by Ha Jin
While translating the exchanges between Taipei and Washington, Gary began to form a full picture of the undertaking. He also found its communications plans and the code names of some secret agents already in China. He checked out the documents, saying he’d have to work on them at night, and shot photos of them. In addition, he wrote a report that synthesized the information and described the operation in detail. He took an early vacation in June 1965 and went to Bangkok, a hot spot where, to Gary’s knowledge, several CIA officers had spent their time off lately. From there, a week later, he flew to Hong Kong and delivered the intelligence to Bingwen. Immediately three more men came from Beijing to meet with Gary. They were convinced that he was infallible in his analyses and clairvoyant in his predictions, which had been proved correct time and again. Within a month China apprehended most of the secret agents and thus thwarted the Thunderclaps operation before it could get off the ground. The CIA was mad at Taipei, believing that someone in the Nationalists’ rank and file had leaked the secret to Red China.
Later in the fall of 1965 Gary was notified by Father Murray that he’d been promoted to the fourteenth rank, similar to that of a lieutenant colonel. And along with the promotion came a first-class merit citation awarded by China’s Ministry of National Security. His salary was 154 yuan a month now, about $70. That was a substantial amount, considering a worker usually made less than 50 yuan monthly. Gary assumed that his salary had routinely been sent to Yufeng. He had no idea that since she’d left their home village four years before, she hadn’t received a penny from the government.
Minmin, my student in Beijing, wrote me that she was done with her master’s and had just defended her thesis on the feminist movement in the United States in the 1970s. She wished I’d been there when “those fogies” on her committee were badgering her “with inane, outrageous questions.” I emailed back and asked about her future plans. She said candidly that she was thinking about climbing Mount Everest, which for some reason had been on her mind of late. She could not explain why, but she couldn’t stop thinking about the mountain. I liked that about her—she had the passion to follow her own vision, however silly and impractical it might seem.
In fact, I’d once told the students in my graduate seminar back in Beijing, “I admire many good qualities the Chinese have, such as diligence, resourcefulness, modesty, respect for old people, but I’ve found two characteristics I don’t like about the Chinese, which I might also have since I am half Chinese. The two are petty cleverness and practical-mindedness, which tend to bring about expediency and compromise. These two shortcomings can erode the steadfastness of one’s character and undermine one’s will to do what’s meaningful in the long run. George Bernard Shaw once said: ‘The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself; therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.’ I hope that when you’re young, you cherish your unreasonableness, which, like the fire of life, might dwindle as you grow older.” The moment I said that, I realized I’d quoted those words from a volume of my father’s diary, over which I had pored the night before. On its very first page he had put down that sentence by Shaw, whose plays, like D. H. Lawrence’s novels, had helped him while away the long lonesome days in Okinawa.
I thought I might have offended some of my students, but a good number of them told me that my words made them think a lot, that they appreciated my candor. One even thanked me for reminding him not to become “a smart fool.”
Minmin, unlike most young Chinese, didn’t seem pragmatic. She was undaunted by the difficulties of reaching the summit of Mount Everest. (Of course she had fewer financial worries and family duties compared to other young people.) She might not be clever, but her vivacious personality set her apart from her classmates as an individual who still showed a spark of life. For that I admired her.
She also told me about a dilemma she had to solve—a military college had just approached her with a job offer. If she accepted it, she might have to put off or abandon her Mount Everest dream. I didn’t know how to advise her, since physically she wasn’t that strong and I wasn’t sure she could climb the mountain even though she had all the support she needed from her well-heeled brother. She might not even be able to go through the strenuous training for mountaineering, so I refrained from offering her any advice.
I HADN’T KNOWN Henry had been emailing with Ben directly. When he told me, I felt uncomfortable and asked, half in jest, “So you two can bad-mouth me behind my back?”
“Come on, Lilian,” Henry said. “You know guys can chat more freely without a girl around.”
“What do you talk about?”
“Ball games, girls, politics, military history, smart weapons. Also about how to make money.”
“Ben already has a girlfriend. Why still talk about girls? Isn’t Sonya good enough for him?”
“He’s a handsome guy. There must be others falling all over him.”
“You really think he’s good-looking?”
“Absolutely.”
By Chinese standards I’d say Ben had average looks—a bit too masculine, big-boned, rough around the edges. Conventionally, Chinese women preferred men with slightly feminine features—smooth skin, soft eyes, a delicate jaw, a refined manner. Some also liked bookish men, perhaps because the knowledge of books used to promise power and wealth, not to mention prestige. That has changed, though, as capitalism has penetrated every fiber of Chinese society and reshaped people’s values and mentality. Most young men have a different sense of masculinity now. Two decades ago, my male Chinese friends had often said that their ideal man was the late premier Zhou Enlai or the great writer Lu Xun, both of whom were not strong physically. Nowadays many young men would pick Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant or Tim Duncan (nicknamed Stone Buddha by his Chinese fans) as their male icon. And believe it or not, a lot of them also worshiped Allen Iverson because the six-foot basketball player embodied the possibility of stardom for men of average stature.
In late July I got a disturbing message from Juli. Wuping had jilted her and removed her from the band, and now she was at a loss about what to do. I urged her to keep a cool head. Since the relationship hadn’t been going anywhere, it might be better to break up sooner than later. “You don’t understand, Aunt Lilian,” Juli retorted. “He has shacked up with another woman. The bitch just graduated from a drama college and started acting in a TV show. She knows how to put a spell on men and always sways her ass like it is a beacon in a lighthouse. There’s no way I can compete with a slut like that. Heavens, my worst nightmare has come true!” The more we wrote back and forth, the more desperate and unbalanced Juli sounded. Then she told me that Wuping had beaten her and called her “a crazy cunt” when she went to his office to confront him. I guessed she must have made a scene.
I called Ben to see how much he knew about his sister’s trouble. To my relief, he was up-to-date and said he’d met Wuping before and known from the outset that the man was unreliable. “He’s a crook and a self-styled lady-killer,” Ben said. “He uses every trick to turn a woman’s head, but he’s a smug good-for-nothing, the type we call ‘an embroidered pillowcase.’ ”
“In English we say ‘an empty suit,’ ” I told him.
“That’s right. A big nothing or a bag of hot air.”
I laughed out loud, amused that he could come up with those expressions. “He looked too smooth to me, like a top-notch schmoozer,” I said. “But how can we help Juli? She seems to have lost her head over that jerk.”
“Don’t worry, Aunt Lilian. I’m heading back to Guangzhou tomorrow night and will settle up with him.”
“What are you going to do? You must not resort to violence, okay?”
“Of course I won’t touch him, but I’ll talk with him. He knows I’m well connected in police circles there and can have him brought in anytime.”
I couldn’t grasp the full implications of Ben’s words and asked, “Do you have enough money for t
he trip?”
“My company will pay. I’m also going back for business meetings in Beijing.”
His ability to fly back and forth so easily made me mull over my father’s life again. During his first years here, how poignantly Gary must have longed to go back to visit his family, even just once. Yet perhaps little by little he got accustomed to the pain of loss and jaded about homesickness. Did he always remember the streets of his village and the trails on the mountain slopes and along the rivers that used to be frequented by cranes, herons, mallards? And the endless chestnut groves on the hills? And the temples and shrines on the lakesides? Probably to a great extent he had managed to suppress the memories of home so he could function normally each day. Did he ever imagine adopting a new homeland so that he could restart his life here? Surely having “eaten all the bitterness” (as he phrased it in his diary), at last he could enjoy American life, given that he did grow to like this country. What a tangled existence he had lived. In recent months he had grown more enigmatic to me, because at times it was hard for me to penetrate the armor of detachment he had clothed himself in.
The thought came to me that I might put Ben in touch with Minmin. I liked Sonya, but my father’s life had exemplified how difficult it was to live with a spouse of a different race, who spoke a different language, grew up in a different culture and social environment, and believed in a different religion. Actually, like my mother, Gary had gone to Mass regularly and even contributed ten dollars a month to our church, but I couldn’t tell if he was serious about Christianity. In his diary he never mentioned the religion, and he seemed to have remained an atheist. In all likelihood he had joined the church as a camouflage. If he were a genuine Christian, he’d have owned up to his true identity in a confessional and some pastor would have entered his life, offering spiritual guidance. But his diary didn’t mention any clergyman except Father Murray. I believed it was their common language and cultural background that had brought my father and Suzie together, and as a result, there was no way my mother could separate them. That conviction prompted me to call Ben again and tell him about Minmin. I wanted him to meet her in Beijing. I said to Ben, “You can buy a book for me and take it to her as my present. I will write her about this so she can know who you are.”
The book I suggested was The Search for Modern China, by Jonathan Spence, which, though a hefty volume, might come in handy for Minmin. It was an excellent overview of modern Chinese history and a widely used textbook in American colleges. I told Ben that he could get the book at any good bookstore, and I would reimburse him. “No need for that,” he assured me. “I will deliver the present to Minmin in person.”
That night I talked to Henry about Ben’s plan to intercede for his sister, afraid he might bungle the case, but I said nothing about Minmin. I did not intend to be overtly matchmaking, and my present for her was more or less a lark. “Don’t underestimate Ben,” Henry said. “He’s very savvy about dealing with people.”
“How can you tell?” I asked.
“I observed him when he and I went out together.” Henry’s eyes shone while a smile crossed his whiskered face. “He’ll handle everything properly. I’m not worried about him.”
“You sound like you know him better than I.”
“That’s why I hope he can manage our building someday. He’ll be good at handling the troublesome tenants.”
I couldn’t help but laugh. Henry was always nervous when he asked for overdue rent from some tenants, above all two young women. I was the one who had to go to them and ask.
BEN CALLED A WEEK LATER. He was back from China and busy catching up on work. He assured me that Juli had broken up with Wuping peacefully and was out of trouble now. Curious about the word “peacefully,” I asked him to elaborate. He said he’d met with the man and told him that if he’d jilted Juli without enough reason, there’d be consequences. Ben showed Wuping a page of information on the tax fraud committed by his father’s garbage company. Every month his old man imported shiploads of trash from Japan and Australia for $1.5 a ton and then sorted it to get recyclable materials, which he sold to Chinese factories. He netted a two hundred percent profit. Aside from breaking the tax law, he had leased out some of his garbage dumps as ranches where thousands of cows grazed on nothing but trash, and as a result, their beef was heavily contaminated, even poisonous. The old crook’s collusion with the cattlemen alone could get his company shut down and him put into jail. Despite denying any knowledge of the crimes, Wuping was shaken and came back to Ben on the same day. He offered Juli fifty thousand yuan, which settled their breakup and her unemployment.
I asked Ben, “How did you find out about his father’s tax fraud?”
“I told you I was well connected in police circles there. No fat cat in China has a clean ass. All the successful businesspeople evade taxes, otherwise how could they get rich? The police have kept track of every one of them. If they don’t behave, they’ll be brought in.”
I felt uneasy about Ben’s way of handling his sister’s affair but didn’t press him for more details. I asked, “Is Juli all right?”
“Sure, she’s back in Heilongjiang with my parents.”
“You mean she gave up her musical career?”
“She was silly and lost her heart to that playboy. She isn’t much of a singer to start with. It’s time she came to her senses.”
“You might be right.” Somehow I had always avoided thinking poorly of Juli’s musical talent. “Your parents must be happy now. Are they okay?”
“I didn’t see them. I was busy attending meetings in Beijing. But I called them. They were well and sent their regards. By the way, I met Minmin and gave her the book. She loved it.”
“She told me that.”
“You should be careful when communicating with her, Aunt Lilian.”
“Why? What’s wrong with Minmin? You don’t like her?”
“Not because of that. She is a fine person, but the military has taken an interest in her.”
“I know they offered her a lectureship, but she doesn’t want it.”
“It might not be easy for her to turn it down.”
“Really? Can’t she choose her own career?”
“It’s not that simple. Declining an offer from that kind of school is like refusing to serve our country. She might have to pay for it if she can’t give them a convincing reason.”
“You mean she’ll be treated as a dissident?”
“Something like that.”
“That’s ridiculous.”
“A lot of things in China don’t make any sense, but we have to accept them as part of life. In any event, she said she wanted to climb Mount Everest first. She’s a bit nutty.”
I didn’t know what more to say. Minmin couldn’t be that vulnerable; she had her own financial means and didn’t have to take a day job. In a couple of years she might come to the States to do graduate work. So I felt I needn’t worry too much about Minmin, to whom Ben seemed to have felt little attraction. That caught me off balance a bit, but there was no loss.
I thought more about Juli. She got fifty thousand yuan from her former lover. That was a small fortune. I remembered I had once asked my grad students at Beijing Teachers College how much scholarship money they received for living expenses. Typically each got seven hundred yuan a month, which was not much but enough for food, their major expenditure since they all had free beds in the dormitories. In fact, a small amount of money still could go a long way in China if you were thrifty and knew where to shop. Part of me was uneasy about the cash settlement Wuping had offered Juli. Didn’t she once love him? How could she be compensated for her loss so easily? On the other hand, I knew that if she stayed with her family, she’d be all right and could recover from the heartbreak eventually. In my next email I urged her not to leave home again. I wrote: “There is nothing more precious than family in this world. Stay with your parents as long as you can. They are getting on in years and need you around.”
�
�I understand, Aunt,” she replied.
1966–1969
Since the summer of 1966 Gary had lost contact with Bingwen, who had been removed from his office and made to take part in the Cultural Revolution. Where was he now? Try as he might, Gary couldn’t find out. He approached Father Murray, but the priest couldn’t get in touch with anyone in China either. The country had fallen into total disarray. No one was in charge of the overseas intelligence work anymore. Gary had read that even the top officials in the State Council were brought down by the revolutionary masses, and that some of them were put on platforms and publicly denounced, made to wear dunce caps and placards around their necks. He followed the news with a sinking heart. Besides browsing through the periodicals in the library at CIA headquarters, every day on his way to work he would stop to spend five cents for the Chinese-language newspaper The American Daily, which, funded by Taiwan and printed in New York, published a good amount of disturbing news about China. The Red Guards were running the show now, able to travel around with free lodging and board to spread the revolutionary fire. They all wore Mao buttons and red armbands emblazoned with golden words and carried Mao’s little red book. As a gesture of support, the chairman, in army uniform, had begun to review legions of Red Guards in Tiananmen Square regularly.
Like his friend George Thomas, Gary had bought a little red book at the campus bookstore on his visit to Georgetown University. He read it from cover to cover but was underwhelmed. He found Mao’s thoughts rather crude and incoherent, though they were pithy and earthy, showing some solid horse sense. Most of them were incendiary ideas, more suitable for inciting and organizing the masses than for solving the nation’s problems. No wonder so many hot-blooded college students in America also worshiped Mao, carrying the little book like the Chinese Red Guards. Some even wore Mao buttons. Gary couldn’t help wondering where they’d gotten them. He and George Thomas talked about Mao’s quotations one evening at Bohemian Alley, both of them in shirtsleeves with their jackets draped inside out over the backs of their chairs. After releasing a belch, Thomas chuckled and said, “If I were thirty years younger, I might take the little red book as my bible too. It can misguide youngsters easily.” Thomas was in his mid-fifties now, his hair sparse and half gray, but his eyes were still vivid and bright.