8. Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 17.
9. Ibid, p. 56.
10. Ibid, p. 72.
11. Markham, Antarctic Obsession, p. 83.
12. Ibid, p. 102.
13. Ibid, p. 17.
14. Letter, Cambria Daily Leader, 13 February 1913.
15. Markham, Antarctic Obsession, p. 96.
16. Ibid, p. 88.
Chapter Four – ‘Childe Harold to the Dark Tower Came’
1. Hare to Pound, letter, 21 June 1965.
2. Lashly, Antarctic Diaries, p. 27, 10 February 1902.
3. Ibid, p. 35, 28 March 1902.
4. Quoted by Bernacchi, The Saga of Discovery, p. 47.
5. Ibid, p. 44.
6. Ibid, p. 71.
7. Wilson, letter to parents, quoted by Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 84.
8. Scott, The Voyage of Discovery, Vol. I, p. 312.
9. Ibid, p. 313.
10. Ford, quoted by Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 95.
Chapter Five – ‘Poor Old Schackleton’
1. Hare, letter to Pound, 21 June 1965.
2. Wilson, letter to parents quoted by Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 84.
3. Wilson, quoted by Seaver as above, p. 104.
4. Wilson, Diary of Discovery Expedition, p. 175.
5. Wilson, quoted by Seaver as above, p. 106.
6. Armitage, op. cit., p. 132.
7. Scott, The Voyage of Discovery, Vol. I, p. 544.
8. Shackleton, diary, 9 November 1902.
9. Ibid, 21 November 1902.
10. Armitage, memo to H.R. Mill, 24 May 1922.
11. Shackleton, diary, 25 December 1902.
12. Scott, letter to Daily Mail, 7 November 1904.
13. Wilson, quoted by Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 114.
14. Armitage, memo to H.R. Mill, 24 May 1922.
15. Barne, diary, 1 March 1903.
16. Doorly, The Voyage of the Morning, p. 110.
Chapter Six – ‘Little Human Insects’
1. Hodgson, Discovery Journal, 22 June 1903.
2. Skelton, Sledging Journal, 19 November 1903.
3. Wilson, Diary of the Discovery Expedition, p. 332.
4. Colbeck, quoted by Savours, The Voyage of Discovery, p. 97
Chapter Seven – The Reluctant Celebrity
1. Markham, address to Royal Geographical Society’s and Royal Society’s welcome luncheon, 16 September 1904.
2. Wharton, comment on Scott’s initial report to the Admiralty, 13 May 1904.
3. Scott, speech to the welcome luncheon, 16 September 1904.
4. Scott, letter to mother, September 1905.
5. Scott, letter to H.R. Mill, 1904.
6. Scott, speech at the Royal Geographical Society on receiving the Gold Medal of the American Geographical Society, April 1906.
7. Barrie, introduction to Scott’s Last Expedition, p. xii. (1927 edition).
8. Shackleton, letter to Scott, 17 May 1907.
9. Scott, letter to Shackleton, handwritten on 8. above, and quoted as being among Shackleton family papers by M. and J. Fisher in Shackleton.
Chapter Eight – ‘Captain Scott in Love’
1. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 8 November 1907.
2. Quoted by Seaver, Scott of the Antarctic, p. 13.
3. Bernacchi, op. cit., p. 114.
4. ‘Podge’ (Kathleen Bruce’s sister), undated note in pencil to Kathleen recalling their childhood.
5. Lees-Milne, quoted in Young, A Great Task of Happiness, p. 99–100.
6. ‘Podge’, undated note to Kathleen, as at 4 above.
7. Ibid.
8. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 25 July 1908.
9. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, November 1907.
10. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, early 1908.
11. Scott, letter to Wilson, undated.
12. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 11 May 1908.
13. Lord Kennet, introduction to Self-Portrait of an Artist, p. 11.
14. Bruce, Kathleen, letter to Scott, 4 January 1908.
15. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 5 January 1908.
16. Bruce, Kathleen, letter to Scott, quoted in Young, op. cit., p. 89.
17. Bruce, Rosslyn, (Kathleen’s brother), to Rachel Gurney (his fiancée) quoted by Young, op. cit., p. 89.
18. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 14 May 1908.
19. Exchange of correspondence recorded in Lady Kennet’s Self-Portrait of an Artist, p. 85.
20. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 26 May 1908.
21. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 3 June 1908.
22. Bruce, Kathleen, letter to Scott, quoted by Louisa Young, op. cit., p. 98.
23. Gran, quoted by Huntford, Scott and Amundsen from an interview with the author, p. 278.
24. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 27 July 1908.
25. Scott, letter to Rosslyn Bruce, quoted by Anderson, The Last of the Eccentrics, p. 185.
26. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 18 August 1908.
27. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 27 August 1908.
28. Bruce, Rosslyn, letter to Rachel Gurney quoted in Anderson, op. cit., p. 184.
29. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 28 July 1908.
30. Sir Lewis Beaumont, quoted by Gwynn, op. cit., p. 131.
31. Scott, letter to Kathleen Bruce, 11 May 1908.
32. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, quoted by Young, op. cit., p. 104.
33. Letters: Kathleen Bruce to Scott, 12 November 1908; Scott to Kathleen Scott, 17 January 1909 and 17 March 1909; Kathleen Scott to Scott, 13 March 1909 and Scott to Kathleen, 25 November 1908.
34. Related by Dr Atkinson, memorandum from papers of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13.
35. Scott, speech at dinner given by Savage Club in honour of Shackleton, 18 June 1909.
36. Scott, letter to Shackleton, 1 July 1909.
Chapter Nine – A Matter of Honour
The main source for Oates’s early life, in addition to his letters to his mother is material published in Captain Oates by S. Limb and P. Cordingley. The main source for the youthful Bowers, in addition to his family letters, is G. Seaver’s biography Birdie Bowers of the Antarctic.
1. Wilson, quoted in Seaver’s Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 190.
2. Skelton, letter to Scott, 7 April 1910.
3. Halstead Gazette, 18 March 1977, quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, Captain Oates, p. 21.
4. Oates, letter to his mother, 2 May 1899.
5. Scott, diary, 22 October 1911, omitted from published version.
6. Oates, letter to his mother, 8 January 1901.
7. Oates, letter to his mother, 25 January 1901.
8. James, quoted by Cecil, Life in Edwardian England, p. 6.
9. Army and Navy Gazette, 22 February 1913.
10. Quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, op. cit., p. 91.
11. Oates, letter to his mother, 21 January 1910.
12. Oates, letter to his mother, 12 March 1910.
13. Evans (Teddy), article in the Strand Magazine, ‘Captain Oates – My Recollection of a Gallant Comrade’, 1913.
14. Amundsen, The South Pole, Vol. I, p. 57.
15. Quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, op. cit., p. 95.
16. Debenham, The Quiet Land, p. 126.
17. Bowers, letter to his mother, 28 August 1910.
18. Bowers and The Watchtower, letter of 7 April 1909; Bowers’s comments on Church of England, letter of 23 April 1909; Bowers on spiders, letter 19 April 1910; Bowers’s own letter to Eskimos quoted by Seaver, Birdie Bowers of the Antarctic, p. 10.
19. Ibid, p. 49.
20. Ibid, p. 72.
21. Bowers, letter to his sister, 17 July 1907.
22. Bowers’s letter on Indian self-government, 27 June 1907; Bowers’s letters on French, 2 June 1907 and 19 April 1910 and on the lure of the Southern Continent, 6 September 1907.
; 23. Bowers, letter to his sister, 14 November 1907.
24. Bowers, letter to mother, 9 April 1910.
25. Evans, (Teddy), South with Scott, p. 8.
26. Scott, letter to Edgar Evans, quoted by Gregor, Swansea’s Antarctic Explorer, p. 30.
27. Cherry-Garrard, the memorable opening sentence in his introduction to The Worst Journey in the World.
28. Wilson, letter to Cherry-Garrard, 25 April 1910.
29. Wright, C., Silas, The Antarctic Diaries and Memoir of Charles S. Wright, 10 October 1910.
30. Ibid.
31. Debenham, op. cit., p. 109.
32. Oates, diary quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, op. cit., p. 100.
33. Quoted by Young, op. cit., pp. 109–110.
34. Meares, letter to his father.
35. Ponting, The Great White South, p. 2.
36. Quoted by Young, op. cit., p. 265.
37. Scott, letters to Kathleen Scott – that on his love for her is quoted by Gwynn, ‘Captain Scott’, p. 161 and is dated Valentine’s Day, 14 February 1910 and that on his socks is dated 1 February 1910.
38. Quoted by Cecil, op. cit., p. 35.
39. Scott, letter to his agent Joseph Kinsey, 22 January 1910.
40. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, October 1911.
41. Daily Mail, 12 February 1910.
42. Wilson, Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic, 22 June 1910.
43. Gran, op. cit., p. 85.
44. Wright, op. cit., 2 October 1910.
45. Scott, letter to the President of the Royal Geographical Society, 29 March 1910.
46. Quoted by Pound, Scott of the Antarctic, p. 187.
Chapter Ten – ‘Am Going South, Amundsen’
1. Bowers, letter to mother, 31 July 1910.
2. Cherry-Garrard, op. cit., p. 4.
3. Wright, op. cit., 2 October 1910.
4. Simpson, Antarctic Journals, 14 August 1910.
5. Wilson, letter to Scott, 25 June 1910.
6. Oates, letter to mother, 14 August 1910.
7. Ibid.
8. Bowers, letter to his sister, 1 September 1910.
9. Wright, op. cit., 2 October 1910.
10. Amundsen, op. cit., Vo. I, p. 42.
11. Ibid, p. 43.
12. Scott, quoted by Ludlum, Captain Scott – The Full Story, p. 151.
13. Bowers, letter to his sister, 28 November 1910.
14. Oates, quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, op. cit., p. 100.
15. Oates’s letter to mother, 28 November 1910. Bower’s letter, 17 November 1910.
16. Bowers’s letters to mother – on Mrs Evans, 7 December 1910 and on Mrs Scott, 11 September 1910 and 28 November 1910.
17. Oates, letter to mother, 23 November 1910.
Chapter Eleven – Stewed Penguin Breast and Plum Pudding
1. Bowers, letter to sister describing the storm, December 1910.
2. Evans (Teddy), Strand Magazine, 1913.
3. Bowers, letter to sister describing the storm, December 1910.
4. Evans, (Edgar), letter to mother, 3 January 1911.
5. Bowers, letter to sister describing the storm, December 1910.
6. Cherry-Garrard, diary, 24 December 1910.
7. Oates, letter to mother, 22 January 1911.
8. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 92.
9. Bruce, Wilfred, quoted by Pound, op. cit., p. 221.
10. Scott, letter to mother, 25 January 1911.
11. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, 12 January 1911.
12. Revealing exchange between Oates and Scott, as told by Gran to Huntford who quotes it in Scott and Amundsen, p. 367.
13. Bruce, Wilfred, letter to Kathleen Scott, quoted by Anderson, op. cit., p. 203.
14. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 147.
15. Ibid.
16. Evans, (Teddy), Strand Magazine, 1913.
17. Quoted by Seaver, Edward Wilson of the Antarctic from a discussion between the author and Debenham, p. 230.
18. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, 28 December 1910.
Chapter Twelve – Winter
Unless indicated otherwise, Cherry-Garrard’s description of the Winter Journey contained in The Worst Journey in the World is the source for the account of the extraordinary expedition to Cape Crozier.
1. Debenham, letter to mother, 14 November 1911, quoted by Debenham, op. cit., p. 125.
2. Amundsen quoted by S. Solomon, op.cit., p. 134.
3. Wilson, letter to wife, quoted by Seaver in his forward to The Worst Journey in the World, p. lxiv.
4. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 240.
5. Wilson, letter to wife, quoted by Seaver as at 2. above.
6. Bowers, letter to sister describing the Winter Journey, October 1911.
7. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, p. 362.
Chapter Thirteen – ‘Miserable, Utterly Miserable’
1. Bowers, letter to Kathleen Scott, 27 October 1911.
2. Scott, letter to Kinsey, 28 October 1911.
3. Oates, letter to mother, 24 October 1911.
4. Ponting, quoted by Seaver in Scott of the Antarctic from a conversation with the author, p. 140.
5. Oates, diary quoted by S. Limb and P. Cordingley, op. cit., p. 136.
6. Oates, letter to mother, 24 October 1911.
7. Oates, letter to mother, 28 October 1911.
8. Debenham, letter to mother, 14 November 1911, quoted op. cit., p. 125.
9. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, October 1911.
10. Scott, letter to mother, October 1911.
11. Scott, letter to Mrs (Edgar) Evans, 28 October 1911.
12. Scott, letter to Bowers’s mother, October 1911.
13. Gran, quoted by Huntford in Scott and Amundsen on basis of author’s interview with Gran in November 1973, p. 422.
14. Evans, (Teddy), South with Scott, p. 71.
15. Lashly, quoted by Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 322.
16. New Zealand Antarctic Record, 1985.
17. Evans, (Teddy), Strand Magazine, 1913.
18. Ibid.
19. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 63.
20. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, 10 December 1911.
21. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, October 1911.
22. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol II, p. 122.
23. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 59.
24. Lashly, quoted by Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 387.
25. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, 21 December 1911.
Chapter Fourteen – ‘What Castles One Builds’
1. Wilson, letter to wife, 21 December 1911, quoted by Seaver in Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. 274.
2. Lashly, quoted by Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 386.
3. Bowers, quoted by Teddy Evans in South with Scott, p. 203.
4. Mear and Swan, In the Footsteps of Scott, p. 199.
5. Gran, op. cit., p. 200.
6. Cherry-Garrard, diary, 4 April 1912.
7. Oates, letter to mother, 25 October 1911.
8. Oates, letter to mother, 3 and 4 January 1912.
9. Cherry-Garrard, diary, 4 December 1912.
10. Cherry-Garrard, introduction to Seaver’s Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. xv.
11. Scott, letter to Kathleen Scott, 3 January 1912.
12. Cherry-Garrard, introduction to Seaver’s Edward Wilson of the Antarctic, p. xxvii.
13. Fiennes, R., To the Ends of the Earth, p. 255.
14. Huntford, Scott and Amundsen, p. 545. See also an exchange of articles in Encounter between Huntford and Wayland Young (Lord Kennet) in 1980 and Louisa Young’s A Great Task of Happiness, p. 141.
15. Young, op. cit., p. 141.
16. Bowers, letter to mother, 17 December 1912.
17. Oates, quoted by Limb and Cordingley, op. cit., 18 January 1912.
18. Amundsen, sledging diary, quoted by Huntf
ord, Scott and Amundsen, p. 484, 11 December 1911.
19. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 546.
Chapter Fifteen – ‘God Help Us’
1. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 547.
2. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 135.
3. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 549.
4. Stroud, British Medical Journal, 1986, pp. 1652–1653.
5. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 136.
6. Mear and Swan, op. cit., p. 34 quoting Walton and Bonner Key Environment Antarctica.
7. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 569.
8. Amundsen, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 138.
9. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 571.
10. Evans, (Edgar), letter to wife, 14 February 1913, quoted by South Wales Daily Post.
Chapter Sixteen – ‘Had We Lived’
1. Pound, op. cit., p. 290.
2. Shackleton, The Heart of the Antartic, Vol. I, p. 363.
3. Introduction to Wilson’s Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic, p. xx.
4. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 587.
5. Ibid.
6. Scott, Scott’s Last Expedition, Vol. I, p. 593.
7. Wilson, letter to wife, late March 1912.
8. Bowers, letter to mother, late March 1912.
9. Anderson, op. cit., p. 207.
Chapter Seventeen – ‘We Have Got To Face It Now’
Following their return from Antarctica, Cherry-Garrard asked Lashly for his recollections of the expedition and for any diaries he had kept. Cherry-Garrard subsequently incorporated Lashly’s vivid accounts into The Worst Journey in the World and, unless stated otherwise, all quotations from Lashly in this chapter come from Cherry-Garrard’s book.
1. Lashly, quoted by Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 404.
2. Evans, (Teddy), quoted by Pound, Evans of the Broke, from an unpublished manuscript, p. 116.
3. Gran, op. cit., p. 177.
4. Ibid., p. 182.
5. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 497.
6. Gran, quoted in introduction to Wilson’s Diary of the Terra Nova Expedition to the Antarctic, p. xxi.
7. Gran, op. cit., p. 216.
8. Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, p. 498.
9. Atkinson, quoted by Teddy Evans, South with Scott, p. 254.
Chapter Eighteen – The Reason Why
1. Scott, Kathleen, quoted in Polarboken, 1978; 55–86 (A.G.E. Jones – ‘Scott’s Transport’).
2. Amundsen, quoted by Thomas, op. cit., p. 233.
3. The detailed results of Susan Solomon’s research on climate are published in her book, The Coldest March) (cf. p. 178 and pp. 286–306 in particular), and in her National Academy of Sciences paper written with Charles Stearn. In a private communication with this author of September 2009, she confirmed that ‘every year I look at the data and the picture hasn’t really changed. The data continues to show how unusual their year was’.
A First Rate Tragedy Page 32