Mary Tudor: The First Queen

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Mary Tudor: The First Queen Page 57

by Linda Porter


  4 Quoted in Starkey, Elizabeth, p. 196.

  5 Attributed to Ashton by Henry Peckham, under interrogation. Quoted in Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies, p. 213.

  6 ‘As a roaring lion goes about, seeking whom he may devour’.This is a quotation from 1 Peter 5:8 in the Vulgate, the Catholic version of the Bible. See the footnote to this letter in Marcus et al., Elizabeth I, Collected Works, p. 43.

  7 2 August 1556, Marcus et al., Elizabeth I, Collected Works, pp. 43-4.

  8 For the complete 1557 New Year’s Gift List, see D. Loades, Mary Tudor (Oxford, 1989), pp. 358-69.

  9 Quoted in Tom Glasgow Jr, ‘The Navy in Philip and Mary’s War, 1557-1558’, Mariner’s Mirror, vol. 53(4) (November, 1967), p. 322.

  10 Quoted by C. S. L. Davies, ‘England and the French War’, in J. Loach and R.Tittler (eds), The mid-Tudor Polity, c. 1540-1560 (London, 1983).

  11 Cal SP Venetian, 6Ii, p. 1240.

  12 See Carter, ‘Mary Tudor’s Wardrobe’.

  13 Intercepted dispatch in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, BN fr. 23191, quoted in David Potter, ‘The duc de Guise and the Fall of Calais, 1557-1558’, English Historical Review, 98 (July 1983), pp. 481-512.

  14 2 January 1558 at 10 p.m., in Edward Arber (ed.), An English Garner (Birmingham, 1882), vol. iv, p. 193.The marshes had been partially flooded, but not sufficiently to give major problems to the French.

  15 2 February 1558, Cal SP Spanish, 13, p. 351.

  16 10 January 1558, ibid., 6iii, p. 1421.

  17 31 January 1558, ibid., 13,p.348.

  18 21 January 1558, ibid., 13, pp. 340-41.

  19 10 March 1558, ibid., 13, pp. 366-8.

  20 The will is quoted in full as Appendix 3 to Loades, Mary Tudor, pp. 370-80.

  21 BL MS Cotton Titus, B.2, f. 109. Quoted in Prescott, Mary Tudor, pp. 377-8.The original is a draft in French, with alterations, in Mary’s own hand.

  22 Pope’s report from Hatfield of 26 April 1558, in SPD Mary I, no. 753.

  23 The 18th-century writer,Thomas Warton, relied on papers that proved to be forgeries.

  24 Wriothesley, Chronicle, 2, p. 139.

  25 For a general discussion of the chronology of 16th-century epidemics, see Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (Oxford, 1985), pp. 53-78.

  26 6 October 1558, CSP Foreign, 1553-8, no. 834.

  27 Quoted in Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2nd edn (1965), vol. 1, p. 404.

  28 John A. H.Wylie and Leslie H. Collier, ‘The English sweating sickness (Sudor Anglicus): A re-appraisal’, Journal of the History of Medicine, vol. 36 (1981), pp. 425-45.

  29 Henry Clifford, Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria, ed. J. Stevenson (London, 1887), p. 69.

  30 The poetic tribute of Juan de Vega, president of the Council of Castile, quoted in the Autobiography of Charles V, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove (London, 1862), p. xxxi. In fact, Charles never lost his interest in politics and had, earlier in the year, urged his daughter Juana to act decisively against the spread of heresy in Spain.

  31 Loades, Mary Tudor, pp. 380-83.

  32 Starkey, Elizabeth, p. 228.

  33 ‘The Count of Faria’s despatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558’, ed. and trans. M.J. Rodriguez-Salgado and Simon Adams, Camden Miscellany, 4th series, vol. 29, pp. 300-44.

  34 ‘Memorandum of the jewels that lie in a coffer at Whitehall’, late 1558(?), Cal SP Spanish, 13, pp. 441-2.

  35 Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vol. 3, pt ii, p. 142.

  36 Ibid., vol.3, pt ii, p. 548.

  37 Harleian Miscellany, X (London, 1813), pp. 259-60.

  Epilogue

  1 Quoted in DNB entry for Winchester, 2004.

  2 Haynes, A collection of state papers, pp. 208-9.

  3 The exact state of Mary’s health in 1558 before she fell fatally ill is not easy to discern. Certainly she was still conducting affairs of state during Feria’s visits in February and June. She had been bled so much over the years that she was almost certainly suffering from anaemia.

  Index

  Abell,Thomas

  Abergavenny, Lord

  Act of Succession

  Acts and Monuments (Foxe)

  Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius

  Albuquerque, duke of

  Alexander, Nicholas

  Alva, duchess of

  Anna of Austria

  Anne of Cleves:

  appearance of

  death of

  Henry divorces

  Henry’s marriage to

  Mary’s coronation and

  Mary’s marriage considerations and

  Aquinas,Thomas

  Arras, bishop of

  Arthur, Prince of Wales

  death of

  Arundel, countess of

  Arundel, earl of

  death of

  Dudley’s letter to

  Philip met by

  Ascham, Roger

  Ashley, Katherine

  Ashton, Christopher

  Asshendon,Thomasine

  Bacon, Anne

  Baker, Alice

  Baker, Sir John

  Baker, Richard

  Barahona, Juan de

  Barton, Elizabeth, Nun of Kent

  Bath, earl of

  battle of Mohács

  Baynton, Margery

  Bedford, earl of

  Bedingfeld, Sir Henry

  Bellay, Jean du

  Bendon, Alice

  Blount, Elizabeth

  Boccaccio, Giovanni

  Boetius

  Boleyn, Anne:

  adultery charges laid against

  appearance of

  birth and early life of

  birth of

  Katharine of Aragon and

  Katharine of Aragon’s only public outburst against

  Claude’s household joined by

  court debut of

  Cranmer nullifies marriage of

  created marchioness of Pembroke

  Cromwell’s coup against

  crowning of

  determination of

  differing opinions of

  early impact of, on Mary

  Elizabeth born to

  execution of

  Francis I meets

  at Greenwich

  growing power of

  Henry accompanied by

  Henry falls for

  Henry’s letters to

  Henry secretly marries

  Henry’s tempestuous relationship with

  Henry’s unwavering commitment to

  Letters Patent undo marriage of

  Mary’s enmity with

  Mary’s few meetings with

  Mary Rose’s public disapproval of

  Mary-Henry relationship worries

  miscarriages suffered by

  noblewomen give precedence to

  Norris and

  plot against

  pregnancies of

  rise of supporters of

  Smeton’s adultery confession and

  sweating sickness suffered by

  trial of

  Wolsey blamed by

  Boleyn, George

  Boleyn, Mary

  Boleyn, Sir Thomas (later earl of Wiltshire)

  Bonner, Edmund

  Bonnivet, Admiral

  Book of Common Prayer

  Book of the Ladies (Pisan)

  Book of Rates

  Botticelli

  Boulogne

  Boxall, John

  Brandon, Charles, duke of Suffolk

  Brandon, Frances, duchess of Suffolk

  Brown, Mary

  Bruges, treaty of

  Bryan, Lady Margaret

  Brydges, John

  Buckingham, duke of

  Bull, Richard

  Burgh, Lady

  Butts, Dr William

  Cabot, Sebastian

  Cabrera, Luis

  Calais

  Calthorpe, Sir Philip

  Caly, Robert

  Campeggio, Cardinal Lore
nzo

  Katherine of Aragon denounces

  Cappel, Sir Giles

  Carew, Sir Gawain

  Carew, Sir Nicholas

  Carew, Sir Peter

  Carlos, Don

  Carthusians

  Castiglione, Battista

  Castro, Alfonso de

  Katherine of Aragon:

  Arthur’s marriage to

  banishment of

  Anne Boleyn accused of trying to poison

  Anne Boleyn’s underestimation of

  Charles V and

  Cranmer nullifies marriage of

  death of

  education book commissioned by

  enduring love for Henry shown by

  farewell letter of, to Henry

  first pregnancy of

  Fitzroy’s elevation appals

  funeral of

  health concern of

  Henry’s attempts to end marriage to passim

  Henry intimidates

  Henry separates Mary from

  jewels surrendered by

  legatine marriage hearing concerning

  letter of, to Charles V

  letter of, to pope

  Letters Patent undo marriage of

  Linacre and

  Londoners’ love for

  Mary born to

  Mary’s early care and

  Mary’s education and

  Mary’s final parting from

  matronly figure of

  native language and

  new ideas championed by

  nobles’ delegation fails to persuade

  Pole, Margaret, and

  pope rules in favour of

  religious devotion of

  Rome’s involvement sought by

  second pregnancy of

  Vives and

  widowhood of

  Wolsey and

  Katherine of York, Princess

  Catholic Church:

  discontent with

  lands of

  power of

  resentment towards

  see also England: Catholic faith restored to; England: Catholics a minority in; Vatican

  Cecil,William

  Chancellor, Richard

  Chapel Royal

  Chapuys, Eustace

  anti-Boleyn conspiracy and

  Cromwell’s meetings with

  Henry’s meeting with

  Jane described by

  Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

  abdication of

  Chapuys employed by

  death of

  diplomats of

  entry into London of

  failing health of

  Henry’s support sought by

  influence of, over Mary

  Mary all but abandoned by

  Mary congratulated by

  Mary’s entreaty to

  Mary’s escape plan and

  Mary’s letter to

  Mary’s ‘pregnancy’ and

  Mary’s proposed marriage and

  pope held prisoner by

  Château Vert

  Cheke, Sir John

  Cheyney, Sir Thomas

  Chichester, bishop of

  Christina of Denmark

  Christina of Lorraine

  Cicero

  City of God, The (Augustine)

  Clarence, duke of, see George, duke of Clarence

  Clarencius, Susan

  Claude, Queen of France

  Clement VII, Pope

  Clifford, Lady Margaret

  Clinton, Sir Edward (later Lord)

  Colet, John

  Coligny, admiral of France

  College of Physicians

  Constance of Castile

  Cooper, Jane

  Cordell,William

  Cornwallis, Sir Thomas

  Cotton, Robert

  Council of the North

  Courrières, count of

  Courtenay, Edward (later earl of Devonshire) passim

  death of

  Elizabeth’s name linked with

  Courtenay, Henry, earl of Devon, marquess of Exeter

  Courtenay, Sir William

  Craddock, Lady Katherine

  Cranmer,Thomas

  Edward’s confidence in

  Edward’s funeral conducted by

  execution of

  heresy trial of

  house arrest of

  recantation of

  succession and

  Tower imprisonment of

  Croft, Sir James

  Cromwell,Thomas

  anti-Boleyn coup devised by

  chancellor’s role of

  Chapuys’s meetings with

  execution of

  Fitzroy’s death and

  Mary exasperates

  Mary given horse by

  Mary’s letter of thanks to

  Mary threatened with abandonment by

  Crusaders

  Culpepper,Thomas

  customs

  da Vinci, Leonardo

  Darnley, Lord

  Decameron (Boccaccio)

  del Monte, Giovanni, see Julius III, Pope

  Denton, Elizabeth

  Derby, Lord

  Devon, countess of, see Katherine of York, Princess

  Devon, earl of, see Courtenay, Henry, earl of Devon, marquess of Exeter

  Devonshire, earl of, see Courtenay, Edward

  Dissolution Bill

  Dormer, Jane

  Dormer, Lady

  Dormer, Sir William

  Douglas, Lady Margaret, countess of Lennox

  d’Oysel, Ambassador

  drought

  Drury, Sir William

  Dubois, Jehan

  Dudley, Ambrose, earl of Warwick

  Dudley, Katherine

  Dudley conspiracy

  Dudley, Edward

  Dudley, Guildford

  execution of

  Dudley, Henry

  Dudley, John

  anti-Mary force led by

  arrest of

  conciliatory towards Mary

  death sentence on

  Edward’s confidence in

  Edward’s death kept secret by

  Edward’s health and

  Elizabeth’s London property given to

  hour of reckoning of

  Jane’s reign and

  leader of government

  Mary’s dislike of

  Mary’s growing army presents dilemma to

  Mary’s proclamation’s denunciation of

  Mary puts price on head of

  Mary sets out to apprehend

  Paget and Arundel humiliated by

  succession and

  surrender of

  treatment of, during imprisonment

  trial of

  wife pleads with Mary for life of

  Dudley, Lady Jane, see Grey, Jane

  Dudley, Robert

  Duffy, Eamon

  Duwes, Giles

  Dymoke, Sir Edward

  economy

  Education of a Christian Woman, The (Vives)

  Edward IV, King

  Edward the Confessor

  Edward VI

  birth of

  coronation of

  death of

  doubts over legitimacy of succession of

  funeral of

  grooming of, for government

  health of

  last weeks of

  Mary’s escape plot and

  Mary’s freedom-of-religion appeal to

  Mary’s last meeting with

  Mary reproved by

  matters of state undertaken by

  overstated academic attainments of

  privy council of

  privy council conceals death of

  removal of, to Windsor

  sisters disinherited by

  succession and

  Egmont, Count of

  Elder, John

  Eleanor of France

  Elisabeth of France, Princess

  Elizabeth of York

 
Elizabeth, duchess of Norfolk see Howard, Elizabeth, duchess of Norfolk

  Elizabeth, Princess (later Elizabeth I)

  appearance of

  armed guard placed on house of

  bastard status of

  becomes queen

  Courtenay’s name linked with

  Dudley conspiracy and

  Edward’s succession plan against

  emotional fragility of

  epitaph infuriates

  French spy carries letter of

  funeral of

  Jane Grey and

  guile of

  health of

  Henry doubts succession of

  longevity of reign of

  marriage of priests opposed by

  Mary accepts succession of

  Mary’s choice of husband and

  Mary’s coronation and

  Mary’s death and

  Mary’s determination to ignore status of

  Mary’s gifts to

  Mary’s last meeting with

  Mary’s ‘pregnancies’ and

  Mary’s relationship with

  Mary’s will and

  mercantile community and

  new wealth of

  northern rebellion against

  Northumberland given London property of

  Philip’s proposal to

  question of marriage of

  re-establishment of, as head of Church of England

  religious-instruction request by

  Renard’s suspicions of

  Seymour’s behaviour towards

  Seymour-Parr marriage and

  title of

  Tower imprisonment of

  White’s funeral references to

  Woodstock confinement of

  Wyatt Rebellion and

  England:

  agrarian discontent in

  Catholic faith restored to

  Catholics a minority in

  central to monarch’s power

  Chapuys’s dislike of

  coinage of

  concern over public drinking in

  enormous change in

  epidemics in

  Europeans’ views of

  Frances’s relations with

  France’s war with

  governmental tradition of

  Pole absolves

  population of

  rains and floods in

  religious change in

  Scotland’s relations with

  social and religious discontent produces widespread rebellion in

  sweating sickness (‘the sweat’) in

  violent ruling class of

  Englefield, Sir Francis

  Epitaph upon the death of our late virtuous Quene Marie deceased, The

  Erasmus, Desiderius

  Eraso

  Erik XIV

  Essex, earl of

  Europe, famine and pestilence in

  Euston Hall, near Thetford

  exchequer, reform of

  Exeter, marquess of, see Courtenay, Henry, earl of Devon, marquess of Exeter

  famine

  Feckenham, Abbot

  Feckenham, John

  Ferdinand of Aragon

  Ferdinand, King of the Romans (later Holy Roman Emperor)

 

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