by Alan Furst
“Did Weizmann’s action produce the Balfour Declaration? It did not hurt, certainly. In 1917 Balfour, as foreign secretary, promised that the British government would ‘use their best endeavors to facilitate the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.’ The League of Nations and other countries supported that position. It would be pleasant to think Weizmann had a hand in that, but the British are a wonderfully practical people, and what they wanted at that moment was America’s entry into the war against the Germans, and it was felt that Lord Balfour’s declaration would mobilize American Jewish opinion in that direction. But Weizmann played his part.”
De Montfried paused, refilled Szara’s glass, then his own. “By now, Monsieur Szara, you likely see where this is headed.”
“Yes and no,” Szara said. “And the story isn’t over.”
“That’s true, it continues. But this much can be said: the survival of Jewish Palestine depends on the attitude of the British, and from that perspective, the Chamberlain government has been a disaster.”
“The Czechs would certainly agree.”
“No doubt. When Chamberlain, after giving in to Hitler in September, asked why Great Britain should risk war for the sake of what he called ‘a far-away country of which we know very little and whose language we don’t understand,’ people who share my views were horrified. If he perceived the Czechs in that way, what does he think about the Jews?”
“You see Munich as a moral failure, then.”
De Montfried teetered on the edge of indignation, then asked quietly, “Don’t you?”
He wasn’t precisely angry, Szara thought. Simply, momentarily, balked. And he wasn’t used to that. His life was ordered to keep him clear of uncertainties of any kind, and Szara had, rather experimentally, said something unexpected. To de Montfried it was like being served cold coffee for breakfast-it wasn’t wrong, it was unthinkable.
“Yes, I do,” Szara said at last. “But one ought to wonder out loud what Chamberlain was hearing from the other end of the conference table-the generals, and the discreet gentlemen in dark suits. But then, after they made their case, he had the choice to believe them or not. And then to act. I can theorize that what he heard concerned what might happen to England’s cities, particularly London, if they started a war with Germany-bombers and bomb tonnage and what happened in Guernica when it was bombed. People get hurt in war.”
“People get hurt in peace,” de Montfried said. “In Palestine, since 1920, Arab mobs have murdered hundreds of Jewish settlers, and the British Mandate police haven’t always shown much interest in stopping them.”
“Great Britain runs on oil, which the Arabs have and it doesn’t.”
“That’s true, Monsieur Szara, but it’s not the whole story. Like Lawrence, many officials in the British Foreign Service idealize the Arabs-the fierce and terrible purity of the desert and all that sort of thing. Whereas with the Jews, well, all you get is a bunch of Jews.”
Szara laughed appreciatively and de Montfried softened. “For a moment,” he said, “I was afraid we were very far apart in the way we see these things.”
“No. I don’t think so. But your Chateau de Montfried gives one an elevated view of existence, so I’m afraid you’re going to have to be very direct with me.”
Szara waited to see what that might produce. De Montfried thought for a time, then said, “The Arabs have made it clear they don’t want Jewish settlement in the Middle East. Some are more hostile than others-several of the diplomats, in person, are more than decent in their understanding of our difficulties and not insensible to what we have to offer them. The German migration brought to Palestine a storehouse of technical information: medicine, engineering, horticulture; and they are people for whom the sharing of knowledge is instinctive, second nature. But Rashid Ali in Iraq is a creature of the Nazis and so is the mufti of Jerusalem. They’ve chosen the German side; other Arabs may join them if they don’t get what they want. England is in a difficult position: how to retain the good will of the Arab nations without alienating America and other liberal countries. So they’ve adopted, on the subject of the Jewish question, a regime of conferences and more conferences. Instead of actually doing something, they have taken refuge in deciding what to do. I’ll grant it’s a legitimate diplomatic maneuver, one way to simply avoid trouble: thus the Peel Report and the Woodhead Commission and the Evian Conference, and next we’re to have, in February, the St. James’s Conference, after which a White Paper will be issued. Meanwhile, Kristallnacht …”
“That was not a conference,” Szara said.
“Hitler spoke to the world: Jews may not live in Germany any longer, this is what we intend to do to them. A hundred dead, thousands beaten, tens of thousands locked up in the Dachau and Buchenwald camps. The German and Austrian Jews certainly understood; they’re fighting to get out any way they can. But the problem is, they can’t just get out, they have to go somewhere, and there is nowhere for them to go. I happen to have a rather accurate forecast of the White Paper that’s going to be written after the St. James’s Conference. You, ah, journalists will understand how one comes upon such things.”
“One is never entirely without friends. One had better not be, at any rate.”
“Just so. We hear that emigration to Mandate Palestine is going to be limited to fifteen thousand Jews a year for five years, then it stops dead. At the moment, there are still three hundred thousand Jews in Germany, another sixty-five thousand remain in Austria, and only fifteen thousand of them can get into Palestine. And, if this thing were somehow to spread to Poland-and the way Hitler talks about Poland is the way he used to talk about the Sudetenland- then what? That’s three million three hundred thousand more.”
“What is being done?”
De Montfried leaned back in his chair and stared. His eyes were dark, difficult to read, but Szara sensed a conflict between mistrust- the natural, healthy sort-and the need to confide.
“Beginnings,” he said finally. “From all points on the political compass, the established groups have been fighting this battle for years-the labor people in the Histadrut, Vladimir Jabotinsky’s New Zionists and the organization they call Betar. David Ben-Gurion and the Jewish Agency. And others, many others, are doing what they can. It is a political effort-letters written, favors called in, donations given, resolutions passed. It all creates a kind of presence. Also, in Palestine there is the Haganah, a fighting force, and its information bureau, known as Sherut Yediot, generally called Shai, its first initial. But it is all they can do to keep the Jews of Palestine alive.
“Then, just lately, there is something more. As you know, emigration to Palestine is called by the name Aliyah. The word has the sense of return. The British entry certificates permit a few thousand people a year into the country, and there is a Jewish organization to administer the details-travel, reception, and so on. But there exists within that group, in its shadow, another. There are only ten of them at the moment, nine men and a very young woman, who call themselves the Mossad Aliyah Bet, that is, the Institute for Aliyah B-the letter indicates illegal, as opposed to legal, emigration. This group is now in the process of leasing ships-whatever derelict hulk can be found in the ports of southern Europe-and they intend to bring Jews out of danger and effect clandestine landings on the coast of Palestine.”
“Will they succeed?”
“They will try. And I am in sympathy with them. A moment comes and if you wish to look upon yourself as human you must take some kind of action. Otherwise, you can read the newspapers and congratulate yourself on your good fortune. Weizmann, however, makes an interesting point. After Kristallnacht he said to Anthony Eden that the fire in the German synagogues may easily spread to Westminster Abbey. So the self-congratulatory souls may one day have their own moment of reckoning, we shall see.”
“And you, Monsieur de Montfried, what is it that you do?”
“I invite you to the Renaissance Club of Neuilly, among other things. I
somehow happen to meet Monsieur Bloch. I have a few friends, here and there; we try to spend money wisely, in the right places. When I can, I tell important people those things I believe they ought to know.”
“A group of friends. It has, perhaps, a name?”
“No.”
“Truly?”
“The less official the better, is what we think. One can be without structure of any kind and still be of enormous help.”
“What kind of help, Monsieur de Montfried?”
“There are two areas in which we have a very special interest. The first is simple: legitimate emigration certificates above and beyond the publicly stated number allowed by the British foreign office. Each one represents several lives saved, because they can be used by families. The second area is not simple, but can be of far greater impact. Shall we call it a demonstration? As good a word as any. A demonstration that groups sympathetic to Jewish settlement in Palestine are a source of assistance that the British cannot ignore.
It’s a way of buying influence-as NILI did, as Weizmann did, by serving the interests of the governing nation. It’s what, finally, the British understand. Quid pro quo. The White Paper will be debated in Parliament, where there are those who want to help us; we’d like to make it easier for them. The only way to accomplish that is with concrete acts, something definite they can point to. Not in public. Nothing happens in public. But in the halls, in the cloakrooms, the gentlemen’s clubs, the country houses-that’s where the serious business is done. That’s where we must be represented.”
“Can the emigration certificates be produced privately?”
“Forged, you mean.”
“Yes.”
“Of course it’s tried, and if one can be proud of forgers, Jewish forgers are among the best, though they have been known to go off on their own and produce the occasional Rembrandt.
“Unfortunately, the British have a tendency to count. And their colonial bureaucracy is efficient. The weakness in the system is that the civil servants in their passport offices are underpaid, a situation that leads only one place. Bribes have been offered, and accepted. Also discovered. The same situation is present in many embassies: Argentine, Liberian, Guatemalan-Jews are turning up as citizens of virtually everywhere. There are also instances where passport officers just give in to compassion when confronted with the unbearable condition of certain applicants-the horrors of this thing simply multiply the more you look at it. But forgery and bribery and whatever else occurs to you do not begin to create the numbers we need. What we have in mind is quite different, a private arrangement that produces real certificates.”
“Difficult. And sensitive.”
De Montfried smiled. “Monsieur Bloch has great faith in you.”
“Theoretically, in what way would a Soviet journalist involve himself in such matters? “
“Who can say? It’s been my experience of life that one does not try to control influential people. One can only present one’s case and hope for the best. If on reflection you find yourself in agreement with what has been said here this evening, you’ll find a way, I suspect, to bring your abilities to bear on the situation. I myself don’t know the solution, so I seek people out and pose the problem. But if I could believe that you would go home tonight and think about these matters I would be frankly overjoyed.”
Gently, and by mutual agreement, the conversation was allowed to drift off into pleasantries and, just in time for de Montfried to attend his “beastly charity thing,” they parted. Outside the little library, a club member with a bright red face and white hair greeted de Montfried effusively, pretending to pull an engineer’s whistle cord and making the French sound for toot, toot. De Montfried laughed heartily, the most amiable fellow imaginable. “We’ve known each other forever,” he said to Szara. They shook hands in the downstairs hall and the steward returned Szara’s umbrella, which had apparently been dried with a cloth.
January 1939.
08942 57661 44898
And so on, which turned out to mean S novym godom and S novym schastyem-happy new year and the best to you all-cold and formal wishes from the Great Father Stalin. During his week in Berlin, Szara had found himself in the neighborhood of the storage building that held the painting with the DUBOK dossier secreted behind the canvas. It had seemed to him remote, and very much beside the point. This is a lesson about time, he thought. With the surge of German power into Austria and Czechoslovakia, Russia assumed the role of counterweight, and if Stalin had been vulnerable when he decimated the military and intelligence services, he wasn’t now. Hitler was driving the world to his door. Stalin’s murders were achieved in basements; Hitler’s work was photographed for the newspapers. Russia was weak, full of starving peasants. Germany built superb locomotives. The Okhrana dossier had best remain where it was.
In early January, Szara suddenly ran a terrible fever. He lay amid soaked sheets; saw, when he closed his eyes, the splashing in the moonlit river Havel and heard, again and again, the scream for mercy. It was not delirium, it was a sickened memory that refused to heal. He saw Marta Haecht dancing in the yard of a thatched-roof cottage in some Ukrainian ghetto village. He saw the eyes of people who had stared at him in Berlin, a long tile hall, the broken face of a Wittenau policeman, the room in the narrow house. It had no name, this sickness; that was its secret, he thought; it fed deep, where words and ideas didn’t reach.
He tried the writer’s time-honored cure: writing. Unshaven, in wrinkled pajamas, he spent a few mornings at it, producing journalistic short stories in pursuit of the German character. Brutal, nasty stuff. He attacked hypocrisy, cruelty, fulminous envy, an obsessive sense of having been wronged, grievously, and misunderstood, eternally. Rereading, he was both horrified and pleased, recalled Lenin’s wondrously sly dictum that “paper will stand for anything you write on it,” and thought for a moment he might actually seek publication. But it was not, he came to realize, the blow he needed to strike. All it would do was make them angry. And they already were that, most of the time. It was not something he’d accused them of, yet in some ways he saw it as their dominant characteristic-he had no idea why, not really. One morning, as a fall of thick, wet snowflakes silenced the city, he tore the stories up.
Schau-Wehrli was his January angel, crisscrossed the icy streets of Paris and made his treffs with Valais, paid the concierge to bring him bowls of thick, amber soup, and sat on the edge of his bed when she had a spare moment. He came to understand, eventually, that the possibility of feverish babbling made them nervous-they didn’t want him in the hospital. Nobody quite said anything about it, but a doctor from the medical faculty at the Sorbonne, a sympathizer, suddenly made house calls to a man with a bad fever. A professor with a grand beard, peering down at him from the heights of professional achievement to say “Rest and keep warm and drink plenty of hot tea.”
When Schau-Wehrli stopped by they’d gossip-like himself, she really had no one to talk to. After the meeting in the Berlin theater, she told him, Tscherova had apparently redoubled her efforts, joining the rather lively circles of young, Nazi Party intellectuals and thus maneuvering her subagents into extremely productive relationships. “What did you do to her?” Schau-Wehrli would ask, teasing him as a great lover. He would smile weakly. “Really nothing. She is just so … so Russian,” he would say. “A little sympathy, a kind word, and a flower suddenly blooms.”
The fever broke after ten days and slowly Szara began to work again. In the last week of January, Abramov ordered a third-country meeting to pursue certain details regarding a reorganization of the OPAL network. This time it was to be in Switzerland, near the town of Sion, a couple of hours up the Rhone valley from Geneva, on the night of 7 February. The transmission took its time coming in and Kranov was annoyed. “They’ve changed W/T operators again,” he said, lighting a cigarette and sitting back in his chair. “Slow as mud, this new one.”
Goldman wired the following day, ordering-as he had when Szara had gone to Berlin-a
piggyback courier delivery. Sixty thousand French francs were to be taken to Lausanne on the day after his meeting with Abramov and passed, using a complicated identification/parol procedure, to an unnamed individual. This was a lot of money, and it caused a problem. Couriers were limited to a certain level of funds; after that Moscow, evidently in fear of temptation, dictated the presence of a second courier, specifically a diplomatic or intelligence officer and not just a network agent like Odile.
So Maltsaev told him, anyhow.
Szara was eating dinner at his neighborhood bistro, Le Temps folded in half and propped up against the mustard pot, when a man materialized across the table and introduced himself. “Get in touch with Ilya Goldman,” he said by way of establishing his bona fides. “He’ll confirm who I am-we were in Madrid together. At the embassy.” He was now in Paris, he continued, on temporary assignment from Belgrade, where he’d been political officer for a year or so.
Szara immediately disliked him. Maltsaev was a dark, balding young man with a bad skin and a sour disposition, a man much given to sinister affectations, a man who spoke always as though he were saying only a small fraction of what he actually knew. He wore tinted eyeglasses and a voluminous black overcoat of excellent quality.
Maltsaev made it clear that he found courier work boring and very much beneath him-the order to accompany Szara to Switzerland offended him in any number of ways. “These little czars in Moscow,” he said with a sneer, “throw roubles around as though the world were ending tomorrow.” He had a pretty good idea what went on in Lausanne, he confided, typical of the deskbound comrades to try and solve the problem with money. Typical also that some unseen controller in the Dzerzhinsky Square apparat was using the occasion to make Maltsaev’s life miserable, screwing him with some witless assignment that could be handled by any numskull operative. “Another enemy,” he grumbled. Somebody jealous of his promotions or his assignment in Paris. “But next we’ll see if he gets away with it. Maybe not, eh?” He pointed at Szara’s plate. “What’s that?”