353: Kurdish tribes gain strength since World War II: Martin van Bruinessen, “Kurds, States, and Tribes.” Paper presented at the conference “Tribes and Power in the Middle East,” London, Jan. 23–24, 1999. Available from www.let.uu.nl/~martin.vanbruinessen/ personal/publications/Kurds.
360: Hakkari population growth: Kurdish Human Rights Project, press release, London, Nov. 28, 2002.
362–63: livestock figures: McDowall, A Modern History, p. 448.
363: report on 2002 elections: Kurdish Human Rights Project, press release, London, Nov. 28, 2002.
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: Kurds Among Nations
368–69: Turkey’s 2003 reform packages: “Europeanisation of Turkey’s Democracy?” Centre for European Policy Studies Sept. 23, 2003. Available from www.euractiv.com; New York Times, Aug. 4, 2003.
369: “pass all the laws you want”: Radikal, Aug. 25, 2003.
371: Osman Öcalan wants to cooperate with West: Guardian, Oct. 8, 2003.
375: Mem u Zin story: as related by Michael L. Chyet, “And a Thornbush Sprang Up,” pp. 6–9.
375: Khani’s message of self-determination: Ibid., pp. 61–62, quoting earlier scholars Amir Hassanpour-Aghdam, Roger Lescot, and Ferhad Shakely; Kreyenbroek and Allison, Kurdish Culture, p. 11.
375: “Our misfortune has reached its zenith”: Khani poem, as translated by Shahin Baker and Bawermend. Available from Kurdish Poetry, www.welat.50megs.com.
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�
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A Thousand Sighs, A Thousand Revolts
A READER’S GUIDE
Christiane Bird
To print out copies of this or other
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Reading Group Questions and Topics for Discussion
Who are the Kurds?
Why has it taken the Kurds so many centuries to acquire a national consciousness?
How does the history of the Kurds of Turkey and Iraq differ from the history of the Kurds of Iran? How do the Kurds of each nation differ from one another today?
Should the Kurds have their own independent nation-state? If so, should all ethnic groups have their own independent nation-states? How might this affect world history?
What is the status of Kurdish women? How does it compare to that of women in other Muslim cultures?
What is the relationship of the Kurds—historically and today—with Christian groups in the region?
What is the attitude of many Kurds toward Islam?
Can the Kurds preserve their traditional culture in the wake of sudden modernization?
What effect have the Internet and satellite communications had on the Kurds?
1 A smaller version of the campaign began in spring, 1987.
2 By 2002, the third-largest party was the considerably more moderate Kurdistan Islamic Union, which traces its roots to the Muslim Brotherhood movement.
3 One donum = 0.618 acre or 2,500 square feet.
CHRISTIANE BIRD is the author of Neither East Nor West: One Woman’s Journey Through the Islamic Republic of Iran and The Jazz and Blues Lover’s Guide to the U.S., and coauthor of Below the Line: Living Poor in America. A graduate of Yale University, she lives in New York City.
Also by Christiane Bird
NEITHER EAST NOR WEST: ONE WOMAN’S JOURNEY THROUGH THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
THE JAZZ AND BLUES LOVER’S GUIDE TO THE U.S.
BELOW THE LINE: LIVING POOR IN AMERICA (COAUTHOR)
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Bird, Christiane.
A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan / Christiane Bird.
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1. Kurdistån (Iraq)—Description and travel. 2. Kurdistån (Iraq)—Politics and government.
3. Kurds—Iraq—Social life and customs. 4. Bird, Christiane—Travel—Iraq—Kurdistan.
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