by Ron Powers
34. Letter to Josephus N. Larned, August 7, 1870, printed in the Buffalo Express, August 8, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 182.
35. Letter to Orion Clemens, July 15, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 171.
36. Letter to Pamela Moffett, August 17 or 24, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 185.
37. Letter to Elisha Bliss, September 4, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 190.
38. Bret Harte, “Plain Language from Truthful James,” Overland Monthly, September 1870; Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library; http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton.
39. Letter to Charles Henry Webb, November 26, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 248.
40. Ibid., p. 249.
41. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, September 2, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 189.
42. Letter to Ella Wolcott, September 7, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 191.
43. Conversation reported by Donn Piatt of the Cincinnati Commercial, February 1871; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 199.
44.Mark Twain in Eruption, edited by Bernard De Voto (New York: Harper & Bros., 1940), p. 251; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 199.
45. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, October 13, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 208.
46. Letter to Eunice Ford, November 11, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 233.
47. Letter to Langdon Clemens, November 11, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, pp. 225–26.
48. Quoted in Philip A. Fanning, Mark Twain and Orion Clemens: Brothers, Partners, Strangers (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003), p. 139.
49. Letter to Orion Clemens, March 15–18, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 363.
50. Letter to Elisha Bliss, November 28, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 251.
51. Ibid., p. 251.
52. Letter to Clemens, November 30, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 253.
53. Letter to John Henry Riley, December 2, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 259.
54. Ibid., p. 261.
55. Ibid., pp. 259, 261.
26: “MY HATED NOM DE PLUME…”
1. Letter to Elisha Bliss, January 27, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 319.
2. As suggested by Harriet Elinor Smith in her Foreword to the Mark Twain Library edition of Roughing It (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
3. Letter to the editor of Every Saturday (Thomas Bailey Aldrich), January 15, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 304.
4. Letter to Olivia Langdon, December 27, 1869; MTL, vol. 4, p. 440.
5. Quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 323, n.1.
6. Ibid., p. 323.
7. Letter to James Redpath, January 30, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 322.
8. “Reviews and Literary Notices,” Atlantic (May 1867), p. 640; in Making of America database, http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa.
9. “Literary Boston as I Knew It,” in Literary Friends and Acquaintance (New York: Harper & Bro., 1901), p. 117.
10. Ibid., p. 118.
11.Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper, by Axel Nissen (Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, 2000).
12. Letter to Orion Clemens, March 11 and 13, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 350.
13. Ibid., pp. 349–50.
14. Letter to Elisha Bliss, March 17, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 365.
15. Ibid., pp. 365–66.
16. Letter to James Redpath, March 15, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 362.
17. Letter to Alice Hooker Day, January 25, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 311.
18. Letter to Susan Crane, March 14, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 358.
19. Letter to Elisha Bliss and Orion Clemens, March 20, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 367.
20. Letter to Orion Clemens, with messages for Elisha Bliss, April 8, 9, and 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 376.
21. Ibid., p. 377.
22. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, April 26, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 381.
23. MTB, vol. 1, pp. 435–36.
24. Letter to Elisha Bliss, May 3, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 389.
25. Letter to Orion Clemens, April 30, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 386.
26. Letter to Elisha Bliss, May 15, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 391.
27. Letter to Samuel Clemens, May 8, 1871, in MTP; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 395.
28. Photograph sent to Bret Harte, summer 1871 (date unknown); MTL, vol. 4, p. 397.
29. Letter to James Redpath, June 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, pp. 398–99.
30. Letter to James Redpath, June 28, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 421.
31. MTL, vol. 4, p. 402.
32. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, March 22 and 24, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 95.
33. Letter to Olivia Langdon, December 27, 1869; MTL, vol. 3, p. 440.
34. Letter to James Redpath, June 15, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 408.
35. Letter to James Redpath, June 27, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 415.
36. Letter to Elisha Bliss, July 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 431.
37. Letter to Olivia Clemens, August 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 443.
38. Ibid., p. 443.
39. Ibid., p. 444.
40. Letter to Olivia Clemens, August 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 443.
41.Roughing It, OMT, Chapter 47, pp. 336–37.
42. Letter to Orion Clemens, August 31, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 452.
43. Letter to Ella Trabue Smith, August 30, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 451.
44. Letter to Olivia Clemens, September 8, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 453.
27: SOCIABLE JIMMY
1. Review, October 17, 1871; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 475.
2. Review, October 18, 1871; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 475.
3. Letter to Olivia Clemens, October 17, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 474.
4. Review, October 24, 1871; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 480.
5. Ibid., p. 480.
6. Great Barrington Berkshire Courier, November 1, 1871; in Paul Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960); quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 483.
7. Ibid., p. 483.
8. Letter to Olivia Clemens, November 1, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 484.
9. Boston Evening Transcript, November 2, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 485.
10. Howells letter to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, May 7, 1902; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 485.
11. Letter to Elisha Bliss, November 12, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 489.
12. MTA, p. 289, checked against the typed dictation of April 1904, MTP.
13. Lilian W. Aldrich, Crowding Memories (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1920); quoted in MTL, vol. 6, p. 81.
14. Ibid., p. 81.
15. Ibid., p. 81.
16. Letter to Samuel Clemens, November 20, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 499.
17. Letter to Olivia Clemens, November 27, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 499.
18. Letter to Samuel Clemens, November 28, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, pp. 505–6.
19. Letter to Samuel Clemens, December 2, 1871, MTL, vol. 4, pp. 509–11.
20. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, December 10, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 513.
21. Letter to James Redpath, December 11, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 514.
22. Fredonia Censor, December 13, 1871; quoted in MTL, vol. 4, p. 513.
23. Letter to James Redpath, December 11, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 514.
24. Letter to Olivia Clemens, December 18, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 517.
25. Letter to Samuel Clemens, December 30 and 31, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 523.
26. Letter to Olivia Clemens, December 31, 1871; MTL, vol. 4, p. 527.
27. Ibid., pp. 528–29.
28. In Paul Fatout’s Mark Twain Speaks for Himself (West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1978).
29. “Sociable Jimmy,” reprinted by Shelley Fisher Fishkin in Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 249.
30. Ibid., pp. 251–52. Corrected against the first printing in the New York Times, November 29, 1874, p. 7.
31. Letter to Olivia Clemens, January 10 and 11, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 18.
32. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, February 13, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 43.
33. Danbury News, February 28, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 46.
34. Amherst Record, February 28, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5
, p. 49.
35. Columbus Ohio State Journal, January 6, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 11.
36. Wheeling Intelligencer, January 2, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 19.
37. Letter to Samuel Clemens, January 7, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 16–17.
38. “Mark Twain at Steinway Hall,” by John Hay (unsigned); quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 34.
39. New York World, February 4, 1872; quoted in MTL vol. 5, p. 40.
40. Charles Frederick Wingate in a commemorative pamphlet, published in 1872; quoted in MTL vol. 5, p. 40.
41. Salamo and Smith, editors of MTL, vol. 5, pp. 41–43.
42. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, February 13, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 44.
43. Letter to William Dean Howells, March 18, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 58.
44. Chicago Tribune, March 17, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 70.
28: THE LION OF LONDON
1. Letter from Olivia Clemens to Susan Crane, July 27 and August 4, 1872; Paine’s typescript, misquoted by him in MTB, vol. 1, p. 457.
2. Lilly Warner, letter to her husband, George H. Warner, June 3, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 98.
3. Autobiography, vol. 1, p. 190, dictation of March 22, 1906.
4. Ibid.
5. From “Villagers of 1840–3,” in Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer Among the Indians: And Other Unfinished Stories (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).
6. Susan Crane, letter to Albert Bigelow Paine, May 25, 1911; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 100–101.
7. Letter to William Dean Howells, June 15, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 103.
8. Ibid., p. 103.
9. Letter to Mollie Clemens, July 20 or 21, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 125.
10. Isabel Lyon, letter to W. T. H. Howe, November 28, 1934; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 114.
11. Letter to Louise Chandler Moulton, June 18, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 108.
12. “Recent Literature,” Atlantic Monthly, June 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 95.
13. Letter to William Dean Howells, May 22–29?, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 95.
14.Roughing It (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), pp. 890–91.
15. In Roughing It, p. 881, n. 245.
16. James Redpath, letter to Samuel Clemens, July 12, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 122.
17. Letter from Orion Clemens to Mollie Clemens, July 26, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 145.
18. Letter from Olivia and Samuel Clemens to Jane Clemens, December 20, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 254.
19. Letter to Olivia Clemens, August 29, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 151–52.
20. Dictation, February 19, 1907; MTL, vol. 5, p. 154.
21. South London Press, September 14, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 156.
22. From a speech to the Savage Club in London; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 173.
23. Letter to Olivia Clemens, September 11, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 154–55.
24. Letter to the London Spectator, September 21, 1871; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 163–64.
25. Letter to Olivia Clemens, October 12, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 196.
26. Quoted by Samuel Clemens in a letter to Henry Lee, November 5, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 214.
27. Letter to Jane Clemens and Pamela Moffett, November 26, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 230.
28. Letter to Thomas Nast, December 10, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 249.
29. Letter to Olivia Lewis Langdon, December 3, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 235.
30. Ibid., p. 236.
31. Letter from Thomas Nast to Samuel L. Clemens, December 15, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 252.
32. Letter to Olivia Clemens, July 8, 1870; MTL, vol. 4, p. 167.
33. MTB, as cited in MTL, vol. 5, p. 259.
34. Quoted in E. J. Edwards, “How Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner Came to Write ‘The Gilded Age,’ ” New York Evening Mail, May 5, 1910; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 259.
35. New York Tribune, December 23, 1872; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 262.
36. MTL, vol. 5, p. 260.
37.The Gilded Age, OMT, p. 184.
38. Ibid., p. 80.
39. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, April 16, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 339.
40. Ibid., p. 339.
41.The Gilded Age, p. 37.
42.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 280.
43.The Gilded Age, p. 49.
44. Letter to Whitelaw Reid, January 13 and 17, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 270.
45. Autobiographical dictations, April 5, 1906, MTP; MTL, vol. 5, p. 36.
46. Letter to Whitelaw Reid, March 28, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 324.
47. Letter from Olivia and Samuel Clemens to Olivia Lewis Langdon, May 17, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 366.
48. Letter to Charles Warner, May 17, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, pp. 367–68.
29: GILDED
1. Letter to Olivia Lewis Langdon, May 23 and 26, 1873; Mark Twain House, Hartford, Conn.; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 371.
2. Letter to Olivia Lewis Langdon, May 31, 1873.
3. Letter to Whitelaw Reid, April 20, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 347.
4. This was the term Twain used in a reminiscence written in 1890, “Concerning the Scoundrel Edward House,” preserved in MTP.
5. Whitelaw Reid, letter to Kate Field, July 17, 1873; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 369.
6. Autobiographical dictations, MTP; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 369.
7. Moncure Daniel Conway, Autobiography: Memories and Experiences of Moncure Daniel Conway (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1904); quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 416.
8. Letter to Ellen D. Conway, June 25, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 388.
9. George Dolby, quoted by Samuel Thompson in his unpublished reminiscences, MTP; see MTL, vol. 5, p. 446.
10. MTOC, pp. 157–58.
11. Charles Warren Stoddard, Exits and Entrances: A Book of Essays and Sketches (Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co., 1903); quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 477.
12. Quoted by George Wharton James in “Charles Warren Stoddard,” National Magazine (August 1911), pp. 659–72; see MTL, vol. 5, pp. 492–93.
13. Stoddard, Exits and Entrances; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 477.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., pp. 477–78.
16. Letter to Olivia Clemens, November 23, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 482.
17. Letter to Olivia Clemens, December 13 and 15, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 512.
18. Letter to James Redpath, December 17, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 523.
19. Letter to Olivia Clemens, January 2, 1874; MTL, vol. 5, p. 3.
20. MTL, vol. 5, p. 417, n. 1
21. New York Daily Graphic, December 23, 1873; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 466.
22. Chicago Tribune, February 1, 1874; quoted in MTL, vol. 5, p. 465.
23. William Dean Howells, letter to Samuel Clemens, December 28, 1873; MTL, vol. 5, p. 468.
24. Letter to Joseph Twichell, January 5, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, pp. 11–12.
25. Letter to London Standard, March 12, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, pp. 66–67.
26. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, February 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 46.
27. MTB, p. 16.
28. Ibid.
29. Letter to Orion Clemens, February 4, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 26.
30. Ibid.
31. Letter to Frank Fuller, January 31, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 23.
32. Letter to Charles Kingsley, February 13, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 31.
33. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, February 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 46.
34. Letter to Howells, February 27, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 52.
35. Cable to James Redpath, March 3, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 60.
36. Lilian Aldrich, Crowding Memories (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1920); quoted in MTL, vol. 6, p. 93.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. MTA, p. 358.
40. William Dean Howells, Selected Letters, edited by George Arms et al., vol. 2, 1873–1881 (Boston: Twayne, 1979), p. 56; quoted in MTL, vol. 6, p. 86.
41. Letter to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, March 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 94.
42. Letter to William Andrews, Mar
ch 28, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 95.
43. Edgar Wakeman, letter, February 12, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 82.
44. Letter to Howells, March 20, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 85.
30: QUARRY FARM AND NOOK FARM
1. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, February 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 46.
2. Quoted at www.marktwainhouse.org.
3. Mollie Clemens, letter, April 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 112.
4. Letter to Jane Clemens, May 10, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 141.
5. Orion Clemens, letter, April 25, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 113.
6. Letter to William Dean Howells, May 10, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 145.
7. Letter to Joseph and Harmony Twichell, June 11, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 158.
8. Letter to John Brown, September 4, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 222.
9. Letter to Mary Fairbanks, November 6–December 10, 1872; MTL, vol. 5, p. 217.
10. Autobiographical dictation, February 1906, CU-MARK, MTL, vol. 4, p. 158.
11. See “Mark Twain’s Days in Elmira,” in New York in Literature, by Rufus Rockwell Wilson and Otilie Erikson Wilson (Elmira: Primavera Press, 1947), reprinted in “Mark Twain in Elmira,” the Mark Twain Society, Inc., 1977, p. 5
12. Wilson, “Mark Twain in Elmira,” p. 8
13. Letter to Charles Dudley Warner, May 5, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 127.
14. Letter to Howells, July 22, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 193.
15. Letter to the Twichells, June 11, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 158.
16. Letter to John Brown, April 27, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 121.
17. MTL, vol. 6, pp. 171–72.
18. “Speech on Accident Insurance,” in Mark Twain’s Sketches, OMT.
19. Letter to Jane Clemens; MTL, vol. 6, p. 184.
20. Letter to John Brown, September 4, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 221.
21. Ibid.
22. Notably Hamlin L. Hill in “The Composition and Structure of Tom Sawyer,” American Literature, vol. 32 (1961–62), pp. 379–92, reprinted in On Mark Twain: The Best from American Literature, edited by Louis J. Budd and Edwin H. Cady (Durham: Duke University Press, 1987).
23. Quoted in Hill, “The Composition and Structure of Tom Sawyer.”
24. Letter to Mary Field, July 29, 1874; MTL, vol. 6, p. 197.
25. Telegram to John Raymond; MTL, vol. 6, p. 215.
26. Rochester Union and Advertiser, September 1, 1874; quoted in MTL, vol. 6, p. 216 op. cit.