William C. Dee (former developer of binary chemical weapons), Abingdon, Md., July 18, 2003.
Sigmund R. Eckhaus (former chemical weapons process engineer), Washington, D.C., May 21, 2001.
Elisa D. Harris (former National Security Council staff member specializing in chemical arms control), Washington, D.C., December 11, 2003.
John Isaacs (President, Council for a Livable World), Washington, D.C., July 25, 2003.
David Kay (former director, Iraq Survey Group), Washington, D.C., May 20, 2004.
Olivier Lepick (French chemical weapons expert), Paris, September 21, 2004.
Boris Libman (former Soviet chemical weapons process engineer), Philadelphia, Pa., May 7, 2003.
Ron Manley (former process engineer at Nancekuke), Christchurch, England, August 25, 2003.
Vil S. Mirzayanov (former Soviet chemical weapons specialist), Princeton, N.J., June 10, 2003.
Colonel Jonathan Newmark (physician with the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense), Aberdeen, Md., October 29, 2003.
Alexander Pikayev (Russian defense policy analyst), Washington, D.C., December 12, 2003.
Julian Perry Robinson (British chemical weapons expert), Washington, D.C., February 22, 2004.
JONATHAN B. TUCKER
WAR OF NERVES
Jonathan B. Tucker received a B.S. in biology from Yale University and a Ph.D. in political science, specializing in defense and arms control studies, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For the past ten years, he has been a chemical and biological weapons specialist at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies of the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Dr. Tucker previously worked as an arms control specialist for Congress and the State Department and as an editor at Scientific American and at High Technology magazine, where he wrote about biomedical research, biotechnology, and military technologies. He lives in Washington, D.C.
ALSO BY JONATHAN B. TUCKER
Ellie: A Child’s Fight Against Leukemia
Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons (editor)
Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox
FIRST ANCHOR BOOKS EDITION, FEBRUARY 2007
Copyright © 2006 by Jonathan B. Tucker
The Library of Congress has cataloged the Pantheon edition as follows:
Tucker, Jonathan B.
War of nerves: chemical warfare from World War I to Al-Qaeda / Jonathan B. Tucker.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Chemical warfare—History. 2. Chemical weapons—History. I. Title.
UG447.T83 2006
358’.34’09—dc22 2005050053
www.anchorbooks.com
www.randomhouse.com
eISBN: 978-0-307-43010-6
v3.0
War of Nerves Page 56