10: Fragments of a People: Thessaloniki
1.Mark Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430–1950, New York: Vintage Books, 2006, p. 398.
2.Leon Saltiel, “Dehumanizing the Dead: The Destruction of Thessaloniki’s Jewish Cemetery in the Light of New Sources,” Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 42, no. 1, 2014, pp. 11–46.
3.Ibid.
4.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 398.
5.Saltiel, “Dehumanizing the Dead,” pp. 11–46.
6.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 398.
7.Ibid., p. 50.
8.Gilles Veinstein, Salonique 1850–1918: La “ville des Juifs” et le reveil des Balkans, Paris: Editions Autrement, 1992, pp. 42–45.
9.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 48.
10.Ibid., 36–54.
11.Yitzchak Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 60, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
12.Leah Aini, “No Other Jews Like Them,” Haaretz, August 12, 2010.
13.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 298.
14.Ibid., pp. 298–301.
15.Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 300.
16.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 60.
17.Vilma Hastaoglou-Martinidis and Rena Molho, Jewish Sites in Thessaloniki: Brief History and Guide, Athens: Lacabettus Press, 2009, p. 18.
18.Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 59.
19.Aini, “No Other Jews Like Them,” Haaretz, August 12, 2010.
20.Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 60.
21.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 394.
22.Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 62.
23.Ibid.
24.Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts, p. 400.
25.Steven Bowman (ed.), The Holocaust in Salonika: Eyewitness Accounts, New York: Bloch, 2002 p. 160.
26.Paul Isaac Hagouel, History of the Jews of Thessaloniki and the Holocaust, West Chester: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006, p. 17.
27.Bowman, The Holocaust in Salonika, p. 166.
28.Steven Bowman, The Agony of Greek Jews, 1940–1945, Stanford University Press, 2009, pp. 104–108.
29.Primo Levi, If This Is a Man, New York: The Orion Press, 1959, p. 80.
30.Braha Rivlin, “Retorno del Inferno,” Aki Yerushalayim, no. 49–50, 1995.
31.Kerem, “The Confiscation of Jewish Books in Salonika in the Holocaust,” p. 63.
11: The Mass Grave Is a Paper Mill: Vilnius
1.David E. Fishman, “Embers Plucked from the Fire: The Rescue of Jewish Cultural Treasures from Vilna,” p. 69, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
2.Ibid., pp. 66–67.
3.Shivaun Woolfson, Holocaust Legacy in Post-Soviet Lithuania: People, Places and Objects, London: Bloomsbury, 2014, p. 34.
4.Susanne Marten-Finnis, Vilna as a Centre of the Modern Jewish Press, 1840–1928: Aspirations, Challenges, and Progress, Oxford; New York: Peter Lang, 2014, pp. 59–60.
5.Cecile Esther Kuznitz, “YIVO,” The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/YIVO.
6.Cecile Esther Kuznitz, The Origins of Yiddish Scholarship and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Ph.D. diss., Stanford University, 2000, quoted in Marek Web, “Operating on Faith: YIVO’s Eighty Years.” Yedies, no. 199, 2005.
7.“Special Masters for Holocaust Victims Assets Litigation,” YIVO, 2005.
8.Carl J. Rheins, “Recovering YIVO’s Stolen Art Collection,” YIVO News, no. 191, 2000–2001.
9.Albert Einstein, “Letter of support for the YIVO Institute by Albert Einstein,” April 8, 1929, YIVO digital archive, Document no: RG 82/yarg82f2243d002.
10.Avraham Novershtern, “Reyzen, Zalmen,” The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Reyzen-Zalmen.
11.Sem C. Sutter, “Polish Books in Exile: Cultural Booty Across Two Continents, Through Two Wars,” p. 149, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
12.Maria Wardzyńska, Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce.Intelligenzaktion, Institute of National Remembrance, 2009.
13.Sutter, “Polish Books in Exile,” p. 149.
14.Hans van der Hoeven and Joan van Albada, “Memory of the World: Lost Memory: Libraries and Archives Destroyed in the Twentieth Century,” UNESCO, 1996.
15.Sutter, “Polish Books in Exile,” p. 149.
16.Joanna Pasztaleniec-Jarzyńska and Halina Tchórzewska-Kabata, The National Library in Warsaw: Tradition and the Present Day, Warsaw: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2000, p. 9.
17.Marek Sroka, “The Destruction of Jewish Libraries and Archives in Cracow During World War II,” Libraries and Cultures, vol. 38, no. 2, 2003.
18.Rebecca Knuth, Libricide: The Regime-Sponsored Destruction of Books and Libraries in the Twentieth Century, Leiden; Boston: Praeger, 2003, p. 84.
19.Sroka, “The Destruction of Jewish Libraries and Archives in Cracow During World War II.”
20.Ibid.
21.Knuth, Libricide, p. 84.
22.Kazimierz Moczarski, Conversations with an Executioner, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984, p. 164.
23.Hugh Trevor-Roper and Gerhard L. Weinberg (eds.), Hitler’s Table Talk 1941–1944: Secret Conversations, New York: Enigma Books, 2013, p. 27.
24.Norman Davies, Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory, London: Pan Macmillan, 2008, p. 306.
25.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2011, p. 33.
26.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor: Library and Archival Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg,” Holocaust Genocide Studies, no. 19, 2005.
27.Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” p. 23.
28.Yitzhak Arad, The Holocaust in the Soviet Union, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009, pp. 413–414.
29.Leonidas E. Hill, “The Nazi Attack on ‘Un-German’ Literature, 1933–1945,” p. 31, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
30.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
31.Ibid.
32.Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” p. 23.
33.Hill, “The Nazi Attack on ‘Un-German’ Literature, 1933–1945,” p. 32.
34.Jörg Ganzenmüller, “Blockade Leningrads: Hunger als Waffe,” Zeit Online, July 18, 2011. http:www.zeit.de/zeit-geschichte/2011/02/Kriegsziele-Generalplan-Ost.
35.Hill, “The Nazi Attack on ‘Un-German’ Literature, 1933–1945,” p. 31.
36.Hirsz Abramowicz, “Khaykl Lunski,” pp. 260–264, Profiles of a Lost World: Memoirs of East European Jewish Life Before World War II, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999.
37.Ibid.
38.Joseph H. Prouser, Noble Soul: The Life and Legend of the Vilna Ger Tzedek Count Walenty Potocki, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press LLC, 2005, pp. 1–3.
39.Fishman, “Embers Plucked from the Fire,” p. 68.
40.Ibid.
41.Yitskhok Rudashevski, Diary of the Vilna Ghetto, Washington, DC: United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 1991, pp. 77–78.
42.Herman Kruk, “The Ghetto and the Readers,” pp. 192–1
97, The Holocaust and the Book (ed. Jonathan Rose), Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
43.Fishman, “Embers Plucked from the Fire,” p. 69.
44.Ibid.
45.Ibid.
46.Web, “Operating on Faith: YIVO’s Eighty Years.”
47.Joseph Berger, “Yiddish Poet Celebrates Life with his Language,” New York Times, March 17, 1985.
48.Fishman, “Embers Plucked from the Fire,” p. 71.
49.Ibid.
50.“Ona Simaite,” Shoah Resource Center, the International School for Holocaust Studies, www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206025.pdf.
51.Web, “Operating on Faith: YIVO’s Eighty Years.”
52.Yitzhak Arad, In the Shadow of the Red Banner: Soviet Jews in the War Against Nazi Germany, Jerusalem; New York: Gefen, 2010, p. 205.
53.Joseph Berger, “Abraham Sutzkever, 96, Jewish Poet and Partisan, Dies,” New York Times, January 23, 2010.
54.Ruth Wisse, “Abraham Sutzkever,” Holocaust Literature: Lerner to Zychlinsky, London; New York: Routledge, 2003, pp. 1234–1237.
55.Saul Friedländer, The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945, New York: Harper Perennial, 2008, p 633.
56.Fishman, “Embers Plucked from the Fire,” p. 73.
12: The Talmud Unit: Theresienstadt
1.Luke Harding and Louise Osborne, “Vienna Philharmonic and the Jewish Musicians Who Perished Under Hitler,” Guardian, March 11, 2013.
2.Michal Bušek et al., Hope Is on the Next Page: 100 Years of the Jewish Library in Prague, Prague: Jewish Museum, 2007, p. 37.
3.“Nazi propaganda film about Theresienstadt/Terezín,” Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Film ID: 140.
4.Robert Skloot, “Staying Ungooselike: The Holocaust and the Theatre of Choice,” p. 248, Jewish Theatre: A Global View (ed. Edna Nahshon), Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2009.
5.Bušek et al., Hope Is on the Next Page, p. 44.
6.Ibid., pp. 38–39.
7.Ibid., p. 41.
8.Ibid., p. 63.
9.Dov Schidorsky, “Confiscation of Libraries and Assignments to Forced Labor: Two Documents of the Holocaust,” Libraries and Culture, vol. 33, 1998, pp. 347–388.
10.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Restitution of Confiscated Art Works: Wish or Reality?” Proceedings of the International Academic Conference held in Liberec on October 24–26, 2007, Prague: Tilia, 2008, pp. 144-145.
11.Schidorsky, “Confiscation of Libraries and Assignments to Forced Labor.”
12.Ibid.
13.Ibid.
14.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor: Library and Archival Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg,” Holocaust Genocide Studies, vol. 19, no. 3, Winter 2005, pp. 390–458.
15.Ibid.
16.Anne Rothfeld, “Returning Looted European Library Collections: An Historical Analysis of the Offenbach Archival Depot, 1945–1948,” RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage, vol. 6, no. 1, 2005.
17.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
18.Evelyn Adunka, “The Nazi Looting of Books in Austria and Their Partial Restitution,” www.lootedart.com/MFVALY48822.
19.Ibid.
20.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
21.Adunka, “The Nazi Looting of Books in Austria and Their Partial Restitution.”
22.Alan Riding, And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010.
23.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
13: “Jewish Studies Without Jews”: Ratibor–Frankfurt
1.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor: Library and Archival Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg,” Holocaust Genocide Studies, no.19, 2005, pp. 390–458.
2.Ernst Piper, “Die Theorie des mörderischen Wahns,” Frankfurter Rundschau, October 12, 2005.
3.Steven Topik and Kenneth Pomeranz, The World That Trade Created: Society, Culture and the World Economy, 1400 to the Present, London; New York: Routledge, 2014, p. 208.
4.Sem C. Sutter, “The Lost Jewish Libraries of Vilna and the Frankfurt Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage,” p. 222, Lost Libraries (ed. James Raven), New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
5.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002. Books as Victims and Trophies of War,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2003, p. 38.
6.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
7.Patricia von Papen-Bodek, “Anti-Jewish Research of the Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage in Frankfurt am Main between 1939 and 1945,” pp. 155–173, Lessons and Legacies VI: New Currents in Holocaust Research, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2004.
8.Ibid.
9.Sutter, “The Lost Jewish Libraries of Vilna and the Frankfurt Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage,” p. 220.
10.Jan Björn Potthast, Das judische Zentralmuseum der SS in Prag: Gegnerforschung und Volkermord im Nationalsozialismus, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag 2002, p. 180.
11.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
12.Ibid.
13.Ardelia Hall Collections, Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points, Offenbach Archival Depot, 1946–1957, National Archives and Records Administration, M1942, Section 1, photos 15–17.
14.Ibid., photo 12.
15.Ibid., photo 13.
16.Alon Confino, A World Without Jews. The Nazi Imagination from Persecution to Genocide, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014, p. 151.
17.von Papen-Bodek, “Anti-Jewish Research of the Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage in Frankfurt am Main between 1939 and 1945,” pp. 155–173.
18.Ibid.
19.Wilhelm Grau, “Die Geschichte des Judenfrage und ihr Erforschung,” Blatter fur deutsche Landesgeschichte 83, no. 3, 1937, p. 167, quoted in A. Confino, A World Without Jews, p. 110.
20.Ibid., p. 194.
21.Ibid., p. 196.
22.Ibid., p. 177.
23.Ibid., p. 241.
24.Chaim Kaplan, Scroll of Agony: The Warsaw Ghetto Diary of Chaim A. Kaplan, Trans. Abraham Katsh, New York: Macmillan, 1965, pp. 90–91.
25.Ibid., pp. 399–400.
26.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Sudeten Crossroads for Europe’s Displaced Books: The Mysterious Twilight of the RSHA Amt VII Library and the Fate of a Million Victims of War,” Restitution of Confiscated Art Works: Wish or Reality?, ed. Mecislav Borak, Prague: Tilia, 2008, pp. 160–161.
27.Ibid., p. 142.
28.Katarzyna Leszczyńska, Hexen und Germanen: Das Interesse des Nationalsozialismus an der Geschichte der Hexenverfolgung, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2009, p. 52.
29.Michael David Bailey, Magic and Superstition in Europe: A Concise History from Antiquity to the Present, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007, pp. 235–237.
30.Leszczyńska, Hexen und Germanen, pp. 18–20.
31.Bailey, Magic and Superstition in Europe, pp. 235–240.
32.Grimsted, “Sudeten Crossroads for Europe’s Displaced Books,” pp. 162–163.
33.von Papen-Bodek, “Anti-Jewish Research of the Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage in Frankfurt am Main between 1939 and 1945,” p. 170.
34.Hans Hagemeyer, “Preparations already made for the International Congress.” Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Vol. IV, Document No. 1752-PS. Avalon Project. Letter dated June 15, 1944. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/1752-ps.asp.
35.Ibid.
36.von Papen-Bodek, “Anti-Jewish Research of the Institut zur Erforschung der Judenfrage in Frankfurt am Main between 1939 and 1945,” p. 163.
37.Ibid.
38.Hagemeyer, “Preparations alre
ady made for the International Congress.”
39.Ibid.
40.Grimsted, “Roads to Ratibor.”
41.Ibid., “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002,” p. 45.
42.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Reconstructing the Record of Nazi Cultural Plunder,” IISH Research Paper 47, 2011, p. 427.
43.Violet Brown and Walter Crosby, “Jew Finds Hebrew Collection Nazis Stole in Lie Drive,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 9, 1945.
14: A Wagon of Shoes: Prague
1.Tomas Sniegon, Vanished History: The Holocaust in Czech and Slovak Historical Culture, New York: Berghahn Books, 2014, p. 214.
2.Andrea Jelinkova, “Books in the Terezín Ghetto and their Post-War Fate,” Judaica Bohemiae, 2012, pp. 85–107.
3.Ibid.
4.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “Sudeten Crossroads for Europe’s Displaced Books: The Mysterious Twilight of the RSHA Amt VII Library and the Fate of a Million Victims of War,” p. 165, Restitution of Confiscated Art Works: Wish or Reality?, ed. Mecislav Borak, Prague: Tilia, 2008.
5.Ibid., p. 165.
6.Ibid., pp. 172–174.
7.Lucy Schildkret to Joseph A. Horne, “Subject: Restitutable books in Czechoslovakia,” April 19, 1947. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (“Ardelia Hall Collection”): Offenbach Archival Depot, 1946–1951. M1942, Roll 006, p. 101. https://www.fold3.com/image/232161141/.
8.Grimsted, “Sudeten Crossroads for Europe’s Displaced Books,” p. 175.
9.Frits J. Hoogewoud, “Dutch Jewish Ex Libris Found Among Looted Books in the Offenbach Archival Depot,” Dutch Jews as Perceived by Themselves and by Others: Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on the History of the Jews in the Netherlands, Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2001, p. 254.
10.Michal Bušek et al., Hope Is on the Next Page: 100 Years of the Jewish Library in Prague, Jewish Museum, Prague, 2007, p. 63.
11.Grimsted, “Sudeten Crossroads for Europe’s Displaced Books,” p. 180.
12.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Trophies of War and Empire: The Archival Heritage of Ukraine, World War II, and the International Politics of Restitution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001, p. 251.
13.Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, “The Odyssey of the Turgenev Library from Paris, 1940–2002: Books as Victims and Trophies of War,” Amsterdam: IISH, 2003, p. 48.
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