14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Martin W. Bowman, B-24 Combat Missions: First-Hand Accounts of Liberator Operations over Nazi Europe, New York: Metro Books, 2009, p. 20.
18. Seymour Meyerowitz, as told to him by Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz.
19. “Lieutenant William Blum’s Story,” Seething Airfield (UK) Museum, 448th Bomb Group Collection.
20. Martin W. Bowman, B-24 Combat Missions: First-Hand Accounts of Liberator Operations Over Nazi Europe. New York: Metro Books, 2009, p. 85 (account of Lt. William Carigan).
21. With the exception of Lt. Carigan’s account (note 20), all quotations from here to here are drawn from U.S. National Archives, Service File No. 32000985, 1941–45, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, interview with Seymour Meyerowitz.
CHAPTER 2
The chief sources for Chapter 2: U.S. National Archives, Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz; Sergeant Joseph Defranze, Escape and Evasion Report No. 581; Seething Collections: Lieutenant William H. Thomas: Debrief and Casualty Report, File No. 3093; Account of Loss of B-24 Harmful Lil Armful, 715th Squadron. Statement (Confidential) of Lieutenant A. L. Northrup Jr., Headquarters 44th Bombardment Group. Testimony of Loss of Harmful Lil Armful. Report of Operations Officer, 448th Bombardment Group: Mission of 31 December 1943. Cognac-Chateaubernard and Landes de Bussac, France.
1. The command or prompt always given by the pilot to or for the copilot as the plane took off.
2. The warning always used by the pilot or copilot to let the crew know they had crossed into hostile airspace.
3. All quotations from here to here are drawn from U.S. National Archives, Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz; Sergeant Joseph Defranze, Escape and Evasion Report No. 581; Seething Collections: Lieutenant William H. Thomas: Debrief and Casualty Report, File No. 3093; Account of Loss of B-24 Harmful Lil Armful, 715th Squadron. Statement (Confidential) of Lieutenant A. L. Northrup Jr., Headquarters 44th Bombardment Group. Testimony of Loss of Harmful Lil Armful. Report of Operations Officer, 448th Bombardment Group: Mission of 31 December 1943. Cognac-Chateaubernard and Landes de Bussac, France.
CHAPTER 3
The chief sources for Chapter 3: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz.
1. Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944.
CHAPTER 4
The chief sources for Chapter 4: Record Group 498: Records of Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, U.S. Army (World War II), 1942–1947. POW Files: Lieutenant Philip J. Chase, Serial No. 745621, June 14, 1945; Lieutenant William H. Thomas, Serial No. 751490, June 8, 1945; Flight Officer Edward E. George, Serial No. 001527, July 4, 1945; Lieutenant Harry K. Farrell, Jr., Serial No. 688013, June 14, 1945; and Sergeant Howard R. Peck, Serial No. 39272980, June 12, 1945. Sergeant Joseph Defranze, Escape and Evasion Report No. 581, 22 pages. Lieutenant William H. Thomas: Debrief and Casualty Report, File No. 3093; Account of Loss of B-24 Harmful Lil Armful, 715th Squadron.
1. All quotations from here to here are from the above-cited sources and from interview with Seymour Meyerowitz.
CHAPTER 5
The chief sources for Chapter 5: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz.
1. All quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited sources.
CHAPTER 6
The chief sources for Chapter 6: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz.
1. All quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited sources.
2. Western Union Telegram, War Department to David and Rose Meyerowitz, “Missing in Action,” January 14, 1944.
3. Interview with Seymour Meyerowitz.
CHAPTER 7
The chief sources for Chapter 7: “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée, Paris, p. 1; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée, Paris, p. 1.
2. Karl-Heine Frieser, Blitzkrieg-Legende, Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1995, p. 71.
3. Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975, p. 157.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid, p. xviii.
6. Ibid, p. xviii.
7. Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995, p. 64.
8. Ibid.
CHAPTER 8
The chief sources for Chapter 8: “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée, Paris, p. 1; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Reseau Morhange, Toulouse: Editions Signe du Monde, 1995, p. 64.
2. Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975, pp. 288–289.
3. Saint-Laurens, p. 64.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Paillole, pp. 417–418.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid, pp. 420–422.
11. Ibid, p. 422.
12. Ibid, pp. 420–422.
13. Ibid, p. 422.
CHAPTER 9
The chief sources for Chapter 9: Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; and interview with Pierre Delude, Resistance fighter and friend of Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz.
1. Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; http://brutus.boyer.free.fr/; Dr. Pierre Auriac (officier de la Légion d’Honneur, Croix de Guerre, 1939–1945), Le réseau BRUTUS à Bordeaux: 1943–1944.
2. All quotations from here to here are drawn from Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; interview with Pierre Delude, Resistance fighter and frien
d of Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz.
CHAPTER 10
The chief sources for Chapter 10: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; interview with Pierre Delude, Resistance fighter and friend of Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz.
1. The quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited chief sources.
CHAPTER 11
The chief sources for Chapter 11: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; interview with Pierre Delude, Resistance fighter and friend of Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz.
Letter from Robert A. Ardichen (Bordeaux, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, April 18, 1945; letter from Charlotte Michel (Lesparre, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, May 5, 1945; letter from Charlotte Michel (Lesparre) to Arthur Meyerowitz, June 3, 1945; four postcards from Christiane Michel (Bayonne, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, July 17, 1945; letter from Christiane Michel (Lesparre) to Arthur Meyerowitz, August 27, 1945; letters from Arthur Meyerowitz to Michel family (Lesparre) July 19 and August 8, 1945; letter from Charlotte Michel to Arthur Meyerowitz, May 8, 1947 (Bordeaux).
1. The quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited chief sources.
CHAPTER 12
The chief sources for Chapter 12: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; letter from Charlotte Michel (Lesparre, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, May 5, 1945; and letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, December 14, 1945.
1. All quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited chief sources.
2. Letter from Charlotte Michel (Lesparre, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, May 5, 1945.
3. Letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, December 14, 1945.
CHAPTER 13
The chief sources for Chapter 13: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; and letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, January 21, 1945.
Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. Letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne) to Rose Meyerowitz, January 21, 1945.
2. Joseph Robert White, Humanities and Social Sciences Review of Confronting Captivity: Britain and the United States and Their POWs in Nazi Germany (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), quoting Arieh J. Kochavi, p. 211.
3. Ibid.
4. Letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France) to Rose Meyerowitz, January 21, 1945.
5. Ibid.
6. Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report.
7. Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), p. 417.
8. Letter from Madame Rigal (Beaumont-de-Lomagne) to Rose Meyerowitz, January 21, 1945.
9. Paillole, p. 417.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
CHAPTER 14
The chief sources for Chapter 14: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Guillaume Agullo, director of the Musée Departemental de la Résistance et de la Deportation, Toulouse, France; and letter from Mademoiselle Thoulouse (in Toulouse, France) to Rose Meyerowitz, March 28, 1944.
Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. The quotations from here to here are drawn from the above-cited chief sources.
2. Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code: BRUTUS: Histoire d’un réseau de la France libre (documents) (French Edition, 2007) (Kindle Locations 4306–4307), Fayard. Kindle Edition.
3. Ibid.
CHAPTER 15
The chief sources for Chapter 15: interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; Sylvaine Dubost, “Le jour de l’arrestation de Gisèle Lacombe-Chauvin,” Sud Ouest (daily newspaper), digital edition, July 5, 2011; Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007.
1. All quotations from here to here8 are drawn from Sylvaine Dubost, “Le jour de l’arrestation de Gisèle Lacombe-Chauvin,” Sud Ouest (daily newspaper), digital edition, July 5, 2011; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin.
CHAPTER 16
The chief sources for Chapter 16: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Guillaume Agullo, director of the Musée Departemental de la Résistance et de la Deportation, Toulouse, France; and letter from Mademoiselle Thoulouse (in Toulouse, France) to Rose Meyerowitz, March 28, 1944.
“Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, June 18, 1944, 3 pages.
2. Ibid.
3. All quotes from here to here are drawn from the above-cited chief sources.
CHAPTER 17
The chief sources for Chapter 17: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Ser
vice File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews with Seymour Meyerowitz; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; letter from Robert A. Ardichen (Bordeaux, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, April 18, 1945; and letter from Charlotte Michel (Lesparre, France) to Arthur Meyerowitz, May 5, 1945.
Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; Sylvaine Dubost, “Le jour de l’arrestation de Gisèle Lacombe-Chauvin,” Sud Ouest (daily newspaper), digital edition, July 5, 2011; “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
1. Une journée au fort du Hâ (Bordeaux), World War, 1939–1945 Jewish Underground Resistance Collection, McMaster University.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
CHAPTER 18
The chief sources for Chapter 18: Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, Debrief and Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, June 17, 1944, marked “Secret,” 18 pages; Appendix (B) to Escape and Evasion Report No. 758, Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz, January 18, 1944, 3 pages; Service File No. 32000985, 1941–1945, Sergeant Arthur S. Meyerowitz, 137 pages; interviews of Guillaume Agullo, director of the Musée Departemental de la Résistance et de la Deportation, Toulouse, France; interviews with Patrick Chauvin, son of Gisèle and Dr. Pierre Chauvin; and interviews with Pierre Delude, Resistance fighter and friend of Sergeant Arthur Meyerowitz.
Jean-Marc Binot and Bernard Boyer, Nom de code, BRUTUS: histoire d’un réseau de la France libre, Paris: Fayard, 2007; Sylvaine Dubost, “Le jour de l’arrestation de Gisèle Lacombe-Chauvin,” Sud Ouest (daily newspaper), digital edition, July 5, 2011; “Marcel Taillandier,” L’Association des Amis du Musée; Colonel Paul Paillole, Services spéciaux (1935–1945), Paris: R. Laffont, 1975; Colonel Rémy (pseudonym of Gilbert Renault-Roulier), Morhange: les chasseurs de traîtres, Paris: Éditions Flammarion, 1975; and Pierre Saint-Laurens, Conte de faits, X15, Réseau Morhange, Toulouse: Éditions Signes du Monde, 1995.
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