by Ross E. Dunn
Curtin, Philip D. Cross-Cultural Trade in World History. Cambridge, England, 1984.
Dodge, Bayard. Muslim Education in Medieval Times. Washington, D.C., 1962.
Encyclopaedia of Islam. 1st edn., 4 vols. Leiden, 1913–38.
Encyclopaedia of Islam. 2nd edn., 5 vols. Leiden, 1954; London, 1956–.
Goitein, S. D. A Mediterranean Society. 4 vols. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1967–83.
—— Studies in Islamic History and Institutions. Leiden, 1966.
Grousset, René. The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. New Brunswick, N.H., 1970.
Hazard, Harry W., and Setton, Kenneth M. (eds.). A History of the Crusades. 5 vols, of which 3 are published. Madison, Wis., vols. 1 and 2, 2nd edn., 1969; vol. 3, 1975.
Heyd, W. Histoire du commerce du Levant au moyen-âge. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1885–86; reprint edn., Leipzig, 1936.
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. “Hemispheric Interregional History as an Approach to World History.” Journal of World History 1 (1954): 715–23.
—— “The Interrelations of Societies in History.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 5 (1963): 227–50.
—— “The Role of Islam in World History.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 1 (1970): 99–123.
—— “The Unity of Later Islamic History.” Journal of World History 5 (1960): 879–914.
—— The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. 3 vols. Chicago, 1974.
Holt, P. M., Lambton, Ann K. S., and Lewis, Bernard. The Cambridge History of Islam. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1970.
Hourani, A. H., and Stern, S. M. The Islamic City. Oxford, 1970.
Howorth, Henry H. History of the Mongols. 3 vols. London, 1888.
Ibn Jubayr, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. The Travels of Ibn Jubayr. Translated by R. J. C. Broadhurst. London, 1952.
Ibn Khaldun. Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l’Afrique septentrionale. Translated by Baron de Slane. 4 vols. Paris, 1925–56.
—— The Muqaddimah. Translated and edited by Franz Rosenthal. 3 vols. Princeton, N.J., 1958; 2nd edn., 1967.
Julien, Charles-André. History of North Africa. Translated by John Petrie and edited by C. C. Stewart. New York, 1970.
Kwanten, Luc. Imperial Nomads: A History of Central Asia. Philadelphia, 1979.
Lattimore, Owen. Inner Asian Frontiers of China. Boston, 1940.
Levtzion, Nehemia. Conversion to Islam. New York, 1979.
McNeill, William H. The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community. Chicago, 1963.
Makdisi, George. The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh, 1981.
Marçais, Georges. La Berbèrie musulmane et l’orient au Moyen ge. Paris, 1946.
Miquel, André. La géographie humaine du monde musulman jusqu’au milieu du 11e siècle. 2 vols. Paris, 1975.
Moule, A. C., and Pelliot, Paul. Marco Polo: The Description of the World. 2 vols. London, 1938; reprint edn., New York, 1976.
Niane, D. T. (ed.). General History of Africa. Vol. 4: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1984.
Oliver, Roland (ed.). The Cambridge History of Africa. Multivol. Vol. 3: From c. 1050 to c. 1600. Cambridge, 1977–.
Olschki, Leonardo. Marco Polo’s Asia: An Introduction to his Description of the World Called Il Milione. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1960.
Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York, 1974.
Pelliot, Paul. Notes on Marco Polo. 2 vols. Reprint edn., Paris, 1959–63.
Pipes, Daniel. Slave Soldiers and Islam. New Haven, Conn., 1981.
Polo, Marco. The Book of Ser Marco Polo. Translated and edited by Henry Yule. 3rd edn., 2 vols. London, 1929.
Richard, J. “European Voyages in the Indian Ocean and the Caspian Sea (12th–15th Centuries).” Iran 6 (1968): 45–52.
Richards, D. S. (ed.). Islam and the Trade of Asia. Philadelphia, 1970.
Richards, J. F. (ed.). Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds. Durham, N.C., 1983.
Saunders, J. J. The History of the Mongol Conquests. London, 1971.
Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford, 1964.
Seymour, M. C. Mandeville’s Travels. Oxford, 1967.
Spuler, Bertold. History of the Mongols. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972.
—— The Mongols in History. Translated by G. Wheeler. New York, 1971.
—— The Muslim World. Vol. 2: The Mongol Period. Translated by F. R. C. Bagley. Leiden, 1960.
Terrasse, H. Histoire du Maroc. 2 vols. Casablanca, 1949–50.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford, 1971.
Tritton, A. S. Materials on Muslim Education in the Middle Ages. London, 1957.
Tuchman, Barbara W. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century. New York, 1978.
’Umari, Ibn Fadl Allah al-. L’Afrique moins l’Égypte (Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al amsar). Translated and edited by Maruice Gaudfroy-Demombynes. Paris, 1927.
Unger, Richard W. The Ship in the Medieval Economy. London, 1980.
Westermarck, Edward. Ritual and Belief in Morocco. 2 vols. London, 1926.
Chapter 1: Tangier
Brown, Kenneth L. People of Salé: Tradition and Change in a Moroccan City, 1830–1930. Cambridge, Mass., 1976.
Caille, J. “Les Marseillais à Ceuta au XIIIe siècle.” In Mélanges d’histoire et d’archéologie de l’occident musulman. Vol. 2: Hommage a Georges Marçais. Algiers, 1957, pp. 21–31.
Dufourcq, Charles-Emmanuel. “Berbèrie et Iberie médiévales: un problème de rupture.” Revue Historique 92 (1968): 293–324.
—— ‘La Question de Ceuta au XIIIe siècle.” Hespéris 41 (1955): 67–127.
—— L’Espagne catalane et le Maghrib aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Paris, 1966.
—— “Méditerranée et Maghreb du XIIIe au XVIe siècles.” Revue d’histoire et du Civilization du Maghreb 3 (1967): 75–87.
Eickelman, Dale F. Knowledge and Power in Morocco: The Education of a Twentieth Century Notable. Princeton, N.J., 1985.
Ibn Abi Zar. Roudh el-Kartas: Histoire des souverains du Maghreb et annales de la ville de Fez. Translated by Auguste Beaumier. Paris, 1860.
Krueger, Hilmar C. “Genoese Trade with Northwest Africa in the Twelfth Century.” Speculum 8 (1933): 377–95.
Lane, Frederic C. Venice, a Maritime Republic. Baltimore, 1973.
Latham, Derek. “Towns and Cities of Barbary — the Andalusian Influence.” Islamic Quarterly 16 (1972): 189–204.
Lévi-Provençal, E. “Un nouvel text d’histoire merinide: le Musnad d’Ibn Marzuk.” Hespéris 5 (1925): 1–82.
Lewis, Archibald R. “Northern European Sea Power and the Straits of Gibraltar, 1031–1350 A.D.” In Order and Innovation in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honor of Joseph R. Strayer. Edited by William C. Jordan. Princeton, N.J., 1976, pp. 139–62.
Mackeen, A. M. “The Early History of Sufism in the Maghrib Prior to al-Shadhili.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 91 (1971): 398–408.
Mascarello, Anna. “Quelques aspects des activités italiennes dans le Maghreb médiéval.” Revue d’histoire et de Civilisation du Maghreb 5 (1968): 63–75.
Mas Latrie, Louis de. Traités de paix et de commerce et documents divers concernant les relations des Chrétiens avec les Arabes de l’Afrique septentrionale au moyen âge. Paris, 1866.
Michaux-Bellaire, Edouard. Villes et tribus du Maroc: Tanger et sa zone. Paris, 1921, vol. 7.
Nasiri, al-Slawi al-. “Kitab al-Istiqsa li-Akhbar duwal al-Maghrib al-Aksa.” Translated by Ismael Hamet. Archives Marocaines 23 (1934): 1–621.
Robson, J. A. “The Catalan Fleet and Moorish Sea-power (1337–1344).” English Historical Review 74 (1959): 386–408.
Salmon, George. “Essai sur l’histoire politique de Nord Marocain.” Archives Marocains 2 (1904): 1–100.
Thoden, Rudolf. Abu l-Hasan Ali: Merinidenpolitik zwischen Norda
frika und Spanien in den Jahren 710–52 AH/1310–52. Freiburg, 1973.
Chapter 2: The Maghrib
Brunschvig, Robert. La Berbèrie orientale sous les Hafsides des origines à la fin du XVe siècle. 2 vols. Paris, 1940 and 1947.
—— “Quelques remarques historiques sur les Médersas de Tunisie.” Revue Tunisienne 6 (1931): 261–85.
Canard, M. “Les relations entre les Merinides et Les Mamlouks au XIVe siècle.” Annales de l’Institut d’Études Orientales 5 (1939): 41–81.
Cherbonneau, A. “Notice et extraits du voyage d’El-Abdary à travers l’Afrique septentrionale au VIIe de l’Hégire.” Journal Asiatique, 5th ser., 4 (1854): 144–76.
Daoulatli, A. Tunis sous les Hafsides. Tunis, 1976.
Demeerseman, A. “Un type de lettré tunisien du XIVe siècle.” Revue de l’Institut des Belles Lettres Arabes 22 (1959): 261–86.
Dufourcq, Charles-Emannuel. “Les activités politiques et économiques des Catalans en Tunisie et en Algerie orientale du 1262 à 1377.” Bulletin de la real academia de buenas letras de Barcelona 19 (1947): 1–96.
Epalza, Miguel de, and Petit, Ramon. Recueil d’études sur les Moriscos andalous en Tunisie. Madrid, 1972.
Idris, H. R. “De la realité de la catastrophe hilalienne.” Annales, E.S.C. 23 (1968): 390–96.
Lacoste, Yves. Ibn Khaldoun: naissance de l’histoire passé du tiers-monde. Paris, 1966.
Latham, Derek. “Towards a Study of Andalusian Immigration and its Place in Tunisian History.” Les cahiers de Tunisie 5 (1957): 203–52.
Lawless, Richard I., and Blake, Gerald H. Tlemcen: Continuity and Change in an Algerian Islamic Town. London, 1976.
Poncet, J. “Le mythe de la ‘catastrophe’ hilalienne.” Annales, E.S.C. 22 (1967): 1099–120.
Soyous, A. E. Le Commerce des Européens à Tunis depuis le XIIe siècle jusqu’à la fin du XVIe siècle. Paris, 1929.
Talbi, Mohamed. “Les contacts culturels entre l’Ifriqiya hafside (1230–1569) et le sultanat nasride d’Espagne (1232–1492).” In Actas del II Coloquis hispano-tunecino de estudios historicos, pp. 63–90. Madrid, 1973.
Thomassy, Raymond. “Des caravanes de l’Afrique septentrionale.” Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, ser. 2, 20 (1843): 141–59.
Tijani, ’Abdallah al-. “Voyage du Scheikh et-Tidjani dans la Regence de Tunis.” Translated by A. Rousseau. Journal Asiatique, 4th ser., 20 (1852): 57–208; 5th ser., 1 (1853): 101–68.
Chapter 3: The Mamluks
Abu-Lughod, Janet. Cairo: 1001 Years of the City Victorious. Princeton, N.J., 1971.
Adams, William Y. Nubia: Corridor to Africa. Princeton, N.J., 1977.
’Ankawi, ’Abdullah. “The Pilgrimage to Mecca in Mamluk Times.” Arabian Studies 1 (1974): 146–70.
Ayalon, David. “Aspects of the Mamluk Phenomenon.” Der Islam. Part I, 53 (1976): 196–225; Part II, 54 (1977): 1–32.
—— “The European-Asiatic Steppe: A Major Reservoir of Power for the Islamic World.” Acts of the 25th Congress of Orientalists 2: 47–52. Moscow, 1960.
—— Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom. London, 1956.
—— The Muslim City and the Mamluk Military Aristocracy. Jerusalem, 1967.
Clerget, Marcel. La Caire: étude de géographie urbaine et d’histoire économique. 2 vols. Cairo, 1934.
Cougat, J. “Les routes d’Aidhab.” Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale 8 (1908): 135–43.
Creswell, K. A. C. The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, 2 vols. Oxford, 1952, (1959).
Darrag, Ahmad. L’Égypte sous le regne de Barsbay, 825–41/1422–38. Damascus, 1961.
Dodge, Bayard. Al-Azhar: A Millennium of Muslim Learning. Washington, D. C., 1961.
Dopp, P. H. “Le Caire vu par les voyageurs occidentaux du Moyen ge.” Bulletin de la Société Royale de Géographie d’Égypte 23 (1950): 117–49.
Dussaud, Rene. Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale. Paris, 1927.
Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. Le Syrie à l’époque des Mamelouks. Paris, 1923.
Gilbert, Joan E. “The ’Ulama of Medieval Damascus and the International World of Islamic Scholarship.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1977.
Grant, C. P. The Syrian Desert: Caravans, Travel and Exploration. London, 1937.
Hasan, Yusuf Fadl. The Arabs and the Sudan from the Seventh to the Early Sixteenth Centuries. Edinburgh, 1967.
Hitti, Philip K. History of Syria. 2nd edn. New York, 1957.
Humphreys, R. S. “The Emergence of the Mamluk Army.” Studia Islamica 45 (1977): 46 (1977): 147–82.
Jomier, Jacques. Le Mahmal et le caravane égyptienne des pélérins de la Mecque. Cairo, 1953.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Story of Cairo. London, 1902.
Lapidus, I. M. Muslim Cities in the Later Middle Ages. Cambridge, Mass., 1967.
Le Strange, Guy. Palestine under the Moslems. Beirut, 1965.
Maqrizi, al-. Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks de l’Égypte. Translated by M. Quatremere. Paris, 1937.
Marmardji, A. S. Textes géographiques arabes sur la Palestine. Paris, 1951.
Muir, William. The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 1260–1517. London, 1896.
Murray, G. W. “ ’Aidhab.” The Geographical Journal 68 (1926): 235–40.
Paul, A. A History of the Beja Tribes of the Sudan. Cambridge, England, 1954.
Petry, Carl F. The Civilian Elite of Cairo in the Later Middle Ages. Princeton, N. J., 1981.
Popper, William. Egypt and Syria under the Circassian Sultans, 1382–1486. Berkeley, 1955 and 1957.
Raymond, André, “La population du Caire de Maqrizi à la Description de l’Égypt.” Bulletin d’Études Orientales 28 (1975): 201–15.
Rogers, J. M. “Evidence for Mamluk–Mongol Relations, 1260–1360.” In Colloque international sur l’histoire du Caire. 1969, pp. 385–403.
Sauvaget, Jean. “Esquisse d’une histoire de la ville de Damas.” Revue des Études Islamiques 4 (1934): 421–80.
—— La poste aux chevaux dans l’empire des Mamelouks. Paris, 1941.
Semeonis, Symon. The Journey of Symon Semeonis from Ireland to the Holy Land. Translated and edited by Mario Esposito. Dublin, 1960.
Staffa, Susan Jane. Conquest and Fusion: The Social Evolution of Cairo, A.D. 642–1850. Leiden, 1977.
Suchem, Ludolph von. Ludolph von Suchem’s Description of the Holy Land and of the Way Thither. Translated by Aubrey Stewart. London, 1895.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. Islam in the Sudan. London, 1965.
Wiet, Gaston. Cairo: City of Art and Commerce. Norman, Okla., 1964.
—— “Les communications en Égypte au Moyen ge.” L’Égypte Contemporaine 24 (1933): 241–64.
Ziadeh, Nicloa A. Damascus under the Mamluks. Norman, Okla., 1964.
—— Urban Life in Syria under the Early Mamluks. Beirut, 1953.
Chapter 4: Mecca
Amin, Mohamed. Pilgrimage to Mecca. London, 1978.
Bey, Ali. The Travels of Ali Bey. 2 vols. Philadelphia, 1816.
Bidwell, Robin L. Travellers in Arabia. New York, 1976.
Burckhardt, John Lewis. Travels in Arabia. 2 vols. London, 1829; reprint edn., London, 1968.
Burton, Richard Francis. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah. 2 vols. Reprint edn., New York, 1964.
Frescobaldi, Gucci and Sigoli. Visit to the Holy Places of Egypt, Sinai, Palestine, and Syria in 1384. Translated and edited by Theophilus Bellorini and Eugene Hoade. Jerusalem, 1948.
Gaudefroy-Demombynes, M. Le Pélérinage à la Mekke. Paris, 1923.
Gaury, Gerald de. Rulers of Mecca. London, 1951.
Hogarth, D. C. Arabia. Oxford, 1922.
Hurgronje, C. Snouck. Mecca in the Latter Part of the Nineteenth Century. Translated by J. H. Monahan. Leiden, 1931.
Kamal, Ahmad. The Sacred Journey. London, 1961.
Long, David Edwin. The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Mekkah. Albany, Ne
w York.
Musil, Alois. Arabia Deserta, a Topographical Itinerary. New York, 1927.
—— The Northern Hegaz. New York, 1926.
Rutter, Eldon. The Holy Cities of Arabia. 2 vols. London, 1928.
Varthema, Ludovico di. The Travels of Ludovico di Varthema. Translated by John W. Jones. London, 1863.
Chapter 5: Persia and Iraq
Arberry, A. J. Shiraz. Norman, Okla., 1960.
Barthold, W. An Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek and edited with an introduction by C. E. Bosworth. Princeton, N. J., 1984.
Boyle, J. A. (ed.). Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge, England, 1968.
Browne, Edward G. A Literary History of Persia. 4 vols. Cambridge, England, 1929–30.
—— A Year amongst the Persians. London, 1893.
Bulliet, Richard W. The Patricians of Nishapur. Cambridge, Mass., 1972.
Dawson, Christopher. The Mongol Missions. London, 1955.
Juvaini. The History of the World Conqueror. Translated by John Andrew Boyle. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1958.
Lambton, A. K. S. Islamic Society in Persia. London, 1954.
—— Landlord and Peasant in Persia. London, 1953.
Le Strange, Guy. Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. Oxford, 1924.
—— The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge, England, 1905; 2nd edn., 1930; reprint edn., New York, 1966.
—— Mesopotamia and Persia under the Mongols in the Fourteenth Century A.D.: From the “Nuzhat al-Qulub” of Hamd Allah Mustaufi. London, 1903.
Lewis, Bernard. “The Mongols, the Turks and the Mulsim Polity.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. (1968): 49–68.
Minorsky, Vladimir. The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages. London, 1978.
Morgan, D. O. “The Mongol Armies in Persia.” Der Islam 56 (1979): 81–96.
Mustawfi, Hamd-Allah. The Geographical Part of the “Nuzhat al-Qulub.” Translated by G. Le Strange. Leiden, 1919.
—— Tarikh-i-Guzidah. Translated by M. J. Gantin. Paris, 1903.
Rashid al-Din. The Successors of Genghis Khan. Translated by John A. Boyle. New York, 1971.