17R. O’Mahony et al., “Bactericidal and Anti-Adhesive Properties of Culinary and Medicinal Plants against H. pylori,” World Journal of Gastroenterology 11, no. 47 (December 21, 2005): 7499–507, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437723.
18Alan C. Logan, The Brain Diet: The Connection between Nutrition, Mental Health, and Intelligence (Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing, 2006), 115.
19E. Guilllemard et al., “Consumption of a Fermented Dairy Product Containing the Probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN114001 Reduces the Duration of Respiratory Infections in the Elderly in a Randomised Controlled Trial,” British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 58–68, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747410.
20“Product Review: Probiotics for Adults, Children and Pets,” February 23, 2015, consumerlab.com/reviews/Probiotic_Supplements_Lactobacillus_acidophilus_Bifidobacterium/probiotics/.
21P. Bercik et al., “Chronic Gastrointestinal Inflammation Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alters Central Nervous System Biochemistry in Mice,” Gastroenterology 139, no. 6 (December 2010): 2102–12, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20600016.
22J. Feher et al., “Role of Gastrointestinal Inflammations in the Development and Treatment of Depression,” Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 37 (September 2012): 1477–85, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893478.
23M. Messaoudi et al., “Assessment of Psychotropic-like Properties of a Probiotic Formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in Rats and Human Subjects,” British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 5 (March 2011): 755–64, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974015.
24M. K. Park et al., “Lactobacillus plantarum DK119 as a Probiotic Confers Protection against Influenza Virus by Modulating Innate Immunity,” PLoS One 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2013): e75368, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124485.
25T. Schmitz-Hübsch et al., “Qigong Exercise for the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Pilot Study,” Movement Disorders: Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society 21, no. 4 (April 2006): 543–48, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229022.
26D. J. Wassom et al., “Qigong Exercise May Improve Sleep Quality and Gait Performance in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study,” International Journal of Neuroscience, published electronically ahead of publication on October 22, 2014, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233147.
27T. L. Yost and A. G. Taylor, “Qigong as a Novel Intervention for Service Members with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury,” Explore (NY) 9, no. 3 (May–June 2013): 142–49, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23643369.
28“Brain Scans, Blood Tests Show Positive Effects of Meditation,” Health Behavior News Service (August 14, 2003), newswise.com/articles/brain-scans-blood-tests-show-positive-effects-of-meditation.
29T. Htut, “The Effects of Meditation on the Body,” September 18, 1999.
30D. J. Wang et al., “Cerebral Blood Flow Changes Associated with Different Meditation Practices and Perceived Depth of Meditation,” Psychiatry Research 191, no. 1 (January 30, 2011): 60–67, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21145215.
31B. Pradhan and H. Nagendra, “Immediate Effect of Two Yoga-Based Relaxation Techniques on Attention in Children,” International Journal of Yoga 3, no. 2 (July 2010): 67–69, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21170232.
32Michelle Schoffro Cook, DNM, DAc, CNC, The 4-Week Ultimate Body Detox Plan (Toronto: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2006).
33S. N. Katterman, “Mindfulness Meditation As an Intervention for Binge-Eating, Emotional Eating, and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review,” Eating Behaviors 15, no. 2 (April 2014): 197–204, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24854804.
34Kathleen Doheny, “Remember This: Exercise Boosts Your Brain Power,” April 6, 2012, webmd.com/fitness-exercise/news/20120406/remember-this-exercise-boosts-your-brainpower.
35Ibid.
36S. M. Landau et al., “Association of Lifetime Cognitive Engagement and Low ß-Amyloid Deposition,” Archives of Neurology 69, no. 5 (2012): 623–29, dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.2748.
37A. Lundqvist, K. Grundstrom, et al., “Computerized Training of Working Memory in a Group of Patients Suffering from Acquired Brain Injury,” Brain Injury 24, no. 10 (September 2010): 1173–83, dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2010.498007.
38G. E. Smith, P. Housen, et al., “A Cognitive Training Program Based on Principles of Brain Plasticity: Results from the Improvement in Memory with Plasticity-Based Adaptive Cognitive Training (IMPACT) Study,” Journal of the American Geriatric Society 57, no. 4 (April 2009): 594–603, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220558.
39Laura Donnelly, “Running Guards Against Dementia, Keeps the Brain’s Memory Centre Young: Study,” March 17, 2014, news.nationalpost.com/2014/03/17/running-guards-against-dementia-keeps-the-brains-memory-centre-young-study/#__federated=1.
40I. Sample, “Start Running and Watch Your Brain Grow, Say Scientists,” Guardian, January 18, 2010, theguardian.com/science/2010/jan/18/running-brain-memory-cell-growth.
41Kelly Crowe and Terry Reith, “Doctors Writing Prescriptions to Get Patients Active,” May 4, 2013, cbc.ca/news/health/doctors-writing-prescriptions-to-get-patients-active-1.1355824.
42K. Hotting et al., “Long Term Effects of Physical Exercise on Verbal Learning and Memory in Middle-Aged Adults: Results of a One-Year Follow Up Study,” Brain Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 27, 2012): 332–46, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24961197.
43Y. Geda et al., “Caloric Intake, Aging, and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Population-Based Study,” American Academy of Neurology (AAN), February 13, 2012.
44J. M. Brunstrom, “Mind over Platter: Pre-Meal Planning and the Control of Meal Size in Humans,” International Journal of Obesity (London) 38, sup. 1 (July 2014): S9–S12, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105578/.
45O. Khazan, “We Eat about 92% of the Food on Our Plates,” Atlantic, July 25, 2014, theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/07/we-eat-92-percent-of-the-food-on-our-plates/375016/.
Chapter 6
1E. Guillemard et al., “Consumption of a Fermented Dairy Product Containing the Probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN114001 Reduces the Duration of Respiratory Infections in the Elderly in a Randomised Controlled Trial,” British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 1 (January 2010): 58–68, cbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19747410.
2Alan C. Logan, The Brain Diet (Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing, 2006), 115.
3M. Tamura et al., “Effects of Probiotics on Allergic Rhinitis Induced by Japanese Cedar Pollen: Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial,” International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 143, no. 1 (December 2007): 75–82, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17199093.
4“Could Deficiency in B Vitamins Be the Key Factor Spiking the Rise in Dementia and Alzheimer’s?” September 28, 2010, articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/09/28/high-doses-of-b-vitamins-can-reduce-brain-shrinkage-memory-loss.aspx.
5M. C. Morris et al., “Dietary Niacin and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and of Cognitive Decline,” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 75, no. 8 (August 2004): 1093–99, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15258207.
6“Tryptophan, Niacin Protect Against Alzheimer’s,” July 16, 2004, http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/sepp/2004/07/16/tryptophan_niacin_protect_against_alzheimers.htm.
7“Drugs and Supplements: Niacin,” Mayo Clinic, November 1, 2013, mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/niacin--niacinamide/evidence/hrb-20059838.
8Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
9M. S. Morris et al., “Depression and Folate Status in the US Population,” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 72, no. 2 (March–April 2003): 80–87.
10Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
11Ibid.
12Genevieve Des Jarlais, “Alternatives to Prozac,” March 1, 2005, mail.alternativemedicine.com/article-display/8697/subTopicID/172/Brain-Food-The-Natural-Cure-for-Depression.
13“Low Vitamin B12 Is Associated with Poorer Memory in O
lder People with High Risk Genotype for Alzheimer’s,” Neuropsychology, April 4, 2004, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2004/04/cognitive-support.aspx.
14Ibid.
15Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
16C. W. Shults, “Coenzyme Q10 Slows Progression of Parkinsons,” Archives of Neurology 59, no. 10 (2002): 1541–50.
17Ibid.
18“Alzheimer’s Linked to Mitochondrial Mutations,” www.worldhealth.net/list/news/mitochondria/?page-11.
19“Autism,” Alive Magazine, www.alive.com.
20Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
21Rachael Moeller Gorman, “Food for Thought: Can Healthy Eating Help Your Brain Stay Sharp?” Eating Well, April/May 2006.
22Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
23Ibid.
24A. G. Schulman et al., “Increased Risk of Parkinson’s Disease after Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study,” Neurology 58 (2002): 1501–4.
25H. M. van Praag, “Serotonin Precursors in the Treatment of Depression,” Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology 34 (1982): 259–86, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6753514.
26H. M. van Praag, “Management of Depression with Serotonin Precursors,” Biological Psychiatry 16, no. 3 (March 1981): 291–310, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6164407.
27A. Soulairac and H. Lambinet, “Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan, a Serotonin Precursor, on Sleep Disorders,” Annals of Medical Psychology 1 (1977): 792–98.
28I. Caruso, P. S. Puttini, M. Cazzola, and V. Azzolini, “Double-Blind Study of 5-hydroxytryptophan versus Placebo in the Treatment of Primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome,” Journal of International Medical Research 18 (1990): 201–9.
29Michael Murray, ND, Dr. Murray’s Total Body Tune-Up (New York: Bantam Books, 2000).
30James A. Duke, PhD, Dr. Duke’s Essential Herbs (New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2001), 140.
31James Balch, MD, and Mark Stengler, ND, Prescription for Natural Cures (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004), 37.
32James A. Duke, PhD, Dr. Duke’s Essential Herbs (New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2001), 145.
33Ibid., 144.
34Ibid., 145.
35Ibid., 141.
36G. D’Andrea et al., “Herbal Therapy in Migraine,” Neurological Sciences 35, sup. 1 (May 2014): 135–40, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24867850.
37J. Raghu et al., “The Ameliorative Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Ginkgo on Learning and Memory Deficits Associated with Fluoride Exposure,” Interdisciplinary Toxicology 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 217–21, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24678261.
38James A. Duke, PhD, Dr. Duke’s Essential Herbs (New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2001), 153.
39Julia Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health 33, no. 3 (April 2003): 64.
40Ibid.
41Ibid.
42Mildred S. Seelig, MD, MPH, and Andrea Rosanoff, PhD, The Magnesium Factor (New York: Avery, 2003), 278.
43Ibid.
44Maria Noel Mandile, “Vinpocetine,” Natural Health, January/February 2002.
45Ibid.
46Ibid.
47David Perlmutter, MD, BrainRecovery.com: Powerful Therapy for Challenging Brain Disorders (Naples, FL: The Perlmutter Health Center, 2000), 6.
48Ibid.
49Ibid.
50Lester Packer, PhD, and Carol Colman, The Antioxidant Miracle (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999), 19.
51G. H. Marracci, R. E. Jones, G. P. McKeon, and D. N. Bourdette, “Alpha Lipoic Acid Inhibits T Cell Migration into the Spinal Cord and Suppresses and Treats Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology 131, no. 1–2 (2002): 104–114, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12458042; M. Morini, L. Roccatagliata, R. Dell’Eva, et al., “Alpha-Lipoic Acid Is Effective in Prevention and Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis,” Journal of Neuroimmunology 148, no. 1–2 (2004): 146–53, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14975595.
52Lester Packer, PhD, and Carol Colman, The Antioxidant Miracle (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999), 157.
53“Sage May Help Alzheimer’s Sufferers,” Independent, August 29, 2003, independent.co.uk.
54P. J. Houghton, “Activity and Constituents of Sage Relevant to the Potential Treatment of Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Herbalgram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council 61 (2004): 38–53.
55“Sage May Help Alzheimer’s Sufferers,” Independent (August 29, 2003), independent.co.uk.
56P. J. Houghton, “Activity and Constituents of Sage Relevant to the Potential Treatment of Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease,” Herbalgram: The Journal of the American Botanical Council 61 (2004): 38–53.
57M. Nikfarjam et al., “The Effects of Lavandula Angustifolia Mill Infusion on Depression in Patients Using Citalopram: A Comparison Study,” Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 15, no. 8 (August 2013): 734–39, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578844.
58J. A. Duke, Dr. Duke’s Essential Herbs (New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks, 2001), 359.
59T. Matsumoto et al., “Does Lavender Aromatherapy Alleviate Premenstrual Emotional Symptoms? A Randomized Crossover Trial,” BioPsychoSocial Medicine 7 (May 31, 2013): 12, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23724853.
60Rachael Moeller Gorman, “Food for Thought: Can Healthy Eating Help Your Brain Stay Sharp?” Eating Well, April/May 2006.
61“Curry Ingredient May Stop Alzheimer’s,” Medical News Today, September 9, 2004, medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=13116.
62P. Wang et al., “Mechanisms and Effects of Curcumin on Spatial Learning and Memory Improvement in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice,” Journal of Neuroscience Research 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 218–31, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273069.
63N. Hishikawa et al., “Effect of Turmeric on Alzheimer’s Disease with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia,” Ayu 33, no. 4 (October 2012): 499–504, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23723666.
64A. M . Neyrinck et al., “Curcuma longa Extract Associated with White Pepper Lessens High Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue,” PLoS One 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2013): e81252, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24260564.
65James Hamblin, “This is Your Brain on Fish,” Atlantic, August 7, 2014, theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/08/this-is-your-brain-on-fish/375638/.
66James Balch, MD, and Mark Stengler, ND, Prescription for Natural Cures (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004), 36.
67Tolliver Maranan, “The Right Nutrients to Age-Proof Your Brain,” Natural Health, April 2003.
68Joseph Mercola, MD, “Keep Alzheimer’s Away with Fish Oil’s Secret Weapon,” April 6, 2005, mercola.com.
69“NINDS Neurotoxicity Information Page,” National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, accessed August 16, 2013, ninds.nih.gov/disorders/neurotoxicity/neurotoxicity.htm.
70Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1792, no. 5 (May 2009): 432–43.
71Dialogues in Clinical Neurosciences 15, no. 1 (March 2013): 67–76.
72Ibid.
73Neurochemistry International 60, no. 8 (June 2012): 827–36; International Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 3, no. 2 (2012): 219–41; Shou-Long Lu et al., “The Development of Nao Li Shen and its Clinical Application,” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49, no. 11 (1997): 1162–64; Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 17, no. 4 (December 1997): 299–303.
74X. L. Wang et al., “Gastrodin Prevents Motor Deficits and Oxidative Stress in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Involvement of ERK 1/2Nrf2 Signalling Pathway,” Life Sciences 114, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 77–85, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132361.
75bbc.co.uk on the 11th June 2003.
76Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 49, no. 11 (November 1997): 1162–64 and Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 17, no. 4 (Decemb
er 1997): 299–303.
77Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 9, no. 11 (November 2004): 1061–65; H. J. Kim, I. K. Hwang, and M. H. Won, “Vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Prevent Hippocampal CA1 Cell Death Following Global Ischemia,” Brain Research 1181 (November 21, 2007): 130–41; S. J. An et al., “Gastrodin Decreases Immunoreactivities of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Shunt Enzymes in the Hippocampus of Seizure-Sensitive Gerbils,” Journal of Neuroscience Research 71, no. 4 (February 15, 2003): 534–43.
78Journal of Ethnopharmacology 56, no. 1 (March 1997): 45–54.
79Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 29, no. 2 (February 2006): 261–65; China Clinical Practical Medicine 5, no. 23 (August 2010): 160–61.
80Z. L. Cai et al., “Effects of Cordycepin on Y-Maze Learning Task in Mice,” European Journal of Pharmacology 714, no. 1–3 (August 2013): 249–53, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819912.
81Z. Li et al., “Cordyceps militaris Extract Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice,” Journal of Medicinal Food 15, no. 12 (December, 2012): 1057–63, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23216110.
82J. Wang et al., “Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidant Effect of Cordymin, a Peptide Purified from the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps silnensis, in Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats,” Metabolic Brain Disease 27, no. 2 (June 2012): 159–65, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22327557.
83Z. Cheng et al., “Cordycepin Protects against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in vivo and in vitro,” European Journal of Pharmacology 664, no. 1–3 (August 2011): 20–28, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21554870.
84Ibid.
85J. Cho et al., “Antioxidant and Memory Enhancing Effects of Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanin and Cordyceps Mushroom Extract,” Archives of Pharmacal Research 26, no. 10 (October 2003): 821–25, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14609130.
86I. Tello et al., “Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes),” International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 15, no. 6 (2013): 555–68, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266379.
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