Hitler's Rockets: The Story of the V-2s
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Detailed references
I The Beginning (pages 15—22)
On the early history of the rocket, see Jones, ‘Future’, p. 11, and von Braun, pp. 24—37. The ‘red glare’ verse is from Francis Scott Key, The Bombardment of Fort McHenry (1814). On the Paris Gun, see Cruttwell, p. 531, and Dornberger, p. 55. On early German researchers, see Dornberger, p. 32; on his own early life, see Irving, p. 16; on von Braun’s, Dornberger, p. 39. On Dornberger’s plans for the rocket motor, see p. 32; on Reidel, pp. 37—9; on Kummersdorf, p. 33; on the 1932 test, p. 35 and pp. 37—8. On German politics at this time, see Cross, pp. 208—209, and Bullock, pp. 322—4. Dornberger, p. 42, describes the 1934 test and ‘early years of our activity’, pp. 47—8 the ‘secret experiments’ correspondence, pp. 43—4 the dimensions of the A-1, pp. 44—5 the gyroscope problems and p. 46 contains the ‘beginning’ quotation. See also Smith and Kay, p. 646, on the research in general.
2 Towards Perfection (pages 23—37)
On German foreign policy, see Bullock, p. 333; on the search for a new research site, Dornberger, pp. 48—50; on the prevailing exchange rate, Whitaker’s, p. 202; on the Paris Gun and the ‘military requirements’ for the rocket, Dornberger, p. 56, on Thiel, p. 60, on the ‘young man’ at Peenemünde (in fact Dr Steinhoff), p. 28, on the Greifswalder Oie test, pp. 51—63, on the A-5, p. 75, on Hitler, pp. 71—3, on the first Peenemünde test of the A-5, pp. 66-9; on Peenemünde in general, Smith and Kay, pp. 646-50; on von Brauchitsch’s help, Dornberger, p. 74; on the A-4 test and the ’perfection’ quotation, Dornberger, pp. 17—28.
3 Taking It Seriously (pages 38—47)
‘The Hitler Waffe’ report was supplied to me privately but is quoted by Jones, pp. 65—6, who describes his own career on p. 10 and p. 28 and refers to ‘analphabet’ agents on p. 21. On Oberth, see Irving, p. 33; on Lindemann’s family feud and ‘authentic passions’, see Birkenhead, pp. 335—6; on his ‘erroneous assumptions’, Jones, p. 10; on his refusal to make peace with Tizard, Jones, p. 83; on his ‘gleeful sneer’, Snow, p. 13. Lord Boothby is the former minister quoted. On his own work for SIS see Jones, p. 167, on his memo to his superior and the resulting recruits, pp. 322—6, on his own assistant, pp. 37—8, 51 and 144. Irving, pp. 33—4, and Jones, p. 322, give slightly different accounts of the reports from Stockholm. I have followed the latter. On von Thoma, Irving, p. 35, and Jones, pp. 332—3, are agreed. The ‘agents could be briefed’ quotation is on p. 336. On War Office reaction and the two memoes quoted, see Irving, pp. 36-8.
4 A Decisive Weapon of War (pages 48—62)
Dornberger, pp. 75—6, describes his ‘begging expeditions’, and pp. 79—82 his reaction to Degenkolb and Saur, on whom see also Irving, p. 136. On the production programme, see Irving, p. 26, and Dornberger, pp. 83, 90—91, 98—9. The valuation of Peenemünde is on p. 85, Degenkolb’s ‘plot’ on p. 100, Hitler’s dream on pp. 93 and 196 and in Irving, pp. 26-7. On VIP visits and the soap in the washroom, see Irving, pp. 56—8; on rivalry with the V-1 my book The Doodlebugs, pp. 26—8 and 41, and Dornberger, pp. 95—9. The Zoo conference is described by Dornberger, pp. 111—13, and its results by Irving, p. 29. On Himmler and the Gestapo, see Dornberger, pp. 172—9, 185—6 and 197, on the visit to Hitler, pp. 101—107 and Speer, pp. 496—7. On the interference with flying-bomb manufacture, see Irving, pp. 87—8 and 93—4, and Smith and Kay, p. 751. Dornberger, p. 110, describes Peenemünde from the air, p. 143 the heroic cameraman, p. 145 his office.
5 A Distinctly Unpleasant Prospect (pages 63—80)
On the War Office paper and Duncan Sandys’s appointment, see Irving, pp. 37-44, and Jones, p. 335. Cherwell’s memo of 20 April 1943 is in PREM 3/110, Brookes, pp. 193—4, mentions the ‘outsize firework’; Constance Babington Smith, p. 203, the study of the resulting photographs; Jones, p. 328, his meeting with the PRU pilots; PERM 3/110 contains Sandys’s first report, reference COS (43) 259 (0). On ‘Captain C.’, see Irving, pp. 46, 53 and 61, on the neglected British experts, pp. 55—6; on Cherwell’s note of 11 June 1943 and Cripps’s of 16 June, PREM 3/110. Jones, pp. 340—3, and the caption to Plate 19b in his book, Constance Babington Smith, p. 205, Brookes, p. 194, and Irving, p. 67, describe the discovery of the rocket. The paper of 27 June is COS (43) 342 (0) and Sandys’s report of 28 June COS (43) 349 (0), both in PREM 3/110. On Findlater Stewart I consulted Who’s Who. Jones, pp. 343—6, describes the meeting of 29 June 1943, and private information from him supplemented the official minutes which are in CAB 69/5 Defence Committee (Operations). Irving, pp. 79—82, quotes the reports from agents and Cherwell’s memo of 29 July. Morrison’s memos are folios 396 and 374 in PREM 3/110 and Sandys’s fourth report is COS (43) 369 (0).
6 Poor Peenemünde (pages 81—91)
The ‘rocket meeting’ conclusion is on p. 41 (f) of CAB 69/5; on plans for Operation Hydra (as
defined by Chambers’ Dictionary, 1973 edition), see Irving, p. 80; on the petrol allocation clue, Jones, p. 348; on the raid itself, including the air-gunner’s comment, my book The Bombers, pp. 276—7, Irving, pp. 99—119, Dornberger, pp. 151—64 (including ‘Poor Peenemünde’ on p. 163), Webster, vol. II, p. 159, PREM 3/110, folio 331 – the Air Ministry telegram – folio 346, COS (43) 481 (0), Sandys’s tenth report, and Churchill, vol. V, p. 208. On Friedrichshafen, see Webster, vol. II, p. 188 and p. 293 (footnote), and Jones, pp. 230 and 304. His ‘two months’ estimate is on p. 346. Irving, pp. 28—9 reports the saving of the blueprints, and p. 309 the raid on Wiener Neustadt.
7 Revenge Is Nigh (pages 92—112)
On Speer’s report, see Irving, pp. 122 and 124—3. On Blizna, see Jones, p. 430, Irving, p. 141, Garlinski, p. 114, and Dornberger, pp. 203—204. Irving, p. 122, describes Himmler’s involvement and pp. 135—6 the Bombardment Commission; Speer, p. 314, and Dornberger, pp. 199—200, the latter’s appointment. On Nordhausen, see Irving, pp. 123, 143—5 and 166—7 and the caption to the picture facing p. 160; Garlinski, pp. 107—10, on the prisoners’ initial conditions and duties; Speer, pp. 498—500, and Garlinski, pp. 111—12, on subsequent improvements. Speer, pp. 503—5, and Dornberger, pp. 187 and 199—200, describe Kammler, and Irving, pp. 122—3, his involvement in the A-4 programme. Dornberger’s ‘sheer momentum’ quote is on p. 211, his ‘troubles’, including the disastrous test of 5 November, on pp. 203—205, his hopes for rockets ‘that disintegrated’ on p. 212. Irving, p. 204, sets out the transport arrangements and firing plans and p. 28 describes the Watten site, on which see also Collier, Battle, p. 20. On Medmenham’s report, see Irving, p. 53; on MacAlpine’s advice, pp. 123—4; on Cherwell’s note, PREM 3/110; on the US raid, Roger Freeman, p. 72, and Dornberger, p. 169. On Dorsch’s plans for Wizernes, see Irving, p. 137, and Dornberger, pp. 169—70, which also testifies to Hitler’s ‘ghastly pallor’. The Führer’s private doubts are mentioned by Irving, p. 237. On Sottevast and Equeurdreville, see After the Battle, p. 28, Collier, Battle, p. 20, and Jones, p. 462. On the small sites, see Jones, pp. 432—3. The ‘hour of revenge’ quote is from Irving, p. 177; Collier, Battle, pp. 64—5, mentions HARKO; Dornberger, pp. 195—6, recalls his nightmare trip of March 1944 and p. 191 his later travels. Irving, pp. 146, 204 and 221, refers to ‘major difficulties’ and the first output from Nordhausen, pp. 237—8 to Cement and pp. 258—9 to Goebbels’s enthusiasm. Dornberger describes his feud with Kammler on pp. 200-201, and Irving, p. 259, mention’s Fromm’s arrest.