The Girl Who Loved Camellias: The Life and Legend of Marie Duplessis

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by Julie Kavanagh


  Matharel de Fiennes, Charles. L’Entr’acte, 10 and 11 February 1852.

  “Méjannes.” Column in Gil Blas, 18 October 1887.

  Mesnil, E. du. L’Intermédiaire des Chercheurs et Curieux. 10 September 1890.

  Roqueplan, Nestor. Parisine. Paris: J. Hetzel et Cie, 1868.

  Vandam, Albert. An Englishman in Paris, vol. 1. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1892.

  FURTHER READING

  Alméras, Henri d’. La vie parisienne sous le règne de Louis-Philippe. Paris: Albin Michel, no date.

  Anon. La grisette à Paris et en province. Sa vie, ses moeurs, son caractère, ses joies, ses espérances, ses tribulations. Paris: Renault, 1843.

  Anon. Paris dansant; ou, Les filles d’Hérodiade. Paris: J. Bréauté, 1845.

  Ariste, Paul d’. La vie et le monde du boulevard (1830–1870) (Un Dandy: Nestor Roqueplan). Paris: Jules Tallandier, 1930.

  Banville, Théodore de. Mes souvenirs. Paris: G. Charpentier, 1882.

  ———. Les Parisiennes de Paris. Paris: M. Lévy Frères, 1866.

  ———. Petites études, Paris vécu. Paris: G. Charpentier, 1883.

  Barnes, David S. The Making of a Social Disease: Tuberculosis in Nineteenth-Century France. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

  Beach, Vincent W. Charles X of France: His Life and Times. Boulder, Colo.: Pruett, 1971.

  Beaconsfield, Lord. Correspondence with His Sister, 1832–1852. London: John Murray, 1886.

  Beauvoir, Roger de. Voluptueux Souvenirs; ou, Le Souper des Douze (avec la réproduction de 12 figures libre de Devéria). Paris: Romainville, pour la bibliothèque de “Disciples d’Eros,” date unknown.

  Bertaut, Jules. Le Boulevard. Paris: Jules Tallandier, 1957.

  Blessington, Countess of. The Idler in France, vols. 1 and 2. London: Henry Colburn, 1841.

  Bordeaux, Michèle, et al. Madame ou Mademoiselle?: Itineraires de la solitude feminine, 19–20me siècle. Paris: Montalba, 1984.

  Castelnau, Jacques. En remontant les grands boulevards. Paris: Le Livre Contemporain, 1960.

  Claudin, Gustave. Mes souvenirs: Les boulevards de 1840–1870. Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1884.

  Claretie, Jules La. Vie à Paris. Paris: Bibliothèque-Charpentier, 1911.

  Contades, Comte G. de. Portraits et fantaisies. Paris: Maison Quantin, 1887.

  Corbin, Alain. Women for Hire: Prostitution and Sexuality in France after 1850. Cambridge, Mass. London: Harvard University Press, 1990.

  Czapska, Maria. Une famille d’Europe Centrale 1772–1914. Paris: Plon, 1972.

  Delvau, Alfred. Les lions du jour. Paris: E. Dentu, 1867.

  Disraeli, Benjamin. Letters, vols. I, II, V. Toronto, Buffalo, London: University of Toronto Press, 1982.

  Dumas, Alexandre. Lettres à mon fils. Edition présentée et annotée par Claude Schopp. Paris: Mercure de France, 2008.

  Dumas fils, Alexandre. L’affaire Clemenceau: Mémoire de l’accusé. Paris: Michael Lévy Frères, 1869.

  ———. The Lady of the Camellias. With a critical introduction by Edmund Gosse. London: William Heinemann, 1902.

  ———. Péchés de jeunesse. Paris: Fellens et Dufour, 1847.

  Félice, Raoul de. La Basse-Normandie. Paris: Hachette, 1907.

  Foulkes, Nick. Last of the Dandies. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003.

  Gramont, E[lisabeth] de, ex-Duchesse de Clermont-Tonnerre. Pomp and Circumstance. Trans. Brian W. Downs. New York: Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith, 1929.

  Gribble, Francis. Dumas, Father and Son. London: Eveleigh Nash & Grayson, 1930.

  Grunwald, Constantin de. Le Duc de Gramont, gentilhomme et diplomate. Paris: Hachette, 1950.

  Guitry, Sacha. Cinquante ans d’occupations. Paris: Le Grand Livre du Mois, 1993.

  Hemmings, F.W.J. The King of Romance: A Portrait of Alexandre Dumas. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1979.

  Henriot, Emile. Portraits de femmes d’Héloïse à Katherine Mansfield. Paris: Albin Michel, 1951.

  Houssaye, Arsène. Man about Paris. Trans. and ed. Henry Knepler, London: Victor Gollancz, 1972.

  ———. La péchéresse, Paris: M. Lévy Frères, 1863.

  ———. Souvenirs de jeunesse. Paris: Flammarion, 1896.

  Hugo, Victor. Choses vues. Paris: Mondiale, 1957.

  James, Henry. The Scenic Art: Notes on Acting and the Drama, 1872–1901. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1949.

  Janin, Jules. 735 lettres à sa femme. Textes décryptés, classés et annotés par Mergier-Bourdeix. 3 vols. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1973–79.

  John, Nicholas, ed. Violetta and Her Sisters: “The Lady of the Camellias”; Responses to the Myth. London: Faber & Faber, 1994.

  Landor, Walter Savage. Letters and Other Unpublished Writings. Ed. Stephen Wheeler. London: Richard Bentley and Son, 1897.

  Liszt, Franz. Selected Letters. Trans. and ed. by Adrian Williams. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.

  Liszt, Franz, and Marie d’Agoult. Correspondance. Présentée et annotée par Serge Gut et Jacqueline Bellas. Paris: Fayard, 2001.

  Loliée, Frédéric. The Gilded Beauties of the Second Empire. London: John Long, 1909.

  Madden, R. R. The Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of Blessington, vols. 1–3. London: T. C. Newby, 1855.

  Mané [pseudonym of Henri de Pené]. Le Paris viveur. Paris: E. Dentu, 1862.

  Mansel, Philip. Paris Between Empires, 1814–1852. London: John Murray, 2001.

  Martin, Marietta. Le Docteur Koreff (1783–1851): Un aventurier intellectuel sous la restauration et la Monarchie de Juillet. Paris: Edouard Champion, 1925.

  Maupassant, Guy de. Le colporteur. Edition présentée, établie et annotée par Marie-Clare Bancquart. Paris: Gallimard, 2006.

  Maurois, André. Three Musketeers: A Study of the Dumas Family. Trans. Gerard Hopkins. London: Jonathan Cape, 1957.

  Morrison, Alfred. The Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical Documents: The Blessington Papers. Printed for private circulation, 1895.

  Murger, Henri. Scènes de la vie de bohème. Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1886.

  Musset, Alfred de. Etudes d’histoire romantique. Vol. 1 (1848–1914). Paris: Societé du Mercure de France, 1907.

  Nesselrode, Comte de. Lettres et papiers, 1760–1850. Paris: A. Lahure, 1904.

  Noël, Benoit, and Jean Hournon. La Seine au temps des canotiers. Paris: ROM Productions, 1997.

  Parent-Duchâtelet, Alexandre. La prostitution à Paris au XIXe siècle. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1981.

  Perényi, Eleanor. Liszt. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974.

  Plancy, Baron de. Souvenirs et indiscrétions d’un disparu. Paris: Paul Ollendorff, 1892.

  Pontavice de Heussey, Robert du. L’inimitable Boz: Etude historique et anecdotique sur la vie et l’oeuvre de Charles Dickens. Paris: Maison Quantin, 1889.

  Prévost, d’Exiles, Antoine-François. Histoire du chevalier Des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut. Paris: Gallimard, 2008.

  Price, David. Cancan! London: Cygnus Arts, 1998.

  Richardson, Joanna. The Courtesans: The Demi-Monde in Nineteenth-Century France. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967.

  ———. Théophile Gautier: His Life and Times. London: Max Reinhardt, 1958.

  Roqueplan, Nestor. Regain: La vie parisienne. Paris: Librairie Nouvelle, 1853.

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. La nouvelle Héloïse. Paris: Garnier, 1963.

  Sadleir, Michael. Blessington-D’Orsay: A Masquerade. London: Constable, 1947.

  Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de. Paul and Virginia. Trans. Helen Maria Williams. London: F. C. and J. Rivington, 1822.

  Saint-Victor, Paul de. Le théâtre contemporain. Paris: C. Lévy, 1889.

  Sand, George. Isidora. Paris: Editions Sercap, 1982.

  Saunders, Edith. The Prodigal Father: Dumas Père et Fils and The Lady of the Camellias. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1951.

  Seymour, Bruce. Lola Montez: A Life. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996.

  Texier, Edmond. Tableau de Paris. Paris: P
aulin et Le Chevalier, 1852–53.

  Vento, Claude. Les peintres de la femme. Paris: E. Dentu, 1888.

  Vérel, Charles. Nonant-le-Pin, ses foires et son marché, etc. Alençon: Vve A. Laverdure, 1914.

  Viel-Castel, Horace de. Mémoires sur la règne de Napoléon III, 1851–1864. Paris: Chez Tous les Libraires, 1883.

  Villemessant, H. de. Mémoires d’un journaliste: deuxième serie: Les hommes de mon temps. Paris: E. Dentu, 1872.

  ———. Mémoires d’un journaliste: Scènes intimes. Paris: E. Dentu, 1876.

  Walker, Alan. Franz Liszt. Vol. 1, The Virtuoso Years, 1811–1847. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.

  Wharton, Edith. Beatrice Palmato. Appendix to R. W. B. Lewis, Edith Wharton: A Biography. London: Constable, 1975.

  Williams, Adrian. Portraits of Liszt by Himself and His Contemporaries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

  Wissant, Georges de. Cafés and Cabarets. Paris: Jules Tallandier, 1928.

  Wohl, Janka. François Liszt: Recollections of a Compatriot. Trans. B. Peyton Ward. London: Ward & Downey, 1887.

  Yriarte, Charles. Les cercles de Paris 1828–1864. Paris: Dupray de la Mahérie, 1864.

  Zola, Emile. L’assommoir. Paris: Livre de Poche, 1996.

  ———. The Belly of Paris. Trans. with an introduction and notes by Brian Nelson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

  ———. Nana. Trans. with an introduction and notes by Douglas Parmee. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

  Index

  Achard, Amédée (writing under pseudonym Grimm), 7.1, 7.2

  affaire Clemenceau, L’ (Dumas fils), 6.1, 6.2

  Agoult, Countess Marie d’, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, app1.1

  Aguado de las Marismas, Count Olympe, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5; background of, 7.6; end of Marie’s affair with, 7.7; Marie’s debts settled by, 7.8, 7.9; Marie’s final hours and, 7.10, 7.11; at Marie’s funeral, 7.12; as photographer, app1.1; society women’s introduction to Marie arranged by, 7.13; in years after Marie’s death, app1.2

  Anderson, Mme (baroness), 6.1, 6.2

  Argentelles, Anne d’

  Arvers, Félix, 5.1, 6.1

  Ashton, Frederick, itr.1, itr.2, nts.1n, nts.2n

  Assommoir, L’ (Zola)

  Badeblatt, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  Baden-Baden, 3.1; Marie’s sojourns in, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1

  ballet: The Lady of the Camellias as source material for, itr.1; Parisian society of 1840s and, 5.1

  Balzac, Honoré de, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1

  Banville, Théodore de, itr.1, 1.1

  Barbey d’Aurevilly, Jules

  Beaconsfield, Lord

  “Beatrice Palmato” (Wharton)

  Beauvoir, Roger de, itr.1, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1

  berceau, Le (Viennne)

  Berlioz, Hector, 5.1, 7.1

  Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, Jacques-Henri

  Bernhardt, Sarah, itr.1, itr.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

  Berry, Duchess de, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1

  Blessington, Lady, 4.1, 4.2, nts.1n

  Bloody February (1848)

  Boisard, Agathe and Jean-François (cousins), 1.1, 1.2

  Boisard, Roch (cousin), 1.1, 5.1

  Bois de Boulogne, as gathering spot

  Bolognini, Mauro, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2

  Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon, itr.1, app1.1

  Bordeaux, Henri, Duke of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1

  Bouffé, Marie, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, app1.1

  Bougival, Marie and Perregaux’s home in, 5.1, 5.2, nts.1n

  Cabanes, C., 6.1, 7.1

  Café de Paris, 4.1, 5.1; Le Souper des Douze at, 5.2, 6.1

  Callas, Maria

  camellias: Marie’s association with, 5.1, nts.1n; as status symbol, 5.2

  Camille (1921 movie), itr.1, nts.1n

  Camille (1936 movie)

  Camille (American production of play The Lady of the Camellias)

  cancan (or cachucha), 2.1, 2.2

  Carmen (Bizet)

  Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, Princess

  Castellane, Count Pierre de, n

  Chanel, Coco

  Chaplin, Charles (artist), 7.1, nts.1n

  Charles X

  Chartreuse, La (Paris)

  Chomel, Auguste-François

  Claudin, Gustave, 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  Clotilde (maid), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8

  colporteur, Le (Maupassant)

  Conrad, Peter

  Consumptives and Great Lovers (Cabanes)

  Contades, Henri de, 6.1, nts1.1

  Corsaire, Le

  Courrier de Paris

  courtesans (demimonde), 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3; after beauty and youth had faded, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Cukor, George

  dame à la licorne, La

  dancing, at public balls

  Daremberg, Georges

  Davaine, Casimir, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Degas, Edgar

  Déjazet, Eugène, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, app1.1

  Déjazet, Virginie, 6.1, 7.1

  Delacroix, Eugène, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1

  Delessert, Edouard, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, app1.1

  Delessert, Valentine

  Delisle (Perregaux’s guardian)

  Delvau, Alfred, 4.1, 7.1

  demimonde. See courtesans

  Denis, M and Mme (innkeepers)

  Descours, Louis (grandfather)

  Descours, Marin (great-grandfather), 1.1

  Deshayes, Etienne

  Deshayes, Françoise Leriche (grandmother)

  Deshayes, Julie (aunt and godmother)

  Deshayes, Louis (grandfather), 1.1, 1.2, 7.1

  Devéria, Achille, 2.1, 5.1

  Dezoutter (hairdresser)

  Dickens, Charles, itr.1, 6.1, app1.1, app1.2

  Didier, Alexis

  Disraeli, Benjamin, 4.1, 4.2

  Doche, Eugénie, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3

  du Hays, Charles, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, nts1.1

  du Hays, Count and Countess, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6

  Duke de R (Marie/Alphonsine’s benefactor), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

  Dumas, Alexandre, fils, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, nts1.1, nts.1n; auction of Marie’s belongings and, app1.1, app1.2; compassionate nature of, 6.3; end of Marie’s affair with, 6.4, 6.5; father’s relationship with, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8; as journalist, 6.9; The Lady of the Camellias by, itr.5 (see also Lady of the Camellias, The); Marie’s association with camellias and, 5.2; Marie’s excursions outside of Paris with, 6.10; Marie’s first meeting with, 6.11, 6.12, nts.2n; Marie’s innate sensuality and, 6.13; Marie’s tuberculosis and, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16; Marseille sojourn of, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19; physical appearance of, 6.20, 6.21; Sins of Youth by, itr.6, 6.22, 6.23, 7.3

  Dumas, Alexandre, père, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, app1.1, app1.2, app1.3; Caribbean ancestry of, 6.4, 6.5; on Marguerite’s return to Paris in third act, 5.6; on Marie’s innate sensuality, 6.6; Marie’s interest in, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9; on Marie’s study of acting, 5.7; son’s relationship with, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12

  Duplessis, Marie (née Rose-Alphonsine Plessis): acting studied by, 5.1, 5.2; Alphonsine Plessis’s name changed to, 3.1, 4.1, nts.1n; ancestry of, 1.1; birth of, 1.2, 1.3; Bougival home of, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1, nts.2n; burial of, 7.2; camellia associated with, 5.5, nts.3n; child-hood of, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6; convalescing in Nonant after birth of her son, 1.7, 3.2; countess title of, 7.3; death of, itr.1, itr.2, 7.4; debts of, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11; early life of, 1.8, 1.9; English baroness’s offer and, 6.1, 6.2; first weeks in Paris of, 2.1; funeral of, 7.12; horses as passion of, 1.10, 1.11, 4.2, 5.6, 6.3, 6.4, 7.13, 7.14; innate sensuality of, 6.5; lavish Paris apartments of, 4.3, 6.6; library of, 4.4, 5.7, 5.8, 6.7, app1.1; Manon Lescaut as alter ego of, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12; marriage of Perregaux and, 5.13, 5.14, 7.15, 7.16; physical appearance and demeanor of, 1.12, 2.2, 2.3, 4.5, 4.6, 5.15, 5.16, 7.17, 7.18; piano playing of, 6.8, 7.19, 7.20, nts.4n; portraits of, 4.7, 5.17, 5.18, 6.9, 7.21, 7.22, 7.23, 7
.24, app1.2, nts.5n, nts.6n, nts.7n; posthumous auction of belongings of, 6.10, app1.3, app1.4; posthumous destruction of personal correspondence of, app1.5, nts1.1, nts1.2; pregnancy and childbearing of, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, nts.8n; religious feelings of, 7.25, 7.26; schooling of, 1.13; seduction and sex as youthful interests of, 1.14, 1.15; sent to Paris, 1.16, 2.4; sexual services first sold by, 1.17; as shopgirl in Paris, 2.5, 2.6, 3.6; soirées of, 7.27; stuffed green lizard of, 1.18, 7.28, app1.6, nts.9n, nts.10n; theater frequented by, 5.19, 5.20, 7.29; transformed into worldly and educated woman, 4.8, 4.9, 5.21; tuberculosis suffered by, 4.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 7.30, 7.31

  Duprez, Gilbert

  Duse, Eleonora

  Ernestine (Marie/Alphonsine’s girlfriend), 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1

  espionage

  Etienne (coachman), 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

  Fechter, Charles

  feminist, Dumas fils’s first use of term

  Fleury, M., 2.1, 3.1

  folie de grandeur, meaning of

  Fontaine, Clara

  Fonteyn, Margot, itr.1, itr.2, nts.1n

  Foreign Legion, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, app1.1

  Forster, John

  foyer de la danse, Le (Lami)

  Garbo, Greta, itr.1, itr.2

  Gautier, Théophile, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 7.1, app1.1; approached to write Marie’s story, app1.2; auction of Marie’s belongings and, app1.3, app1.4

  The General (Marie’s protector), 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  Girardin, Delphine de

  Girardin, Emile de

  Giselle

  Goncourts

  Gosse, Edmund

  Gramont, Duke de, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1

  Gramont, Elisabeth de

  Gramont, Ida, Duchess de, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, nts.1n

  Grande Chaumière, La, 2.1, 3.1

  Great Northern Railway, festivities for inauguration of

  grisettes: lorettes vs., 3.1, 3.2; use of term, 2.1

  Grisi, Carlotta, 5.1, 7.1

  Gros, Johannes, 7.1, nts1.1

  Guiche, Agénor, Duke de, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4; ancestry of, 4.3; childhood of, 4.4; Dumas’s characters related to, 4.5, app1.1; education of, 4.6; London sojourn of (1842), 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.1, 6.4; Marie’s correspondence with, 4.10, 4.11, 5.2, 5.3; Marie’s portrait given to, 6.5; Marie taken as mistress by, 3.1, 4.12; physical appearance of, 4.13; as playboy, 4.14, 5.4; in years after Marie’s death, app1.2

 

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