in Washington, D.C., 186, 192–94
D.C. police, 198–99, 245
Declaration of Independence, 31, 259, 283
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions, 101, 282
Decoration Day parade, 88
Delaware, 259, 267, 289
Delsarte, Françoise, 169–70
Democratic National Committee, Woman’s Bureau, 254
Democratic Party, 44, 46, 55, 56, 203–4, 208–9, 215, 222, 224–25, 230, 232, 249, 258–59
pro-suffrage Democrats, 267
Southern Democrats, 203–4, 249, 258, 262, 266–67, 270, 275
Dennett, Mary Ware, 195, 196, 202–3, 209
Detroit, Michigan, 56–59, 61
Detroit Free Press, 58, 73
Detroit Public Library, 59, 61
Dewey, John, 180–81
District National Bank, 299
divorce reform, 132–33, 144, 145
Dobb’s Ferry, New York, 77
Douglass, Frederick, 129
Drinkwater, John, Lincoln, 292
DuBois, W. E. B., 86, 195
Durst, Lillian, 47
Ebenezer United Methodist Church, 9
Eclectic Club luncheon, 153–54
education, women and, 28, 29–30, 97–98, 115, 194
Eggleston, Edward, 84
Egypt, 178, 179
enslaved people, 6, 7–8, 9, 22, 204
Equitable Building, 91–92
Equitable Life Assurance Society, 56, 58, 68, 79, 82, 91–94, 118–19, 134–36, 148
European tour, 181–82
Evans, Mrs. J. B., 273
evolutionary theory, 62, 80, 96–97, 133
“fallen women,” xi–xii, 49, 115, 116, 122, 127, 137
federal approach. See Susan B. Anthony Amendment
Federal Equality Association, 211
feminism
evolutionary theory and, 96–97
freethought movement and, 132
see also women’s rights
fiction, gender bias in, 110–11
Fifteenth Amendment, 31–32, 194, 213, 214, 250–51, 258, 275
efforts to repeal, 251
enforcement of, 273, 291 (see also Jim Crow laws)
First Annual National Purity Congress, 140
Flower, B. O., 122, 136, 147–48
Follett family, 36–37, 40, 46
Forster, Rudolph, 260–61, 262, 285, 287, 289, 298
Fort Monroe, Virginia, 164, 193
Fort Williams, Maine, 166, 168–69
Fourteenth Amendment, 31–32, 194
Foy, Mary, 286, 287
France, 179–82
Free Democrat, 15, 16
Freedman, Estelle, 138
freedmen, 22
free love, 77–78
freethinkers, 54, 73, 75, 77, 86, 95–96, 132, 157, 158
Freethinkers’ magazine, 54, 144 (see also Free Thought magazine)
Free Thought magazine, 144, 158, 159
freethought movement, 61–62, 68–69, 73–75, 81, 86
cremation and, 157
evolutionary theory and, 95–96
feminism and, 132
free love and, 77
meetings of, 76
freethought organizations, 86
freethought publications, 54, 74–75. See also specific publications
Fugitive Slave Act, 8–9
Funk, Antoinette, 215–16, 220
Gage, Matilda Joslyn, 102, 132
History of Woman Suffrage, 102, 219, 283, 284
Woman, Church, and State, 81
Gallipolis, Ohio, 57
Gardener, Helen Hamilton, xi, xii–xiii, 220
in 1890, 91
1919 legislative campaign, 269
in 1924, 293
advocates divorce reform, 132, 144
age thirty-two, 66
anti-racist heritage of, 202, 252
appointed NAWSA vice president, 248–49
appointed special White House liaison of U.S. Civil Service Commission, 291
appointed to U.S. Civil Service Commission, 287–88, 289
appointed vice chairman of NAWSA’s Congressional Committee, 270
arranges press blackout of NWP as suffragists, 242–43
arranges to donate memorabilia to Smithsonian, 282–83, 286
asks Wilson to appoint Catt to Peace Commission, 268
in Atlanta, Georgia, 140–41
attaches her name to petition demanding municipal suffrage for women in Massachusetts, 142–43
attends meeting of International League of Press Clubs, 141
attends World’s Congress of Representative Women, 127, 128–30, 131
becomes coeditor of The Arena, 135–36
biography of, 303
blocked from speaking at Stanton’s memorial, 171
brain donation, xiii, 300–302, 302
burial of, 303
buys a home in Washington, D.C., 188–89
called “Ingersoll in Soprano,” 73
campaign to raise age of sexual consent for girls, 136–40, 142, 143
celebration of ratification and, 291
champions equal pay for equal work and right to work after marriage, 294–95
checks Smart into the Westport Sanitarium, 155
in Chicago for final NAWSA convention, 286
clothing of, 130
as coeditor of Free Thought magazine, 144
as coeditor of The Arena, 135–43, 147–48
correspondence with John Sharp Williams, 232–33, 236–37, 258–59, 271–72
credited for creation of House Committee on Woman’s Suffrage, 244
criticisms of her fiction writing, 113–14
critique of Christianity by, 70–73
critiques of, 76–77
Day and, 159, 163–68, 170–73, 175–77, 183–85, 232–33, 235, 303
death of, xii–xiii, 298–99
denounces free love, 77–78
economic struggles of, 88–92, 94, 100, 108, 119–20, 134–35, 147, 158, 166, 176, 284–85, 292
estate of, 299–300
European tour pioneering new form of adventure travel, 181–82
fascination with Japan, 175–77
files for widow’s pension, 269
at First Annual National Purity Congress, 140
in France, 179–83, 180, 185, 185
headlines meetings in conjunction with Cotton States and International Exposition, 140
health issues of, 78, 82, 100–101, 108, 118–20, 158, 188, 219, 225, 236, 264, 284–85, 293, 298, 299
helps secure appointments for women, 285–87
horseback riding, 167, 168, 170
Ingersoll and, 62, 68–70, 73–74, 76–77, 79, 84–85, 87, 113, 120, 157
at International Council of Women, 103–6
journey around the world with Day, 172–84
leaving White House, 261, 263
legacy of, 303
lobbies for Day’s promotion, 232–33, 235
lobbies for larger widow’s pension, 269–70
memorialization of, 303
on memorializing suffrage leaders, 296–98
memorial service, 298–99
in Montclair, New Jersey, 184
moves to Boston, Massachusetts, 135–36, 147
moves to Washington, D.C., 184
names used in correspondence, 184
NAWSA and, 191–92, 195–207, 196–207, 208–20, 212–13, 219, 221–49, 230–31, 247, 248–49, 262, 270, 276–78, 280–82, 284–85, 296–97
as NAWSA’s “diplomatic corps,” 221–49, 250–79
in New York City, 81–82, 83–94, 151–54
objects to merger of NWSA with AWSA, 131
official signing ceremonies and, 275–76, 276, 277, 282
orders her papers to be burned, 300
party affiliation of, 259
with Paul, 197, 200
personal magnetism and social intuition of, 277–78
personal thoughts on marriage, 170
prepares for The Reverend Griffith Davenport, 151–52
presents case for female autonomy before National Congress of Mothers, 145–46, 148
press focus on her looks, 74, 130
prints two calling cards, 186
profiles of, 123–24, 127
race and, 228–29, 256–57, 303
ratification effort and, 285, 289, 290
rebuts Hammond, 98–99
receives invitation to headline Pacific Woman’s Congress, 148–50
relationship with Harding White House, 293–94
relationship with Wilson White House, 222–25, 228–30, 234–35, 237–40, 242, 246–48, 254–55, 258–65, 268, 274, 276–77, 279, 285–89, 289
remains “free lance” in relation to women’s rights organizations, 132
reputation as a Southerner, 127, 252–53
rising stature in Washington, D.C., 232
rivalry with Paul, 207, 208–20
sends subscriptions of Woman’s Journal to five members of Congress, 236
sidelined from suffrage movement, 219
sitting sessions for Johnson’s “gallery of eminent women,” 169–70, 297, 303
Sixty-Fifth Congress and, 256–75
Smart and, 77–78, 84, 87, 91–92, 108–9, 123–25, 134–35, 156–58, 164, 166, 170, 173–75, 269
“Southern Wall of Opposition” and, 252–53, 256–75
in St. Louis, Missouri, 78–79
suffers breakdown after Smart’s death, 158
at Suffrage House, 231, 281
testimony before Congress, 205–6, 218, 219, 240
at thirty-nine, 121
tombstone of, 303
travels of, 78–79, 118, 125–27, 149–50, 151–52, 159, 163–66, 171, 172–84, 178, 219, 222, 284–85, 293
tribute to Anthony, 286
tries to register for classes at Columbia University, 95, 97, 115
turn away from lyceum circuit, 113
turns to fiction, 108, 109–27
as U.S. Civil Service commissioner, 288–89, 289, 291–95, 292, 298
victory celebration at Suffrage House, 280
visits Day in Puerto Rico, 159, 163–66
in Washington, D.C., 166–67, 186–207
white privilege and, 229, 252, 256–57, 303
will of, 295, 299–300
on Woman’s Bible Revising Committee, 103, 126
See also Chenoweth, Mary Alice; Gardener, Helen Hamilton, works, speeches, and lectures by
Gardener, Helen Hamilton, works, speeches, and lectures by, 89–90, 104, 110–14, 120, 129–30, 131, 133–34, 140–41, 144, 149–50, 153–54, 187–88, 187
1886 lecture in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, 90
address on heredity at Stanford University, 150
brain essays, 99–100
“China as I Saw It: Inside the Home,” 188
critiques Putnam’s Waifs and Wanderings, 75–76, 86
“The Cultured Poor,” 89
delivers four keynote addresses at World’s Congress of Representative Women, 129–30
delivers speech on NAWSA’s Suffrage Day, 140–41
“Egypt: Old and New,” 188
essays by, 68–69
Facts and Fictions of Life, 134
first letter to Tumulty, 222–24
first short story collection (A Thoughtless Yes), 113
“Florence Campbell’s Fate,” 111
gives talks at Boston women’s clubs, 136
“Historical Facts and Theological Fictions,” 79–80
Is This Your Son, My Lord? 114, 116–17, 120
“The Lady of the Club,” 154–55
last public speech, 296–97
“Lawsuit of Legacy,” 92
“Lecture by the New Male Star,” 74
lectures about importance of women in government, 293–94
lectures at World’s Columbian Exposition, 131, 133, 134
lecture tours, 73–75, 78–79, 149–51
letter defending herself against Slenker, 77
letter entreating Williams to vote for suffrage, 256–59
“The Man at the Window,” 154
memorial to Smart in Free Thought magazine, 159
memos to Catt, 225–28, 230–31
Men, Women, and Gods, 66, 79, 80–81, 82, 100, 103
“Men, Women, and Gods” lecture, 3, 67–75, 76, 83
“The Moral Responsibility of Woman in Heredity, 148–50
“My Patient’s Story,” 111
“Our Heroic Dead,” 296–97
“Ourselves and Other People,” 187–88, 187
poem to Wilson, 263–64
Pray You Sir, Whose Daughter? 120–23, 139, 235
pro-Japanese articles for American press, 177
Pushed by Unseen Hands, 120
reads An Unofficial Patriot at a benefit for the Woman’s Congress, 150
“Rome or Reason,” 84
sarcastic review of anti-suffrage treatise, 143
second short story collection (Pushed by Unseen Hands), 120
“Sex in Brain” lecture, 104–6, 108, 131, 151, 171
“Sex Maniacs,” 115
“Some Moral and Religious Ideas of the Japanese,” 188
speaks at Science Sermons Society, 108
speaks on divorce at Woman’s Congress in Boston, 144
speech at International Council of Women, 103–6, 131
speeches on NASWA’s day at 1893 world’s fair, 133–34
“A Theory in Tatters,” 140–41
A Thoughtless Yes, 113
“The Time-Lock of Our Ancestors,” 111–13
An Unofficial Patriot, 18, 125–27, 134, 135, 150, 151–52, 248, 252
“Why I’m a Suffragist,” 218–19
“Woman as an Annex,” 131, 133
Woman in the Saddle, 170
“Woman Suffrage: Which Way,” 213
Gardner, Mrs. Gilson (Matilda), 212
Garfield Safe Deposit Company, 149, 173–75
Gay, Edward, 275
gender biases, 96–108, 110–11, 302, 303. See also sex differences
George, Henry, 85, 88
Progress and Poverty, 88
Georgia, 138, 273
Georgia Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, 273
Germany, 181
Gidlow, Liette, 251
Gillett, Frederick, 276, 276
Gilman, Arthur, 92
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, Women and Economics, 81
Golden Gate Hall, 150
Goldman, Emma, 86
gonorrhea, 140, 146
Gordon, Kate, 213, 252
Gordon, Linda, 44
Grant, Ulysses S., 17, 23, 45, 52, 84
Grant’s Tomb, 88
Great Awakening, 6
Greencastle, Indiana, 10–11, 14–15, 16–17, 19, 21
Greene, Duff, 193
Greene, William, 255
Grimké, Angelina, 19
Grimké, Sarah, 19
“Letters on the Equality of the Sexes,” 6
Griswold Hotel, 59
Hale, Frederick, 275
Hamilton, Alexander, 68
Hammond, William A., 97–98, 99, 104–5, 108, 180, 181, 299, 301
“Brain-Forcing in Childhood,” 98
Harding, Warren G., 290, 293
Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, 31
Harris, Thomas A., 125–26
Harris, William, 274, 275
Harrison, Pat, 275
Harrison, William Henry, 12
Harrisonburg, Virginia, 284–85
Hartford (Connecticut) Female Seminary, 28
Harvard University, 97, 115, 116, 151
Hatcher, Frederick, 21
Hatcher, Henry, 21
Hatcher, John, 21
Hatcher, Julia (Chenoweth), 21
death of, 34, 60
See also Chenoweth, Julia
Hatcher, Parmela, 21, 34. See also Chenoweth, Parmela
Hatcher family, 21–22. See also specific family members
Hawaii, 175–76
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Scarlet Letter, 118
Hay, Mary, 266
Hayden, Carl, 254
Hayden, Sophia, 129
Hayes, Rutherford B., 52–53
H. D. Campbell and Co., 148
Heflin, James, 241
Hempstead, Long Island, 132
Henry, Robert Lee, 211, 215–16
heredity, 133, 140, 145, 146, 148–50
Herne, James, 152–53
Margaret Fleming, 152
The Reverend Griffith Davenport, 152–53
Herne, Katherine, 152
Hicks, Frederick Jr., 256
higher education, women and, 97–98, 115, 194
Hinds’ Precedents, 245
Hollingworth, Leta Stetter, 180–81
Holly, Carrie, 142
Holmes, William, 282
Hong Kong, 178
Hooker, Charles, 193–94
Howard University, 202
Hughes, Charles Evans, 224, 230
humor, 74, 86, 210, 263, 293
Huxley, Thomas, 69
Hyde, Henry, 92, 93–94, 119
Idaho, woman suffrage movement and, 272
Idaho Republican Party, 273
Illinois, 138, 139, 212
immigration, 87–88
Imperial University of Tokyo, brain collection at, 177
Indiana, 10–11, 12, 14–15, 20, 125–26
Indiana Asbury University (DePauw University), 10, 11, 12
Indianapolis, Indiana, 125–26
Ingersoll, Eva, 77
Ingersoll, Robert, 62–63, 71, 73, 74, 79, 165
cremation of, 157
death of, 77, 158, 171, 172
decries free love, 77
devotion to his family, 77–78
elected president of ASU, 75
encourages Alice, 62
endorses Gardener’s Pushed by Unseen Hands, 120
fame of, 73
favoritism toward Gardener, 76–77
as “the Great Agnostic,” 54
introduces Gardener’s lecture, 70
lecture at Detroit Opera House, 62
lecture tour (1877–78), 53–54
“The Liberty of Man, Woman, and Child,” 54
opens doors for Gardener, 68–69, 73–74
“Plumed Knight” address, 52
social gatherings hosted by, 84–87, 90
Ingersoll family, 81–82, 83–85, 293
inheritance laws, 19–20
insurance industry, 91–94. See also Equitable Life Assurance Society
International Council of Women (ICW), 101–6, 108, 131
International League of Press Clubs, 141
International Suffrage Commission, 268
Italy, 181–82
Jackson, Stonewall, 16, 164
Jackson Standard, 46, 47, 48
Jacobi, Mary Putnam, 97
James, Henry, 182
Japan, 175–77
Jefferson, Thomas, xiii, 14, 272, 296
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