by Ron Powers
10. Ibid.
11. Joseph T. Goodman, “Artemus Ward: His Visit to the Comstock Lode,” San Francisco Chronicle, January 10, 1892, quoted in MTL, vol. 1, pp. 269–70.
12. Letter to Mark Twain, January 1, 1864, MTP.
13. Ibid.
14. ET&S, vol. 1, p. 355.
15. Letter to Pamela Moffett, March 18, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 275.
16. Information taken from “Adah Isaacs Menken (1835–1868),” by Samuel Dickson; the Museum of San Francisco Web site, www.sfmuseum.org.
17. “Letter from Mark Twain,” Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, letter dated September 13, 1863, Mark Twain of the Enterprise: Newspaper Articles and Other Documents 1862–1864, edited by Henry Nash Smith (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957), pp. 78–79.
18. Ibid, p. 79.
19. William Wright, “Salad Days of Mark Twain,” San Francisco Examiner, Marc. 19. 1893; quoted in MTL, vol. 1, p. 278.
20. MTL, vol. 1, p. 289, n. 2.
21. MTL, vol. 1, p. 289.
22. Letter to Mollie Clemens, May 20, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 287.
23. MTL, vol. 1, p. 288.
24. Letter to Mollie Clemens, p. 288.
25. Ibid., p. 288.
26. MTL, vol. 1, p. 290.
27. MTL, vol. 1, p. 292.
28. MTL, vol. 1, p. 294.
29. MTL, vol. 1, p. 296.
30. Ibid., p. 297.
31. Ibid., p. 299.
32. MTA, p. 115.
33. The Gold Hill Evening News, May 29, 1864; quoted in MTL, vol. 1, p. 302.
14: A VILLAINOUS BACKWOODS SKETCH
1.Roughing It, OMT, p. 419.
2. From “Mark Twain in the Metropolis,” Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, June 17–23, 1864, reprinted in ET&S, vol. 2, p. 10.
3. Ibid., p. 419.
4. “San Francisco Letter,” reprinted in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin, October 30, 1865, collected in ET&S, vol. 2, p. 319.
5. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 299.
6. Letter to Jane Clemens, August 12, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, pp. 305–6.
7. MTL, vol. 1, p. 306.
8. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, September 25, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 312.
9. Letter to Orion and Mollie Clemens, September 28, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 315.
10. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, September 25, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 312.
11. Ibid., p. 313.
12.Mark Twain in Eruption, edited by Bernard De Voto (New York: Harper & Bros., 1940), p. 256.
13. Letter to Orion Clemens, September 28, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 315.
14.Mark Twain in Eruption, p. 256.
15. Ibid., p. 259.
16.The Life of Bret Harte, by T. Edgar Pemberton (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1903), p. 74, quoted in ET&S, vol. 2, p. 265.
17.Life of Bret Harte, pp. 73–74.
18.Mark Twain in Eruption, corrected against the original dictation of June 14, 1906, p. 264.
19. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, September 25, 1864; MTL, vol. 1, p. 312.
20. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 68.
21. Ibid., p. 69.
22. Ibid., p. 111.
23. Ibid., pp. 132–33.
24. The poem was originally titled, “Plain Language from Truthful James.”
25.Mark Twain in Eruption, pp. 360–61, corrected against the original dictation of May 26, 1907.
26. This is Notebook 4, as preserved in MTP. It is the first notebook among the fifty known to survive which Mark Twain used expressly for literary purposes.
27. Ibid., p. 360.
28. N&J, vol. 1, p. 69, corrected against the manuscript.
29. Ibid., p. 75.
30. Letter to James Gillis, January 26, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 36.
31. Ibid., p. 80.
32. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 263.
33. “Private History of the ‘Jumping Frog’ Story,” by Mark Twain, in How to Tell a Story and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Bros., 1897); quoted in ET&S, vol. 2, p. 264.
34. N&J, vol. 1, pp. 89–90.
35. “Bret Harte’s ‘Roaring Camp’ Still Producing: Mother Lode Country Rich in Reminiscences of Mark Twain’s Youth,” by George P. West, the San Francisco Call and Post, May 24, 1924; quoted in MTL, vol. 1, p. 321.
36. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 265, quoting MTB, vol. 1, p. 277.
37. Joe Goodman, quoted in “Mark Twain,” a subsection of “What California Has Done for Civilization,” San Francisco Evening Bulletin, December 23, 1900, p. 11.
38. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 155.
39. ET&S, vol. 2, p. 221.
40. Ibid., pp. 242, 244. These were actually published on June 3 and June 24, 1865, contrary to the conjectured dates offered in ET&S, vol. 2.
41. Ibid., p. 266.
42. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, January 20, 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 327.
43.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, and Other Sketches, OMT, p. 17.
44. Ibid., p. 18.
45. Mark Twain, “How to Tell a Story,” Youth’s Companion, October 1895; reprinted in the collection, How to Tell a Story and Other Essays, OMT, p. 4.
46. MTL, vol. 1, pp. 322–23.
15 “…AND I BEGAN TO TALK”
1. “A Graceful Compliment,” Territorial Enterprise, December 10–31, 1865, ET&S, vol. 2, p. 390.
2. Letter to Orion and Mollie Clemens, October 19 and 20, 1865; MTL, vol. 1, p. 324.
3. Letter to Orion and Mollie Clemens, October 19 and 20, 1865; MTL, vol. 1, p. 324.
4. MTL, vol. 1, p. 325
5. San Francisco Morning Call, October 29, 1865, quoted in Roughing It, in The Works 64. Notes of Mark Twain, edited by Edgar Marquess Branch et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), p. 701.
6. Letter to Orion Clemens, December 13, 1865; MTL, vol. 1, p. 326.
7. Ibid.
8. MTA, p. 219.
9. “An Open Letter to the American People,” New York Weekly Review, Februar. 17. 1866, p. 1.
10. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, January 20, 1865; MTL, vol. 2, p. 328.
11. Reprinted in MTL, vol. 1, p. 329.
12. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, January 20, 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 329.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 327.
16. Ibid., pp. 329–30.
17. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, March 5, 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 333.
18.Roughing It, OMT, p. 455. The Honolulu Advertiser speculated in May that Mark Twain had made the cats up. But an entry in his notebook suggests otherwise: “1000s of cats and nary snake” (quoted in Roughing It, in The Works of Mark Twain edition, pp. 708–9).
19. Ibid., p. 526.
20. Ibid., p. 519.
21. Ibid., p. 477.
22. Letter to Samuel C. Damon, July 19, 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 349.
23. Mark Twain’s account of getting the dispatch to the schooner paralleled the drama of his last-second departure from the John J. Roe in New Orleans after his idyll with Laura Wright. “The…schooner was to sail for San Francisco about nine,” he wrote in “My Début as a Literary Person” for the Century Magazine in November 1899; “when I reached the dock she was free forward and was just casting off the stern-line. My fat envelop was thrown by a strong hand, and fell on board all right, and my victory was a safe thing” (Century Magazine, vol. 59 [November 1899] p. 77).
24. San Francisco Alta California, September 28, 1866, p. 2, through October 2, 1866, p. 4.
25. George Barnes recalled in 1887 that when Clemens consulted him about the lecture, he admitted that he had already been advised against it. “I’ve been to [journalist Jimmy] Bowman, and I’ve been to Harte and Stoddard, and the rest of the fellows, and they say, ‘Don’t do it, Mark; it will hurt your literary reputation’ ” (George E. Barnes, “Mark Twain, as He Was Known During His Stay on the Pacific Slope,” San Francisco Morning Call, April 17, 1887, p. 1). If true, Bret Harte may already h
ave been launching the mind-gaming digs at Sam that at first cowed, and eventually infuriated him.
26.Roughing It, OMT p. 560.
27. Ibid., p. 560.
28. Ibid., p. 562.
16. ON THE ROAD
1. Paul Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), p. 40.
2. Quoted by Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, p. 41.
3. Ibid., p. 41.
4. Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, p. 46.
5. Ibid., p. 54, corrected and expanded from the Enterprise, October 30, 1866, p. 3.
6. Ibid., pp. 54–55.
7. Carson City Daily Appeal, October 31, 1866, p. 3, clipping in Scrapbook no. 1, pp. 41 and 71, MTP.
8. MTL, vol. 1, p. 366.
9. Ibid.
10. “Card to the Highwaymen,” Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, November 11, 1866.
11.Roughing It, p. 568.
12. Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, p. 159.
13. Letter to Catherine Lampton and Annie and Samuel Moffett, November 2(?), 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 367.
14. Letter to Jane Clemens and family, December 4, 1866; MTL, vol. 1, p. 368.
15. Quoted in MTL, vol. 1, p. 370, n. 8.
16. MTL, vol. 1, pp. 373–74.
17. N&J, vol. 1, p. 253.
18. N&J, vol. 1, p. 255.
19. N&J, vol. 1, p. 250.
20. Ibid., p. 261.
21. Ibid., p. 269.
22. N&J, vol. 1, pp. 273–77.
23. Ibid., p. 287.
24. N&J, vol. 1, p. 260
17: BACK EAST
1. Letter to the San Francisco Alta California, written May 17, published June 16, 1867, www.twainquotes.com, which is cited throughout these chapters. All quotations have been checked against photocopies of the original newspaper.
2. Alta, written February 2, published March 28, 1867.
3. Letter to John McComb, February 2–7, 1867, summarized in “California Authors,” Alta, March 15, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 12.
4. Autobiographical dictation, May 21, 1906, in Mark Twain in Eruption, ed. De Voto, pp. 144–45.
5. MTL, vol. 2, p. 13, n. 1.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8.Mark Twain in Eruption, p. 145.
9. Letter to Charles Warren Stoddard, April 23, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 30.
10. MTL, vol. 2, pp. 11–12.
11. Alta, written February 23, published April 5, 1867.
12. Alta, written February 2, published March 28, 1867.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Alta, written February 18, published March 30, 1867.
16. Alta, written February 23, published April 5, 1867.
17. Ibid.
18. Alta, written February 18, published March 30, 1867.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Quoted at www.question.com.
25. Alta, written March 2, published April 9, 1867.
26. MTL, vol. 2, p. 17. These two sentences are all that survive in secondhand text.
27. Alta, written March 2, published April 9, 1867.
28. MTL, vol. 2, p. 16.
29. Ibid. See also Justin Kaplan, Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1966), p. 28.
30. Quoted at www.annebot.com/oldliveby
this.html.
31. James C. Austin, Preface to Artemus Ward (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1964).
18. “MOVE—MOVE—MOVE!”
1. Letter to the San Francisco Alta California, written March 25, published May 19, 1867, at www.twainquotes.com. All quotations have been checked against photocopies of the original newspaper letters.
2. Ibid.
3. Alta, written April 16, published May 26, 1867.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Alta, written March 25, published May 19, 1867.
7. Alta, written May 19, published June 30, 1867.
8. Ibid.
9. MTA, p. 103.
10. Letter to Jane Clemens, April 15, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 23.
11. Letter to Clemens from John J. Murphy, April 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 24.
12. Alta, written April 30, published June 10, 1867.
13. MTL, vol. 2, pp. 39–40.
14. MTL, vol. 2, pp. 38–39, for both letters.
15. Quoted in MTL, vol. 2, p. 41.
16. New York Stage, May 4, 1867, MTL, vol. 2, pp. 41–42.
17. Frank Fuller to Albert Bigelow Paine in MTB, vol. 1, p. 316.
18. MTA, p. 173.
19. New York Times, May 7, 1867, quoted at www.twainquotes.com.
20. “Mark Twain As a Lecturer,” by Edward House, New York Tribune, May 11, 1867; quoted in MTL, vol. 2, p. 417.
21. Alta, written May 17, published June 16, 1867.
22. Alta, written May 18, published June 23, 1867.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Letter to Jane Clemens and the family, June 1, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, pp. 49–50.
27. Ibid. p. 50.
28. Letter to Will Bowen, June 7, 1867; MTL, vol. 2., p. 54.
29. Letter to Jane Clemens, June 7, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, pp. 57–58.
30. The exact number of passengers has never been determined, though Appendix C, MTL, vol. 2, pp. 385–87, puts the number at “no greater than seventy,” and provides a well-documented list. Mark Twain wrote in the Alta of May 28 that 85 had been booked, and provided a passenger list with that number to Albert Bigelow Paine; it appears both in the Appendix to Paine’s biography and in N&J, vol. 1. Twain amended the number to 65 in one of his onboard letters to the paper.
19: PILGRIMS AND SINNERS
1.The Innocents Abroad, OMT, p. 31.
2.The Innocents Abroad, p. 33.
3. Letter to the Cleveland Herald written June 9, published June 13, 1867; quoted in MTL, vol. 2, p. 66.
4. Quoted by Robert H. Hirst in “The Making of The Innocents Abroad: 1867–1872” (Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1975), p. 60.
5. Letter to the Janesville, Gazette, written June 22, published July 23, 1867, quoted in Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” p. 58.
6. N&J, vol. 1, pp. 329–30.
7. Ibid., p. 33.
8. Ibid., p. 340.
9.The Innocents Abroad, pp. 26–27.
10. Letter to the Janesville Gazette, written June 22, published July 23, 1867, quoted by Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” p. 58.
11. Portland Oregonian, April 22, 1910, p. 4; quoted by Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” p. 61.
12.The Innocents Abroad, p. 41.
13. Ibid., p. 43.
14. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, January 8, 1868; MTL, vol. 2, p. 144.
15.The Innocents Abroad, p. 51.
16. N&J, vol. 1, p. 346.
17.The Innocents Abroad, p. 63.
18. Ibid., p. 66.
19. Ibid., pp. 69–70.
20. Ibid., pp. 70–71.
21. Ibid., p. 71.
22. Ibid., p. 76.
23. Ibid., p. 92.
24. Ibid., p. 93.
25. Ibid., p. 97.
26. Ibid., p. 94.
27. Ibid., p. 100.
28. Ibid., pp. 123–24.
29. Ibid., p. 136.
30. Ibid., p. 130.
31. Ibid., p. 159.
32. Ibid., p. 165.
33. Ibid., p. 177.
34. MMT, p. 17.
35.The Innocents Abroad, p. 190.
36. Ibid., p. 191.
37. Ibid., p. 192.
38. Ibid., p. 209.
39. Ibid., p. 217.
40. Ibid., p. 218.
41. Letter to Jane Clemens, August 24, 1853; MTL, vol. 1, p. 4.
42.The Innocents Abroad, p. 241.
43. Ibid., p. 242.
44. Ibid., p.
267.
45. Ibid., pp. 267, 269.
46. Ibid., pp. 282–83.
47. Ibid., p. 287.
48. Ibid., p. 289.
49. Ibid., p. 291.
50. Ibid., p. 295.
51. Ibid., p. 306.
52. Ibid., p. 307.
53. Ibid., p. 307.
54. Letter to Frank Fuller, August 7, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 75.
55.The Innocents Abroad, p. 336.
56. MTL, vol. 2, p. 394.
57.The Innocents Abroad, p. 345.
58. Ibid., p. 347.
59. Ibid., p. 349.
60. Ibid., p. 361.
61. Ibid., p. 368.
62. Letter to Jane Clemens, August 26, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 81.
63.The Innocents Abroad, p. 395.
64. Ibid., p. 394.
65. Ibid.
66. Ibid., p. 410.
67. MTB, vol. 1, p. 339.
68. Robert H. Hirst, “ ‘Sinners and Pilgrims,’ ” Bancroftiana, no. 113 (Fall 1998), pp. 1, 6–7.
69.The Innocents Abroad, p. 433.
70. Ibid., p. 451.
71. Ibid., p. 452.
72. Ibid., pp. 465–66.
73. Ibid., p. 471.
74. Ibid., p. 496.
75. Ibid., pp. 496–97.
76. Ibid., p. 498.
77. MTA, vol. 1, p. 337.
78. Ibid., pp. 566–67.
79. Ibid., p. 600.
80. N&J, vol. 1, p. 452.
20: IN THE THRALL OF MOTHER BEAR
1. New York Tribune, September 19, 1867; quoted in MTL, vol. 2, p. 102.
2. Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” p. 83.
3. Fragment of an unpublished play sent to Charles Henry Webb, November 25, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, pp. 114–15; quoted in MTL, vol. 2, p. 103; full transcription of the play in MTL, vol. 2, Appendix E, pp. 406–14.
4. N&J, vol. 1, p. 329.
5. Letter to Mrs. Langdon, October 13, 1867, just off Cagliari; Manuscript in MTP.
6. See Susan Gillman’s Dark Twins: Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain’s America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).
7. Letter to Joseph T. Goodman, October 24, 1867; MTL, vol. 2, p. 101.
8. An excellent record of these revisions is found in Traveling with the Innocents Abroad: Mark Twain’s Original Reports from Europe and the Holy Land, edited by Daniel Morley McKeithan (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958).
9.The Innocents Abroad, p. 499.
10. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, January 24, 1868; MTL, vol. 2, pp. 165–66.