by Ron Powers
71. N&J, vol. 2, p. 318.
72. Ibid., p. 323.
73. Letter to Twichell, June 10, 1879; MTP.
74. Fatout, Mark Twain Speaking, p. 126.
75. N&J, vol. 2, p. 320.
76. Ibid., p. 318.
77. Ibid., p. 300.
78. Letter to Frank Bliss, September 8, 1879; MTP.
79. Letter to Olivia Clemens, November 12, 1879; MTP.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. The author acknowledges Shelley Fisher Fishkin, president of the Mark Twain Circle of America, who assembled these details.
84. “The Babies,” Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library, http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton.
85. “The Babies,” Speeches, OMT, p. 64.
86. Ibid., pp. 64–65.
87. Ibid., p. 65.
88. Ibid., p. 66.
89. MTA, p. 245.
90. Ibid.
91. “The Babies,” in Speeches, pp. 67–68.
92. Letter to Olivia Clemens, November 14, 1879; MTP.
93. Ibid.
35: “A PERSONAL HATRED FOR HUMBUG”
1. Clara Clemens, My Father, Mark Twain, (New York: Harper & Bros., 1931), p. 35.
2. Olivia Clemens to Olivia Lewis Langdon, November 30, 1879, Mark Twain House, 01730.
3. Letter to Susan Crane and Olivia Lewis Langdon, probably January 1880, E-text 1880, 08711.
4. Letter to Howells, January 8, 1880, MTHL, vol. 1, p. 286, 02538.
5. Letter to Elisha Bliss, March 20, 1880, MTLP , p. 121, 02540.
6. Ibid.
7. William Dean Howells, “A Tramp Abroad,” The Atlantic, May 1880, reprinted in MMT, p. 111.
8. Ibid.
9. Howells review, p. 108.
10. Howells review, p. 109.
11. Letter to Pamela Clemens, February 28, 1880, E-text 1880, 01765.
12. Letter to Orion Clemens, February 26, 1880, E-text 1880, 01763.
13. N&J, vol. II, p. 391.
14. MTB, vol. II, p. 904.
15. Ibid.
16. N&J vol. II., p. 360.
17. Ibid., p. 361.
18. Ibid., p. 377.
19. Letter to Howells, March 11, 1880, MTHL, vol. 1, p. 291, 12539.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Letter from Mary Fairbanks to Samuel Clemens, July 26, 1880.
23. “Dear Master Wattie: the Mark Twain–David Watt Bowser Letters,” edited and annotated by Pascal Covici, Jr., in the Southwest Review, Spring 1960, p. 106. Covici obtained permission to publish the letters from Bowser’s niece, Mrs. E. C. Stradley, of Dallas, and the trustees of the Mark Twain Estate.
24. Ibid., p. 106, n. 2.
25. Ibid., p. 106.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 107.
28. Ibid., p. 108.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., pp. 110, 111, 112, 114.
31. Ibid., p. 109.
32. Ibid., pp. 110–11.
33. Letter from Thomas H. Murray to Clemens, May 8, 1880, CU-MARK, 32782.
34. Letter to Thomas H. Murray, May 13, 1880, E-text 1880, CU-MARK, 01803.
35. Mark Twain’s Notebooks and Journals, vol. 3, p. 153.
36. Letter to Samuel Clemens, November 18, 1879, quoted by Fanning, p. 181.
37. Letter to Orion Clemens, February 26, 1880, E-text 1880, 01763.
38. Ibid.
39. Letter to Orion Clemens, April 4, 1880, 01782.
40. Letter to Orion Clemens, May 6, 1880, 01799.
41. Letter to Howells, June 9, 1880, 2nd of 2, MTHL, vol. 1, p. 313, 02812.
42. Letter to Howells, August 1, 1880, MTHL, vol. 1, p. 319, 01820.
43. N&J vol. II, p. 355.
44. Letter to Howells, October 19, 1880, MTHL, vol. 1, p. 332, 01843.
45. Letter to Orion Clemens, October 24, 1880, MTLTP , p. 125, 08145.
46. Letter from Howells to Clemens, December 13, 1880, MTHL, vol. I, p. 338, 32889.
47. Ibid.
48. Letter to James Osgood, October 19, 1880, E-text 1880, 10668.
49. Letter to Orion Clemens, November 27, 1880; Electronic edition, 08157.
36: “A POWERFUL GOOD TIME”
1. These figures are listed in Mark Twain’s Letters to His Publishers, Hamlin Hill, ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), p. 128.
2. Letter to Pamela Moffett, November 14?, 1880, MTB, vol. 2, p. 696.
3. Letter to Howells, February 15, 1887, MTHL, vol. II, p. 586, 02655.
4. N&J, vol. 2, p. 400.
5. Letter to Horace Scudder, February 8, 1881, Life in Letters of William Dean Howells, Mildred Howells, ed. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1928), MTHL, vol. I, p. 350.
6. Ibid.
7. Letter to Howells, February 15, 1881, MTHL, p. 350, 01908.
8. Ibid., p. 350.
9.My Father Mark Twain, p. 43.
10. MTB, p. 125.
11. Letter to Olivia Lewis Langdon, quoted in MTB, vol. II, p. 730.
12. Letter to Annie E. Lucas, January 31, 1881, E-text 1881, 01899.
13. Letter to Daniel Slote, March 31, 1881, MTBM, p. 152, 01934.
14. Samuel Charles Webster, MTBM, p. 153.
15. Letter to Charles Webster, April 29, 1881, MTBM, p. 152, 01940.
16. MMT, pp. 60–61.
17. Letter from Howells to Clemens, September 11, 1881, MTHL, vol. I, p. 373, 40858.
18. Letter from Howells to John Hay, October 16, 1881, Life in Letters of William Dean Howells, vol. 1, Mildred Howells, ed. (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1928, p. 303.
19. Letter to Clemens, October 12, 1881, MTHL, p. 375, 40879.
20. Ibid.
21. Letter to Howells, October 15, 1881, MTHL, vol. I, p. 376, 02053.
22. Letter from Winifred Howells to Samuel Clemens, January 18, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 383, 40989.
23. H. H. Boyesen, “Mark Twain’s New Departure,” The Atlantic, December 1881, MTCR, p. 199.
24. Ibid., p. 200.
25. “P&P,” OMT, p. 327.
26. Ibid., p. 135.
27. Letter from Roswell Phelps to Clemens, March 14, 1882, N&J II, p. 517., citing transcript in MTP, 41075.
28. Letter from Howells to Clemens, April 18, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 403, 41256.
29. Letter to James Osgood, March 23?, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 397, 02183.
30. As noted in MTHL, vol. I, p. 400.
31. N&J, vol. II, pp. 355–56.
32. Letter to Howells, January 28, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 386, 02560.
33. N&J, vol. II, pp. 420–24.
34. Ibid., pp. 440–41.
35. Letter to Howells, January 28, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 387, 02560.
36. Ibid., p. 389.
37. Letter to Howells, April 16, 1882, MTHL, pp. 400–401.
38. Letter to Olivia Clemens, April 21, 1882, and April 22, 1882, The Love Letters of Mark Twain, Dixon Wecter, ed. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949), pp. 207, 208.
39. N&J, vol. II, p. 526.
40. “Life on the Mississippi,” chapter 22, OMT, p. 249.
41. N&J, vol. II, p. 472.
42. Ibid., p. 531.
43. “Life on the Mississippi,” OMT, p. 263.
44. Ibid., p. 272.
45. N&J, V II, p. 458.
46. Ibid., p. 454.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid., p. 530.
50. Ibid., p. 466.
51. Ibid., p. 490.
52. Ibid., p. 501.
53. Ibid., p. 469.
54. Ibid., pp. 541–42.
55. Letter to Olivia Clemens, April 25, 1882, LLMT, p. 210, 02205.
56. “Modern Critical Views: Mark Twain,” edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom, p. 5, New York and Philadelphia, 1986.
57. N&J vol. II, p. 478.
58. Ibid., pp. 489–90.
59. Ibid., p. 479.
60. Ibid., p. 4
80.
61. Letter to Howells, November 4, 1882, MTHL, vol. I, p. 418, 02568. Corrected against the original typescript.
37: “ALL RIGHT, THEN…”
1. William Dean Howells, “Mark Twain,” Century magazine (September 1882), reprinted in MMT; p. 118.
2. Ibid., p. 122.
3. Ibid., p. 120.
4. Letter to Howells, November 4, 1882; MTHL, vol. I, p. 418.
5. Letter to James R. Osgood, June 11, 1882, E-text 1882, 08975.
6.Life on the Mississippi, OMT, p. 300.
7. Ibid., p. 303.
8. James M. Cox, “Life on the Mississippi Revisited,” in Bloom, ed., Modern Critical Views: Mark Twain (New York: Chelsea House, 1986).
9. Letter to James Osgood, October 18, 1882; MTLTP, p. 158.
10. Letter to Howells, October 30, 1882; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 417.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Letter to Howells, November 4, 1882; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 418.
14. MTLTP, p. 161.
15. Ibid.
16. Letter to Howells, July 20, 1883; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 435.
17.Life on the Mississippi, OMT, p. 42.
18. Ibid., p. 246.
19. Chicago Tribune, “Mark Twain Produces Another Compound of Fiction, Humor, and Fact,” May 19, 1883; in Budd, ed., Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, p. 235.
20. Ibid., p. 144.
21. Letter to Clemens, December 8, 1883; MTLTP, p. 165.
22. Letter to Osgood, December 21, 1883; MTLTP, p. 164.
23. Ibid.
24. Letter to James R. Osgood, May 24, 1884; MTLTP, p. 168.
25. Ibid.
26. Letter to Howells, March 1, 1883; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 427.
27. N&J, vol. 3, p. 13.
28. Letter to Clemens, September 18, 1883; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 442.
29. N&J, vol. 3, p. 24.
30. Letter to Jane Clemens, July 21, 1883; quoted in N&J, vol. 3, p. 3.
31. Letter to Howells, July 20, 1883; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 435.
32. Letter to Howells, August 9, 1876; MTHL, vol. 1, p. 144.
33.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 1.
34. Ibid., p. 137.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., p. 138.
37. Ibid., p. 139.
38. Ibid., p. 141.
39. See Clemens’s letter to Pamela Moffett of November 14(?), 1880, as quoted in the Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn edited by Victor Fischer and Lin Salamo (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), p. 684.
40. See the monograph, The Grangerford-Shepherdson Feud by Mark Twain, by Edgar Marquess Branch and Robert H. Hirst (Berkeley: Friends of the Bancroft Library, 1985).
41.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 188.
42.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ed. Fischer and Salamo (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), Appendix D, p. 574.
43. Ibid.
44.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 270.
45. Ibid., p. 271.
46. Ibid., p. 272.
47. Norman Podhoretz, “The Literary Adventures of Huck Finn,” New York Times, December 6, 1959.
48.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 296.
49. Ibid., p. 337.
50. Ibid., p. 361.
51. Ibid., p. 366.
52. As researched and demonstrated by Victor Fischer and Lin Salamo in their Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 691.
53. CU-MARK, quoted in Fischer and Salamo, eds., Huckleberry Finn, p. 691.
54. Ibid.
55. Letter to an unidentified recipient, April 24, 1883; quoted in Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, ed. Fischer and Salamo, p. 689.
56. Letter to Howells, June 22, 1882; MTHL, vol. 1, pp. 407–8.
57. Letter to Clemens, October 12, 1883: MTHL, vol. 1, p. 444.
58. Letter to Clemens, October 17, 1883: MTHL, vol. 1, p. 446.
59. MTB, vol. 2, p. 756.
60. MMT, p. 25.
61. Ibid.
62. Ibid.
38:THE AMERICAN NOVEL
1. Letter to Clemens.
2. Merle Johnson, A Bibliography of the Works of Mark Twain (New York: Harper Bros., 1935), p. 155, quoted at www.twainquotes.com.
3. See Barbara Schmidt, “A Closer Look at the Lives of True Williams and Alexander Belford,” paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Mark Twain Studies, Elmira, N.Y., August 18, 2001; www.twainquotes.com.
4. Letter to Charles Webster, April 12, 1884; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, ed. Fischer and Salamo, p. 701.
5. Letter to Webster, April 22, 1884, MTBM, pp. 249–50; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 706.
6. Letter to William Dean Howells, April 8, 1884; MTHL, vol. 2, pp. 482–83.
7. Howells, letter, April 10, 1884; MTHL, vol. 2, p. 484.
8. Letter to Webster, May 7, 1884; MTLTP, p. 174.
9. Letter to Webster, May 24, 1884, MTBM; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 717.
10. Ibid., p. 716.
11. Letter to Webster, May 24, 1884; MTBM, pp. 255–56.
12. Ibid., p. 260.
13. R. Kent Rasmussen, Mark Twain A to Z: The Essential Reference to His Life and Writings (New York: Facts on File, 1995), p. 269.
14. Letter to Webster, May 23, 1884; MTLTP, p. 175.
15. Letter to Howells, October 18, 1885; MTHL, p. 539.
16. As reported by Paine in MTB, vol. 2, p. 767.
17. Ibid.
18. Letter to Howells, August 7, 1884; MTHL, vol. 2, p. 497.
19. Letter to Webster, August 7, 1884, MTBM, p. 271; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 731.
20. Howells, letter, August 10, 1884; MTHL, vol. 2, p. 499.
21. Richard Watson Gilder, letter, October 10, 1884; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 748.
22. Ibid.
23. Susy Clemens, Papa: An Intimate Biography of Mark Twain, edited by Charles Neider (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1985), pp. 188–89.
24. The illustration ran on page 283 of the first edition, and on 281 of later editions.
25. “Novels of the Week,” London Athenaeum, December 27, 1884; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 759.
26. Brander Matthews, “Huckleberry Finn,” London Saturday Review, January 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 760.
27. “Huckleberry Finn,” Hartford Courant, February 20, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, pp. 760–61.
28. Letter to Webster, January 27, 1885, MTBM, p. 298; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 758.
29. Letter to Webster, February 10, 1885, MTBM, p. 300; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 759.
30. Ibid.
31. Webster, letter, February 14, 1885, MTBM, p. 303; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 759.
32. “Mark Twain’s Bad Boy,” New York World, March 2, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, pp. 761–62.
33. Boston Advertiser, March 12, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 762.
34. “Current Literature,” San Francisco Bulletin, March 14, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 762.
35. “Literature,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 15, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 763.
36. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, March 17, 1885; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 763.
37. Letter to Charles Webster, March 18, 1885, MTL, vol. 2, pp. 452–53; quoted in Introduction to Huckleberry Finn, p. 763.
38. Letter to Webster, July 28, 1885, MTBM, p. 331.
39. Charles G. Van Schuyver, in Typographical Printing-Surfaces, by Lucien A. Legros and John C. Grant (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1916); quoted in N&J, vol. 3, p. 246.
40. N&J, vol. 3, p. 147.
41. Mark Perry, Grant and Twain: The Story of a Friendship That Changed America (New York: Random House, 2004), p. 63.
42. “Interviews
With Grant’s Doctor,” Saturday Evening Post, September 9, 1901, cited in Perry, Grant and Twain, p. 81.
43. MTA, p. 236.
44. Ibid., p. 237; see also Perry, Grant and Twain, p. 85.
45. Ibid.
46. MTA, p. 240; Perry, Grant and Twain, p. 89.
47. N&J, vol. 3, p. 96.
48. H. L. Mencken, “The Smart Set,” February 1913.
49. Waldo Frank, Our America (New York: Boni & Liveright, 1919).
50. Bernard DeVoto, Mark Twain’s America (Cambridge: Houghton Mifflin, 1932), p. 312.
51. Ernest Hemingway, Green Hills of Africa (New York: Scribner’s, 1935), p. 22.
52. T. S. Eliot, Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (London: Cresset, 1950); reprinted in Norton Critical Edition of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, edited by Sculley Bradley et al. (New York: Norton, 1977), p. 328.
53. Lionel Trilling, Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (New York: Rinehart, 1948); reprinted in Norton Critical Edition, p. 318.
54. Leo Marx, “Mr. Eliot, Mr. Trilling, and Huckleberry Finn,” American Scholar, vol. 2. (Autumn 1953); reprinted in Norton Critical Edition, p. 343.
55. Stephen Railton, “Jim and Mark Twain: What Do Dey Stan’ For?” Virginia Quarterly Review, vol. 63 (Summer 1987), pp. 393–408.
56. Charles H. Nilon, “The End of Huckleberry Finn Freeing the Free Negro,” in Satire or Evasion? Black Perspectives on Huckleberry Finn, edited by James S. Leonard et al. (Durham: Duke University Press, 1992), p. 62; essay originally published in Mark Twain Journal, vol. 22 (Fall 1984), pp. 21–27.
57. Bruce Michelson, Mark Twain on the Loose: A Comic Writer and the American Self (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995), p. 136.
58. Conversation with Robert Hirst.
59. Toni Morrison, Introduction to Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT.
60. Thomas Quirk, “Is Huckleberry Finn Politically Correct?” in Coming to Grips withHuckleberry Finn: Essays on a Book, a Boy, and a Man (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993).
61. Conversation with Robert Hirst.
62.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, OMT, p. 121.
63. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, November 21, 1884; quoted in N&J, vol. 3.
64. Letter to Olivia Clemens, January 18, 1885; LLMT, pp. 230–31.
65. N&J, vol. 3, p. 81.
66. Ibid.
67. Chapter 7, “Chapters from My Autobiogaphy,” in The North American Review, p. 1094, OMT.
68. N&J, vol. 3, p. 86.
69. George Washington Cable, “The Freedman’s Case in Equity,” Century (January 1885; see Stephen Railton, “Mark Twain in His Times,” Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia, http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton.