by Alan Furst
Working down through his life, beneath the common anarchy of existence, the misadventures, dreams, and passions, he found pattern. Rather, two patterns. If every life is a novel, his had two plots. He discovered he had, often at the same moment, both served and resisted the Hitler/Stalin affaire, had worked for two masters, both in the Soviet special services. Bloch and Abramov.
What General Bloch had done was both daring and ingenious and, Szara came to believe, driven by desperation. He knew what was going on, he fought against it. And in this war Andre Szara had been one of his soldiers. To Szara, the depth of the operation and his part in it became clear only when he applied the doctrine of chronology-the exercise in a cellar in Izmir no different than the one he’d undertaken in a hotel room in Prague, when he’d worked through DUBOK‘s, Stalin’s, history of betrayal.
Bloch had become aware of Stalin’s move toward Hitler sometime before 1937 and had determined to prevent the alliance by naming Stalin as an Okhrana agent. He had somehow broken into Abramov’s communication system and ordered Szara aboard the steamship taking Grigory Khelidze from Piraeus to Ostend. Khelidze was on his way to Czechoslovakia to collect the Okhrana file hidden sometime earlier in a left-luggage room in a Prague railway station. Szara had induced Khelidze to reveal his whereabouts in Ostend, then Bloch had ordered the courier’s assassination. Then he’d used Szara as a substitute courier, used him to uncover Stalin’s crimes in the Bolshevik underground, used him to publish the history of that treason in an American magazine. It had almost worked. The Georgian khvost, however, had somehow learned of the operation and prevented publication from taking place.
Here the chronology was productive: it revealed a mirror image of this event.
Szara, while in Prague, had written a story for Pravda about the agony of the Czech people as Hitler closed in for the kill. That story was suppressed. It was not in Hitler’s interest for it to appear- evidently it was not in Stalin’s interest, either. Ultimately, Britain and France were blamed for the loss of Czechoslovakia at Munich but, in the very same instant, Stalin and the Red Army stood quietly aside and permitted it to happen.
Abramov had then protected Szara, his old friend and sometime operative, by absorbing him directly into the intelligence apparat- what better place to hide from the devil than in a remote corner of hell? In Paris, Szara had become Baumann’s case officer, in fact no more than one end of a secret communication system between Hitler and Stalin.
Then, a chance event that neither the Gestapo nor the NKVD could have foreseen.
The Paris OPAL network had broken through the screen of secrecy hiding their ongoing cooperation. Through Seneschal’s unwitting agent, the secretary Lotte Huber, Szara had discovered a meeting between Dershani, Khelidze’s superior in the Georgian khvost, and Uhlrich, a known SD officer, and photographed it. Seneschal had been murdered almost immediately because of this and Abramov had died for it a year or so later. Abramov, Szara now believed, had changed sides, attempted to use the photographs as leverage, and they had eliminated him as he attempted to escape.
There was more: Molotov’s replacing Litvinov as the Hitler/ Stalin courtship approached its moment of revelation, and Hitler’s public approval of the change. Even Alexander Blok’s poem “The Scythians” seemed to have played a part in the operation. Here, the analysis depended on audience. If, on the night of the actor Poziny’s recitation, the message was to the British and French diplomats in attendance, the poem served as a plea and a warning, which was how Blok had meant it: “We ourselves henceforth shall be no shield of yours we ourselves henceforth will enter no battle … Nor shall we stir when the ferocious Hun rifles the pockets of the dead / Burns down cities …” To a German ear, however, at that particular moment in history, it might have meant something very different, something not unlike an invitation, from Stalin to Hitler, to do those very things. To bend Blok’s poem to such a purpose was, to Szara, a particularly evil act, and it touched him with horror as nothing else had. He himself knew better, that compared to other evils the abuse of a poet’s words oughtn’t to have meant that much, yet somehow it did. Somehow it opened a door to what now happened in Europe, where, with Stalin’s concurrence, the words became reality. The horror took place.
Late at night in Izmir, the spring wind blowing hard off the Aegean Sea, Andre Szara stared sightlessly out the window above his writing table. He would never understand the mysteries that these two peoples, the Russian and the German, shared between them. Blok had tried as only a poet could, applying images, the inexplicable chemistry at the borders of language. Szara would not presume to go deeper. He could see where answers might be hidden-somewhere in what happened between him and Marta Haecht, somewhere in what happened between Nadia Tscherova and her German general, somewhere in what happened between Hitler and Stalin, somewhere in what happened, even, between himself and Von Polanyi. Trust and suspicion, love and hate, magnetism and repulsion. Was there a magic formula that drew all this together? He could not find it, not that night in Izmir he couldn’t. Perhaps he never would.
He could think only of Bloch’s final act in the drama, in which he had maneuvered Szara into the reach of de Montfried. It was as though Bloch, confronted by the certainty of failure-Beria ascendant, the murderers securely in power, a pact made with the devil- had sent one last message: save lives. Szara had done the best he could. And then the reality of circumstance had intervened.
And, soon enough, the reality of circumstance was that choices had to be made.
Szara filled a score of notebooks before he was done: messy, swollen things, pages front and back covered-entirely in disregard of the ruled lines-in penciled Russian scrawl, erasures, scribbled-out words from moments when the great impatience was on him. In time, he began to live for the night, for the hours when the people of his life would come alive and speak. His memory astonished him: what Abramov said, the way Marta would put things, Vainshtok’s sarcasms-and what may have been the final gesture of his life, which Szara never really did come to understand.
The potwasher’s job took its toll. The skin of his hands dried out, cracked, and sometimes bled-occasionally he left a blood-spore at the margin where his hand rested as he wrote. Let them figure that out! he thought. Them? He didn’t know who that was. Russians had become secret writers, in camps and basements and cells and a thousand forms of exile, and they could only imagine secret readers. He was no different.
Otherwise, the world was unreasonably kind to him. The old lady developed a theory that his aptitude lay beyond scouring burned buckwheat crusts from the sides of pots and insisted, in the primitive one-word-at-a-time Yiddish they used between them, that he accompany her on the daily shopping expeditions-here she performed a fluent pantomime, lugging an invisible weight and blowing with fatigue-and when they attacked the markets, she took him to school. Onions were to be oblong and hard. You sniffed a melon here. With that thief you counted change twice. She had plans for him. He sensed a change of fortune, an improvement, a possible solution.
He was not the only one, that spring, who sought solutions. Far to the north of him, on Germany’s western border, military intelligence officers were wondering exactly how they might penetrate France’s Maginot Line or, if it could not be overrun, how to turn its flank. At first this seemed impossible. Even if the Wehrmacht were to violate Belgian neutrality, how were the Panzer tanks, so critical to the German attack scenario, to break through the dense Ardennes forest? To answer this question, the officers fixed lengths of pipe to the hoods of their cars, making them the width of a tank, and drove through the forest. You had to go slow, they found, you had to weave in and out among the trees, you might have to knock down a few of them here and there, but it could be done.
It was done on io May. Along with glider and paratroop attacks to hold the Belgian bridges and subdue the Belgian forts. In the soft evening light on Izmir’s seaside promenade Szara came upon a group of French people-perhaps commercial travelers or employees of Fre
nch companies-gathered around a single copy of Le Temps. The Aeolus blew hard at that hour, and the men were holding their hats with one hand and the pages of the wind-whipped newspaper with the other. One of the women had tears on her face. Szara stood at the edge of the group and read over their shoulders. He understood immediately what had happened-he had seen Poland. One of the men was wearing a flat-brimmed straw boater. He let it go in order to flatten a recalcitrant page, the wind immediately blew it off and it rolled and skipped along the promenade.
Szara packed the notebooks that night, wrapping them carefully in brown paper and tying the package with string. An old sweater, a few novels-Balzac, Stendahl, Conrad in French-extra shirt and socks, a photograph of a Paris bistro torn from a magazine, a street map of Sofia; all of that went on top. It was time for the refugee to disappear, and a false-bottom suitcase no longer served his purposes.
Early the following morning, sleepless and pale, he stood in a long line at the central post office. When he reached the grilled window he handed over a cable to be wired to de Montfried’s office in Paris. He had an answer twenty-four hours later, was directed to a street of private banks where, beneath a vast, domed ceiling that assured a cool and perpetual dusk, a group of men in striped pants counted out thousands of French francs. Outside, Szara blinked in the hard sunlight and made his way to the office of the Denizcilik Bankasi, the Turkish Maritime Lines, a venerable institution that had been calling at the ports of the Mediterranean for over a century. The clerks were deeply understanding. This French patriot would return to his homeland, sailing in a first-class stateroom to face his destiny in war. Each in turn, they shook his hand and looked into his eyes, then pointed out a hallway that led to the baggage room. Here too he found sympathy. A supervisor stood with hands clasped behind his back and watched as his young assistant wrote out a claim ticket. With ritual care, a tag was tied to the handle, then the supervisor tapped a bell and a man in a blue uniform appeared and carried the valise away. Szara got a glimpse of the baggage room when he opened the door; sturdy, wooden shelves climbed to the ceiling. He saw old-fashioned Gladstones, steamer trunks, portmanteaus, wooden crates, even a few metal dispatch boxes with stenciled printing. The supervisor cleared his throat. “Do not trouble yourself,” he said. “The trust of our clients is sacred, and this we maintain, even in the most difficult times.” Then he added, “Good luck. Godspeed.” The German attack on France had flowed through the city like a current; war was now certain, it would surely be worse than 1914. All the citizens of Izmir Szara encountered that day were very formal and dignified; it was their particular way with tragedy.
He sailed on 14 May and reached Marseille five days later. On the voyage he kept to his cabin and had his meals brought up by the steward. Even though future sailings had been suspended, there were few travelers on the ship, only those who felt they had to return to a country at war. By the time they docked, Antwerp had been captured and the Wehrmacht had taken Amiens. Szara’s steward told him confidentially that some of the passengers felt it was already too late, and they had decided not to disembark in France. The customs and passport officials took care of the first-class passengers in their staterooms. They asked no questions of Jean Bonotte-there could be only one reason he was returning to France.
He was in Geneva a day later, traveling by hired car because the trains had become impossible, many of the locomotives and wagonslits shifted north under French military control. Jean Bonotte was admitted to Switzerland on a five-day visa, in order to take care of banking business that had to be seen to in person. Again he wired de Montfried, again de Montfried responded immediately, and once again he was directed to a street of private banks. In this instance, the bankers were replaced, in an elaborately furnished sitting room, by attorneys. There were muted introductions, the fine weather was acknowledged, then the concept of intervention-a soft, subtle, even a graceful expression when purred a syllable at a time in French- was permitted to enter the conversation. Evidently it meant that certain officials would decide to intervene in Jean Bonotte’s favor, for there could be no question but that he was the very sort of gentleman who should be resident in Switzerland. Szara said almost nothing; the Bonotte who sat at the table was virtually ignored, it was Bonotte the legal entity with whom they concerned themselves. These were gifted attorneys, with voices like cellos, who did not exactly ask questions; instead they provided answers, phrasing them for courtesy’s sake in the interrogatory mood: “Wouldn’t it be much the best idea to inform the Prefecture that …” Szara followed along as best he could. Soothed by the distant clacking of typewriters, warmed by the sun pouring in a leaded-glass window, he might have fallen asleep if, every now and again, someone hadn’t flourished a paper that needed signing. This is how, he thought, you climb over barbed wire without cutting your hands.
And so, it began again.
An eternal craft, Szara realized, in this warm and gray and placid city where the Rhone surged gently beneath stone bridges. Concessions were granted, money was earned, interest compounded, statements mailed in hand-addressed envelopes, and intelligence acquired, sold, traded, or simply locked away for later use. The city wasn’t about secrecy, it was about privacy. Coat collars were worn flat. Szara found the usual small villa in the usual bland neighborhood, on the chemin de Saussac, south of the city, and set aggressively about minding his own business, soon enough disappearing into the shadows of the daily and the expected. With his neighbors, he practiced the single, stiff nod-no more, no less. He bought three brown suits, just barely different enough so the world might know he had more than one. Established a bank account, paid his bills, vanished. “A most orderly and dignified city,” wrote the phantom B from Zurich. Something not unlike nostalgia attended Szara’s hours on the train-all that effort to avoid a Geneva postmark while letting her know he was safe in Switzerland.
Safe was, of course, a relative term. He remained a fugitive. But somewhere, in his long odyssey through the back streets of southern Europe, Szara had learned to put aside his fear of inevitable retribution. Now he only hoped that if the NKVD discovered him he would not be kidnapped and interrogated. If they were going to kill him, let them get it over with quickly. He maintained some features of his previous disguise, in defense of chance recognition more than anything else. A woman journalist he knew, a Belgian, stared at him on a street one day. Szara acted like a man receiving an unexpected, though not at all unwelcome, sexual advance, and she hurried off. On another occasion an unknown man spoke to him, hesitantly, in Russian. Szara looked puzzled and asked, in French, if he needed assistance. The man apologized with a little bow and turned away. What helped to protect him, Szara felt, was the attitude of the Swiss government toward the NKVD; the Soviet defector Ignace Reiss had been gunned down, quite openly, by NKVD operatives in Switzerland in 1937. The Swiss didn’t like that sort of thing at all. What the Russians now maintained, he guessed, were quiet diplomatic affiliations and a few OPAL-style networks using former Communist party members as agents. Moscow thought it best to respect the limits of Swiss patience-any tolerance for revolutionary activity had long ago disappeared. The young Jews in flight from the Pale no longer argued the nights away-Hasidism! Socialism! Bolshevism! Zionism! — in Geneva cafes. Lenin, leaving exile in Switzerland in 1917, had left no statues of himself behind, and the Swiss seemed in no hurry to install them.
It would now be necessary to go to war.
This was his obligation, his heritage, it required no justification. “I need,” Von Polanyi had said, “a man who can do good and not get caught at it.” Very well, Szara was that man. In his desk drawer was the address of a certain drapery shop in Frankfurt. To complete the connection, he needed only a poste restante address, and this he obtained in Thonon, a pleasant train ride up the southern shore of Lac Leman. A communication line was now established out of Germany.
As to where Von Polanyi’s information would go next, that depended on what he provided, and it was clearly Szara’s ch
oice to make: Geneva was rich with possibilities. Carefully, quietly, Szara built an inventory of candidates. The obvious-French and British political officers-and the not so obvious. Szara made contact with organizations interested in progressive political causes. He used the library, read old newspapers, identified journalists with strong contacts within the diplomatic community. Through one of de Montfried’s attorneys, he managed an introduction to one of them, now retired, who had written about the Swiss political world with extraordinary insight. He took a vanilla cake and a bottle of kirschwasser to the man’s home and they spent the afternoon in conversation. Yes, information was considered a crucial resource in Switzerland, a good deal of buying and selling went on. A certain Swedish businessman, a French oil executive, a professor of linguistics at the university. On hearing the last, Szara feigned surprise. The old journalist grinned. “A terrific communist in the old days, but I guess he saw the light.” The look on the man’s face- cynical, amused-told Szara everything he needed to know. He’d turned up the corner of a network.
Paris fell on 14 June.
Szara saw the famous photograph of the Wehrmacht marching past the Arc de Triomphe. He had hoped desperately for a miracle, a British miracle, an American miracle, but none had been performed. Because all eyes were on France, the USSR chose that moment for the military occupation of Latvia and Estonia, then took the Romanian territories of Bessarabia and the northern Bukovna on the twenty-sixth. Szara mailed a postal card to a drapery shop in Frankfurt. “My wife and I plan to return home on the third of July. Can new curtains be ready by that date? ” Three weeks later, a letter to M. Jean Bonotte, Poste Restante, Thonon. In response to his inquiry, Herr Doktor Bruckmann would arrive at the Hotel Belvedere on the tenth of September. Patients wishing to consult with the doctor on neurological disorders should arrange appointments by reference from their local physicians.