 115–16

  Weber Pasha, General (Erich Paul Weber) 170, 215

  Wedgwood, Lieutenant Commander Josiah 72, 156, 160–61

  Wedgwood Benn, Captain William 373–74, 376, 377

  Wehib Pasha, General 266–67

  Weil, Second Lieutenant Raymond 174–75, 213–14, 240, 246, 255, 257–58, 264–65, 386

  Welch, Major Alfred 123

  Weld-Forester, Midshipman Wolstan 231–33

  Welstead, Colonel Harry 347

  West Beach, Suvla Bay 345

  Western Front 358, 359, 385, 395, 431, 456, 457

  armies fight themselves to a standstill vii

  First World War decided ix, 1, 457

  BEF deployed 1, 63

  trench warfare 13, 223

  Second Battle of Ypres 179

  delousing centres 231

  shortage of munitions 236, 237

  importance of artillery 265

  failures of generals 274

  paramount needs of 275

  New Army 333

  Allies prepare for autumn offensives 366

  Loos attack 366

  Joffre’s September offensives 386

  and Monro 396

  Robertson’s commitment 435

  best of Gallipoli divisions despatched to 450

  ‘All Arms Battle’ tactics 461

  Westmacott, Lieutenant Spencer 100–101

  Wettern, Sapper Eric 438–39, 441, 443–44

  White, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander 314

  White, Colonel Brudenell 311, 414

  Wigan Road 437

  Will, Sergeant Joseph 185–86

  Williams, Trooper Charles 315–16

  Williams, Midshipman Herbert 22, 26, 30–31, 140

  Williams, Private Vince 103

  Williams, Lieutenant Colonel Weir De Lancey 162, 168

  Williams, Able Seaman William 147, 148, 151

  Williamson, Lieutenant Commander H.A. 30

  Willis, Major Richard 134

  Willis, Sergeant 145

  Willmer, Major Wilhelm 282

  Wilson, Private Bertram 182

  Wire Gully 87, 116, 182, 183, 190, 426

  Wolley Dod, Lieutenant Colonel Owen 138

  Wolton, Lie
utenant Hubert 360

  Woods, Lieutenant Percy 302

  Worrall, Corporal Edgar 426–27

  Wright, Lieutenant Colonel Bashi 332, 335–36, 337, 339, 340, 342–44

  X

  X Beach 67, 119, 121, 122, 128–29, 132, 136, 171

  Y

  Y Beach 67, 119, 121–28, 129, 132, 171, 209, 222

  Yalta 13

  Yannina 3

  Yazy Tepe 206, 216

  Yeni Shehr 60, 171, 172, 173, 175, 266

  windmills 27

  Young, Corporal 276

  Young Turks

  partial coup (1908) 2–3

  in full control (1909) 3

  increasingly dictatorial 3

  regain political control 3, 4

  aims 4

  Z

  Zeki Bey, Major 95–96, 299

  Zimmerman’s Farm 210

  1. Mustafa Kamel: On 25 April 1915 he was the Colonel commanding the 19th Division. Sidelined in the political infighting that had preceded the Great War, he proved the man of the moment, acting with great decisiveness to stem the advance of the ANZAC Corps. He built on this well-earned reputation throughout the war and used it as a springboard to seize power as President Kemal Attaturk in the post-war years. (IWM Q 101744)

  2. General Otto Liman von Sanders: the German General appointed to command the new Turkish Fifth Army given the responsibility for the defence of the Dardanelles Straits. Liman was proved a sound general, deploying his troops to cover the various possibilities for invasion and reacting calmly to despatch his centrally controlled reserves to contain the Allied threats. His ennobled title of ‘von Sanders’ was a creation that reflected his deceased Scottish wife’s name, Sanders. (IWM Q 95324)

  3. General Sir Charles Monro: The man given the poisoned chalice of replacing Hamilton and ordering the evacuation of Gallipoli. He had served on the Western Front and was convinced of the primacy of that front; what he saw of the situation at Gallipoli appalled him. (IWM Q 68187)

  4. Lieutenant General Aylmer Hunter-Weston: the commander of the 29th Division and then VIII Corps responsible for operations on the main battlefront at Helles. Often caricatured by his critics he was no fool when it came to recognising the scale of the problems that faced his men on 25 April. (IWM Q 13289)

  3. General Sir Ian Hamilton: the ‘Happy Warrior’ appointed to command the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. A distinguished soldier who had lived his life to the full, he was brought down by his own willingness to attempt, and keep on attempting, to achieve the impossible dream at Gallipoli. It destroyed his career and he never held a meaningful command again before his death at 94 in in 1947. Here he is leading the cheer in front of an RND detachment at a medal ceremony. (IWM Q 68187)

  6. General Maurice Bailloud and General Henri Gouraud pictured by one of the dismounted Turkish guns at Sedd el Bahr. These French officers had terrible problems facing not only the chasm of the Kereves Dere in front of their lines but with shells crashing down into their backs from across the Dardanelles Straits. (IWM Q 13300)

 

‹ Prev