by Joe Moran
36. Åke Daun, Swedish Mentality, trans. Jan Teeland (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), 133. See also 59, 46, 44, 124.
37. Peter Cowie, Ingmar Bergman: A Critical Biography (London: Secker and Warburg, 1982), 6; Daun, Swedish Mentality, 118.
38. Susan Sontag, “A Letter from Sweden,” Ramparts, July 1969, 26.
39. David Michaelis, Schulz and Peanuts: A Biography (New York: HarperCollins, 2007), 173, 299.
40. Michaelis, Schulz and Peanuts, 177.
41. Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, February 12, 1995.
42. Judith Yaross Lee, Garrison Keillor: A Voice of America (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1991), 33.
43. “E. B. White,” in Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, Eighth Series, ed. George Plimpton (New York: Viking, 1988), 15.
44. William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1979), xiv, 80; Letters of E. B. White, ed. Dorothy Lobrano Guth, revised by Martha White (New York: Harper Perennial, 2007), 470.
45. Garrison Keillor, Lake Wobegon Days (London: Faber, 1986), 152.
46. David Usborne, “I’ve Got to Get Away from Here,” Independent on Sunday (London), January 3, 2010.
47. Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Preface to Twice-Told Tales,” in Tales and Sketches (New York: Library of America, 1982), 1153; Richard Hardack, Not Altogether Human: Pantheism and the Dark Nature of the Human Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012), 14.
48. Newsweek, October 8, 1951, 28, quoted in Oxford English Dictionary entry (online edition).
49. See Bella Elwood Clayton, “Virtual Strangers: Young Love and Texting in the Filipino Archipelago of Cyberspace,” in Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics, ed. Kristóf Nyíri (Vienna: Passagen Verlag, 2003), 225–235; and Gerard Goggin, Cell Phone Culture: Mobile Technology in Everyday Life (London: Routledge, 2006), 76; Eija-Liisa Kasesniemi and Pirjo Rautianen, “Mobile Culture of Children and Teenagers in Finland,” in Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance, ed. James E. Katz and Mark Aakhus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 176, 183–184.
50. Janey Gordon, “The Cell Phone: An Artifact of Popular Culture and a Tool of the Public Sphere,” in The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation, ed. Anandam Kavoori and Noah Arceneaux (New York: Peter Lang, 2006), 52.
Chapter 4
Tongue-Tied
1. Bronislaw Malinowski, Argonauts of the Western Pacific (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1932), 46.
2. Malinowski, Argonauts of the Western Pacific, 47; Michael Young, Malinowski: Odyssey of an Anthropologist, 1884–1920 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), 535.
3. Bronislaw Malinowski, “The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages,” in C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, The Meaning of Meaning (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1923), 313, 315, 314.
4. Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language (London: Faber, 1996), 78. See also 121, 123.
5. See Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, ed. James Moore and Adrian Desmond (London: Penguin, 2004), 123; and Joseph Jordania, “Music and Emotions: Humming in Human Prehistory,” in Problems of Traditional Polyphony: Materials of the Fourth International Symposium on Traditional Polyphony, ed. Rusudan Tsurtsumia and Joseph Jordania (Tbilisi: Nova Science, 2010), 42.
6. Åke Daun, Swedish Mentality, trans. Jan Teeland (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), 119; Susan Sontag, “A Letter from Sweden,” Ramparts, July 1969, 26.
7. Jaakko Lehtonen and Kari Sajavaara, “The Silent Finn,” in Perspectives on Silence, ed. Deborah Tannen and Muriel Saville-Troike (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1985), 195.
8. Ingmar Bergman, The Magic Lantern: An Autobiography, trans. Joan Tate (New York: Viking, 1988), 18, 8.
9. Vere Hodgson, Few Eggs and No Oranges: The Diaries of Vere Hodgson, 1940–45 (London: Persephone Books, 2005), 11.
10. G. K. Chesterton, “A Shy Bird,” in A Handful of Authors: Essays on Books and Writers, ed. Dorothy Collins (London: Sheed and Ward, 1953), 211–212.
11. Charles Williams, The Last Great Frenchman: A Life of General de Gaulle (London: Wiley, 1997), 347; Harold Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, 1907–1964, ed. Nigel Nicolson (London: Phoenix, 2005), 469.
12. Jean Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, 1890–1944, trans. Patrick O’Brian (London: Harvill, 1990), 53.
13. Gregor Dallas, 1945: The War That Never Ended (London: John Murray, 2005), 90.
14. Jonathan Fenby, The General: Charles de Gaulle and the France He Saved (London: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 69, 7.
15. The War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle: Unity, 1942–1944, trans. Richard Howard (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1959), 315.
16. Williams, Last Great Frenchman, 346.
17. Adrian Fort, Archibald Wavell: The Life and Times of an Imperial Servant (London: Jonathan Cape, 2009), 224.
18. Archibald Wavell, Generals and Generalship (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1941), 40–42; Diana Cooper, Trumpets from the Steep (London: Hart-Davis, 1960), 136.
19. Nicholas Rankin, A Genius for Deception: How Cunning Helped the British Win Two World Wars (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 106.
20. Rankin, Genius for Deception, xi.
21. Rankin, Genius for Deception, 183.
22. Harold E. Raugh, Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013), 96.
23. Jonathan Dimbleby, Destiny in the Desert: The Road to El Alamein—The Battle That Turned the Tide (London: Profile, 2013), 32.
24. Raugh, Wavell in the Middle East, 80.
25. Alan Moorehead, Don’t Blame the Generals (New York: Harper, 1943), 127.
26. Dimbleby, Destiny in the Desert, xiv.
27. A. P. Wavell, “Foreword,” in Other Men’s Flowers, ed. A. P. Wavell (London: Jonathan Cape, 1944), 19, 17.
28. Fort, Archibald Wavell, 246.
29. Denis Judd, King George VI, 1895–1952 (London: Michael Joseph, 1982), 96–97.
30. John W. Wheeler-Bennett, King George VI: His Life and Reign (London: Macmillan, 1958), 27.
31. Mark Logue and Peter Conradi, The King’s Speech: How One Man Saved the British Monarchy (London: Quercus, 2010), 44.
32. Logue and Conradi, King’s Speech, 181.
33. Stephen Spender, Journals, 1939–1983, ed. John Goldsmith (New York: Random House, 1986), 24.
34. “Mass Observation Victory in Europe, June 1945,” File Report 2263 (Mass Observation Online digital archive), 57; David Kynaston, Austerity Britain, 1945–51 (London: Bloomsbury, 2007), 11.
35. John Durham Peters, Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 76.
36. Peters, Speaking into the Air, 171, 21.
37. Malinowski, “Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages,” 314.
38. Cyril Connolly, Enemies of Promise (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1961), 119.
Chapter 5
Stage Fright
1. John Coldstream, Dirk Bogarde: The Authorised Biography (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2004), 65.
2. Dirk Bogarde, Snakes and Ladders (London: Phoenix, 2006), 94.
3. Sheridan Morley, Dirk Bogarde: Rank Outsider (London: Bloomsbury, 1996), 68.
4. Anna Massey, Telling Some Tales (London: Hutchinson, 2006), 53.
5. Laurence Olivier, Confessions of an Actor: An Autobiography (London: Simon and Schuster, 1985), 218.
6. John Coldstream, “Introduction,” in Dirk Bogarde, Ever, Dirk: The Bogarde Letters, ed. John Coldstream (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008), 8.
7. See Nicholas Ridout, Stage Fright, Animals, and Other Theatrical Problems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 48–50.
8. Polly Morland, The Society for Timid Souls; or, How to Be Brave (London: Profile, 2013), 131.
9. Georg Simmel, “The Metropolis and Mental Life,” in Cl
assic Essays on the Culture of Cities, ed. Richard Sennett (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969), 51, 53.
10. Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, trans. James Strachey (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1976), 340–341.
11. Edward Shorter, A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 30; Edward Shorter, How Everyone Became Depressed: The Rise and Fall of the Nervous Breakdown (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 68.
12. Josiah Morse, The Psychology and Neurology of Fear (Worcester, MA: Clark University Press, 1907), 91, 85, 92.
13. Eugene Gruenberg, “Stage-Fright,” Musical Quarterly 5, no. 2 (1919): 226, 221.
14. Janet Morgan, Agatha Christie: A Biography (London: Collins, 1984), 27.
15. Morgan, Agatha Christie, 42.
16. Erving Goffman, Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behaviour (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1972), 103.
17. Agatha Christie, An Autobiography (London: HarperCollins, 2011), 353; Laura Thompson, Agatha Christie: An English Mystery (London: Headline, 2007), 364.
18. Max Mallowan, Mallowan’s Memoirs (London: Collins, 1977), 195; Agatha Christie, Come, Tell Me How You Live: An Archaeological Memoir (London: HarperCollins, 1999), 33.
19. Agatha Christie, “Hercule Poirot, Fiction’s Greatest Detective,” Daily Mail, January 15, 1938; John Gross, ed., The New Oxford Book of Literary Anecdotes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 267.
20. Agatha Christie, “Introduction,” in Peter Saunders, The Mousetrap Man (London: Collins, 1972), 9; Morgan, Agatha Christie, 310.
21. Christie, An Autobiography, 517.
22. Agatha Christie and Mathew Pritchard, “Why They Wanted to Take 20 Years Off Poirot (and Give Him a Girlfriend),” Daily Mail, July 10, 2010.
23. Kevin Bazzana, Wondrous Strange: The Life and Art of Glenn Gould (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 179.
24. Lynne Walker, “My Life Fell Apart . . . ,” Independent on Sunday (London), May 30, 2010; Alfred Hickling, “Pain Stopped Play,” Guardian, March 9, 2007.
25. Brian Masters, Getting Personal: A Biographer’s Memoir (London: Constable, 2002), 240, 245.
26. Glenn Gould, “The Prospects of Recording,” in The Glenn Gould Reader, ed. Tim Page (New York: Knopf, 1984), 332.
27. Glenn Gould, “Rubinstein,” in Page, Glenn Gould Reader, 289–290.
28. Bazzana, Wondrous Strange, 284.
29. Geoffrey Payzant, Glenn Gould: Music and Mind (Toronto: Key Porter, 1992), 55.
30. Brian Cullman, “Nick Drake,” in The Pink Moon Files, ed. Jason Creed (London: Omnibus Press, 2011), 48–49; Nick Drake: Remembered for a While (London: John Murray, 1974), 368.
31. Joe Boyd, White Bicycles: Making Music in the 1960s (London: Serpent’s Tail, 2006), 191.
32. “Georges Moustaki,” Daily Telegraph (UK), May 26, 2013.
33. Patrick Humphries, Nick Drake: The Biography (London: Bloomsbury, 1998), 129.
34. Peter Paphides, “Stranger to the World,” Observer (London), April 25, 2004.
35. Nick Drake: Remembered for a While, 163.
36. Nick Drake: Remembered for a While, 353.
37. Morse, Psychology and Neurology of Fear, 89; Elizabeth Taylor, A Game of Hide and Seek (London: Virago, 2009), 32.
38. Rob Young, Electric Eden: Unearthing Britain’s Visionary Music (London: Faber, 2010), 41.
39. Trevor Beeson, In Tuneful Accord: The Church Musicians (London: SCM Press, 2009), 107.
40. Claire Walker, “Return of the Flower Child,” Scotsman, July 19, 2000.
41. Peter Ross, “Vashti Bunyan,” Sunday Herald (Scotland), October 16, 2005.
42. Carla Casagrande, “The Protected Woman,” in A History of Women in the West: Silences of the Middle Ages, ed. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 88, 100.
43. Charlotte Greig, “Molly Drake: How the Wild Wind Blows,” New Welsh Review 103 (Spring 2014): 42.
44. Donald Kaplan, “Stage Fright,” in Clinical and Social Realities, ed. Louise J. Kaplan (Northvale, NJ: J. Aronson, 1995), 132.
45. Terry Pinkard, “Introduction,” in Heinrich Heine, On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany and Other Writings, ed. Terry Pinkard, trans. Howard Pollack-Milgate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), viii.
Chapter 6
Shy Art
1. Shelley Rohde, A Private View of L. S. Lowry (London: Collins, 1979), 252.
2. Alan Woods, “Community, Crowds, Cripples,” Cambridge Quarterly 10, no. 1 (1981): 7.
3. Allen Andrews, The Life of L. S. Lowry (London: Jupiter, 1977), 108.
4. L. S. Lowry, 1887–1976 (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1976), 36.
5. Rhys Blakely, “How We’re Failing Children with Autism,” Times (London), April 12, 2014.
6. Michael Howard, Lowry: A Visionary Artist (Salford: Lowry Press, 1999), 123.
7. Andrews, Life of L. S. Lowry, 23.
8. Lorna Wing, “Syndromes of Autism and Atypical Development,” in Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, ed. Donald J. Cohen and Fred R. Volkmar (London: Wiley, 1997), 160.
9. Clara Claiborne Park, Exiting Nirvana: A Daughter’s Life with Autism (London: Aurum Press, 2001), 129. See also 126.
10. Édouard Roditi, Dialogues on Art (Santa Barbara, CA: Ross-Erikson, 1980), 106.
11. Roditi, Dialogues on Art, 105.
12. Joseph Brodsky, “In the Shadow of Dante,” in Less Than One: Selected Essays (London: Penguin, 2011), 101.
13. Cesare Pavese, Dialogues with Leucó, trans. William Arrowsmith and D. S. Carne Ross (London: Peter Owen, 1965), vii; Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, Letters from London and Europe (1925–30), ed. Gioacchino Lanza Tomasi and Salvatore Silvano Nigro, trans. J. G. Nichols (London: Alma Books, 2010), 63.
14. Philip Roth, “Conversation in Turin with Primo Levi,” in Shop Talk: A Writer and His Colleagues and Their Work (London: Vintage, 2002), 6.
15. Janet Abramowicz, Giorgio Morandi: The Art of Silence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), 216.
16. Karen Wilkin, Giorgio Morandi: Works, Writings, Interviews (Barcelona: Ediciones Poligrafa, 2007), 39, 128.
17. Darian Leader, The New Black: Mourning, Melancholia and Depression (London: Penguin, 2009), 30, 2; Darian Leader, What Is Madness? (London: Penguin, 2012), 31.
18. Sigmund Freud, “Civilization and Its Discontents,” in Civilization, Society and Religion, trans. James Strachey, ed. Albert Dickson (London: Penguin, 1985), 286, 279; Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, trans. James Strachey, ed. James Strachey and Angela Richards (London: Penguin, 1991), 41.
19. Hilde Lewinsky, “The Nature of Shyness,” British Journal of Psychology 32, no. 2 (1941): 112.
20. Janet Frame, The Envoy from Mirror City: Autobiography 3 (London: Flamingo, 1993), 127.
21. Frame, Envoy from Mirror City, 173.
22. Janet Frame, “A Statement,” in Janet Frame: In Her Own Words, ed. Denis Harold and Pamela Gordon (Rosedale, New Zealand: Penguin, 2011), 50.
23. Frame, Envoy from Mirror City, 133.
24. Anthony Storr, Solitude (London: HarperCollins, 1997), 115.
25. Robert Hugh Cawley, “Janet Frame’s Contribution to the Education of a Psychiatrist,” in The Inward Sun: Celebrating the Life and Work of Janet Frame, ed. Elizabeth Alley (Sydney: Allen and Unwin 1994), 11.
26. Geoffrey Moorhouse, “Cold Comfort,” Guardian, July 5, 2008.
27. Janet Frame, Towards Another Summer (London: Virago, 2009), 88.
28. Frame, Towards Another Summer, 14, 41.
29. Michael King, Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame (London: Picador, 2001), 438.
30. Wrestling with the Angel (dir. Peter Bell, 2004), available at http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/wrestling-with-the-angel-2004; King, Wrestling with the Angel, 248.
31. Frame, Towards Another Summer, 119–121.
32. Janet Frame, Scented Gardens for the
Blind (London: Women’s Press, 1982), 12, 87.
33. Frame, Scented Gardens, 106, 180–181.
34. King, Wrestling with the Angel, 367; Douglas Wright, Ghost Dance (Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin, 2004), 140–141.
35. Tuula Karjalainen, Tove Jansson: Work and Love, trans. David McDuff (London: Particular Books, 2014), 125–126.
36. Boel Westin, Tove Jansson: Life, Art, Words: The Authorised Biography, trans. Silvester Mazzarella (London: Sort Of Books, 2014), 431; Westin, Tove Jansson, 283.
37. Tove Jansson, “Travelling Light,” in A Winter Book: Selected Stories, trans. Silvester Mazzarella, David McDuff, and Kingsley Hart (London: Sort Of Books, 2006), 185.
38. Tove Jansson, “The Listener,” in The Listener, trans. Thomas Teal (London: Sort Of Books, 2014), 13–14.
39. Westin, Tove Jansson, 495, 306; Tove Jansson, “Messages,” in A Winter Book, 164, 167–168.
40. Karjalainen, Tove Jansson, 270; Adrian Mitchell, “Valley of the Trolls,” Sunday Times (London), December 6, 1992; Westin, Tove Jansson, 496.
41. Frank Kermode, “What Lowry Did,” Listener, September 27, 1979, 418.
Chapter 7
The War against Shyness
1. Arthur Hopcraft, The Football Man: People and Passions in Soccer (London: Collins, 1968), 127. See also 86, 12.
2. Gordon Burn, Best and Edwards: Football, Fame and Oblivion (London: Faber, 2006), 223.
3. Deborah Cohen, Family Secrets: Living with Shame from the Victorians to the Present Day (London: Viking, 2013), xviii.
4. Tom Harrisson and Charles Madge, Britain by Mass-Observation (London: Cresset Library, 1986), 183; Tom Harrisson, “Whistle While You Work,” in New Writing, New Series I, Autumn 1938, ed. John Lehmann (London: Hogarth Press, 1938), 51.
5. Mass-Observation, “Awkward Moments,” File Report 3002 (Mass Observation Online digital archive), May 1948.
6. B. Seebohm Rowntree and G. R. Lavers, English Life and Leisure: A Social Study (London: Longmans, 1951), 119, 74, 80.
7. Alan Bennett, “Written on the Body,” in Untold Stories (London: Faber/Profile, 2005), 148; Alan Bennett, “Dinner at Noon,” in Writing Home (London: Faber, 1994), 32. See also 34.
8. Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1971), 133. See also 120.