11 George, Werke, p. 258.
12 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 118.
13 Ibid., p. 117.
14 Ibid.
15 Boehringer, Mein Bild von Stefan George, p. 202.
16 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 128.
17 Pfizer, Die Brüder Stauffenberg, p. 490.
18 This information was first published in H. Foertsch, Schuld und Verhängnis, Stuttgart, 1951, p. 22. It is discussed critically by Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 37-40 and p. 191, n.2-6; Hoffmann, Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg und seine Brüder, p. 123 and at considerable length on pp. 307-9, n.115.
19 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 41.
20 Ibid.
21 Zeller, op. cit., p. 184.
22 Herwarth, Against Two Evils, p. 216.
23 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 42.
24 Grunberger, op. cit., p. 424.
25 Craig, op. cit., p. 589.
26 Ibid., p. 590.
27 Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, p. 283.
28 Interview with Axel von dem Bussche, Bonn, 6-7 December 1992.
29 Interview with Ewald Heinrich von Kleist, Munich, 15 October 1992.
30 Interview with Axel von dem Bussche, Bonn, 6-7 December 1992.
31 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 121.
32 Ibid., p. 132; Kramarz, op. cit., p. 41.
33 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 44.
7 The Path of Aggression
1 Kramarz, Stauffenberg, pp. 45-6.
2 Ibid., p. 46.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., p. 47.
5 Ibid., p. 48.
6 Zeller, The Flame of Freedom, p. 175.
7 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 48.
8 Ibid.
9 Zeller, op. cit., p. 178.
10 Ibid., p. 177.
11 Ibid.
12 Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 50-1.
13 Ibid., p. 51.
14 J. Kramarz, Claus Graf Stauffenberg, German edition: Frankfurt, 1965, p. 58.
15 Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 54-5.
16 Meehan, The Unnecessary War, p. 115.
17 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 59.
18 Gisevius, To the Bitter End, p. 334.
19 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 58.
20 Zeller, op. cit., p. 186.
21 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 61.
22 Mann, Doctor Faustus, p. 291.
23 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 57.
24 Ibid.
25 Hitler had ordered mass killings. He informed the High Command of this at a meeting at the Berghof, 22 August 1939. He said:
‘Our strength lies in our quickness and in our brutality; Genghis Khan has sent millions of women and children into death knowingly and with a light heart. History sees in him only the great founder of States. As to what the weak Western European civilisation asserts about me, that is of no account. I have given the command and I shall shoot everyone who utters one word of criticism, for the goal to be obtained in the war is not that of reaching certain lines but of physically demolishing the opponent. And so for the present only in the East I have put my death-head formations in place with the command relentlessly and without compassion to send into death many women and children of Polish origin and language. Only thus can we gain the living space that we need ... Be hard, be without mercy, act more quickly and brutally than the others. The citizens of Western Europe must tremble with horror.’
Following this speech, Goering, enthused, ‘jumped on a table . . . [and] danced like a wild man’. See: Documents on British Foreign Policy, 3rd Series, Vol. VII, pp. 258-9.
26 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 61.
27 Ibid., p. 72.
28 Ibid.
8 Operation Barbarossa
1 Kramarz, Stauffenberg, p. 75.
2 Herwarth, Against Two Evils, p. 217.
3 Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 74-5.
4 Zeller, The Flame of Freedom, p. 187.
5 Ibid.
6 Herwarth, op. cit., p. 210.
7 Van Roon, German Resistance to Hitler, p. 269.
8 Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 66-7.
9 Herwarth, op. cit., pp. 215-16.
10 Kramarz, op. cit., pp. 67-8.
11 Ibid. p. 69.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., p. 73.
14 Ibid., p. 74.
15 Schlabrendorff, The Secret War against Hitler, pp. 245-8.
16 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 78.
17 Parker, Struggle for Survival, p. 267.
18 Ibid.
19 Zeller, op. cit., p. 188.
20 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 91.
21 Ibid.
22 Hoffmann, Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg und seine Brüder, p. 251.
23 Hitler, Table Talk 1941-1944, p. 617, 6 August 1942.
24 Herwarth, op. cit., p. 216.
25 Goebbels, The Goebbels Diaries, p. 135, 25 April 1942.
26 Ibid., p. 169, 22 May 1942.
27 Ibid., p. 254, 14 April 1943.
28 The history of these organisations is given in Andreyev, Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement.
29 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 83.
30 Herwarth, op. cit., p. 221.
31 Ibid., p. 216.
32 Zeller, op. cit., p. 181.
33 Graber, Stauffenberg, p. 105.
34 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 96.
35 Ibid., pp. 92-3.
36 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 268.
37 Zeller, op. cit., pp. 189-90.
38 Ibid., p. 190.
39 Kramarz, op. cit., p. 97.
40 Zeller, op. cit., p.191.
41 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 259.
9 After the War of Liberation
1 Koch, A History of Prussia, p. 196.
2 Introduction by R. J. Hollingdale to Fontane, Before the Storm, p. xx.
3 Wykes, Himmler, pp. 121-2.
10 Culture and Conquest
1 Goethe, Conversations and Encounters, p. 92.
2 Ibid., pp. 92-3.
3 Heine, ‘Concerning the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany’ in Selected Works, p. 417.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., pp. 417-18.
6 Ibid., p. 418.
7 Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology, p. 15.
8 Ibid.
9 Mosse, Toward the Final Solution, p. 47.
10 Copleston, Fichte to Nietzsche, p. 162.
11 Ibid., p. 220.
12 Ibid., p. 223.
13 Ibid., p. 220.
14 Ibid., p. 213.
15 Ibid., p. 218.
11 Myth and Might
1 Broch, The Sleepwalkers, p. 373.
2 Ibid., p. 647.
3 Jung, ‘The Role of the Unconscious’, in Civilisation in Transition (Collected Works, Vol. X), p. 13.
4 Jung, ‘Wotan’, op. cit., p. 184.
5 Brod, Heinrich Heine, p. 21.
6 Scholder, The Churches and the Third Reich, Vol. I, p. 417.
7 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 420.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 531.
10 Robertson, Christians against Hitler, p. 25.
11 Ibid., p. 18.
12 Rosenberg, The Myth of the Twentieth Century, p. 387.
13 Jung, Civilisation in Transition, p. 190, n.16.
14 Tournier, The Erl-King, p. 228.
15 For a discussion of the religious aspects of National Socialism see M. Baigent, R. Leigh and H. Lincoln, The Messianic Legacy, London, 1986, pp. 135ff.
16 Seward, The Monks of War, p. 135.
17 Heine, ‘Concerning the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany’, in Selected Works, p. 417.
18 Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology, p. 184.
19 Tournier, op. cit., p. 231.
20 Siemsen, Hitler Youth, p. 65.
21 Much of this information was given in the trial of Baldur von Schirach at Nuremberg, see: Trials of the Major War Criminals, Proceedings . . . Part 14, pp. 360-408, especially pp. 396-400; see also ibid., Part 15, pp. 1-30. The following song was sung by members of the Hitler Youth at the Party Rally, 1934:
We are the rollicking
Hitler Youth:
We have no need of Christian truth;
For Adolf Hitler is our Leader
And our Interceder.
No evil old priest these ties can sever;
We’re Hitler’s children now and ever.
This was presented as evidence for the prosecution. See ibid., Part 14, p. 397.
22 Bentine, The Door Marked Summer, p. 291.
23 Goodrick-Clarke, The Occult Roots of Nazism, p. 2.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., p. 195.
26 Ibid., p. 33.
27 For the Thule Gesellschaft see: Phelps, ‘Before Hitler Came’, Journal of Modern History, Vol. xxxv, 1963, pp. 251ff; and Goodrick-Clarke, op. cit., pp. 144ff.
28 A list of Thule members and sympathisers is given in Sebottendorf, Bevor Hitler Kam, pp. 221ff.
12 Legislators of the World
1 George, The Works of Stefan George, Marx and Morwitz, p. 363.
2 Ibid., p. 365.
3 Bennett, Stefan George, p. 12.
4 Goldsmith, Stefan George: A Study of his Early Work, p. 120.
5 George, op. cit., pp. 238-9.
6 Ibid., p. 338.
7 Hoffmann, Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg und seine Brüder, p. 65.
8 Ibid.
9 Landmann, Erinnerungen an Stefan George und seine Freundschaft mit Julius und Edith Landmann, p. 137.
10 Gay, Weimar Culture, p. 50.
11 George, op. cit., p. 378.
12 Ibid., p. 309.
13 Ibid., p. 302.
14 Ibid., p. 363.
15 Ibid., p. 257.
16 Ibid., p. 267.
17 Ibid., p. 318.
18 Ibid., p. 319.
19 Kantorowicz, Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite, Vorbemerkung.
20 An alternative translation of the words into English is: ‘It lives, our Secret Germany!’
21 Bowra, The Heritage of Symbolism, p. 140.
22 Reeves, Joachim of Fiore and the Prophetic Future, p. 62.
23 Interview with Hans-Dietrich Fühlendorf, Keil, 11 October 1992. For a discussion of this point, see his Rückkehr zum Paradies oder Erbauen des Neuen Jerusalem?, pp. 192-3.
24 Hoffmann, op. cit., p. 66.
25 George, op. cit., p. 219.
26 Gay, op. cit., p. 49.
27 Kramarz, Stauffenberg, p. 28.
28 Landmann, op. cit., p. 136.
29 George, op. cit., p. 326.
30 Mann, Letters, p. 96.
31 Zeller, The Flame of Freedom, p. 448, n. 14, quoting Spiegelbild einer Verschwörung, p. 455.
32 Zeller, op. cit., p. 395. For the complete oath see Hoffmann, op. cit., pp. 396-7.
33 George, op. cit., pp. 371-4.
34 Ibid., p. 398.
35 Ibid., p. 239.
36 Ibid., p. 322.
13 In the Courtyard of the Bendlerstrasse
1 Schlabrendorff, The Secret War Against Hitler, pp. 294-5.
2 Kramarz, Stauffenberg, p. 104.
3 Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, p. 147.
4 Musil, The Man Without Qualities, p. 46.
Bibliography
Andreyev, C. Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement (Cambridge, 1987)
Astor, D. ‘Why the Revolt against Hitler Was Ignored’, Encounter, vol. xxxii, No. 6 (June, 1969), pp. 3ff.
Balfour, M. Withstanding Hitler (London, 1988)
Bender, R. J. and Law, R. D. Uniforms, Organization and History of the Afrikakorps (Mountain View, 1973)
Bennett, E. K. Stefan George (Cambridge, 1954)
Bentine, M. The Door Marked Summer (St Albans, 1982)
Bielenberg, C. The Past Is Myself (London, 1970)
Boehringer, R. Mein Bild von Stefan George (München, 1951)
Bowra, C. M. The Heritage of Symbolism (London, 1947)
Broch, H. The Sleepwalkers, trans. Willa and Edwin Muir (London, 1986)
Brod, M., Heinrich Heine, trans. Joseph Witriol (London, 1956)
Bullock, A. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (London, 1952)
Carsten, F. L. A History of the Prussian Junkers (Aldershot, 1989)
Christiansen, E. The Northern Crusades (London, 1980)
Copleston, F. ‘Fichte to Nietzsche’. Volume VII of A History of Philosophy (London, 1971)
Craig, G. A. Germany 1866-1943 (Oxford, 1978)
Crankshaw, E. Bismarck (London, 1981)
Denslow, W. R. 10,000 Famous Freemasons, 4 vols (Richmond, 1961)
Deutsch, H. C. The Conspiracy against Hitler in the Twilight War (Minneapolis, 1968)
Deutsch, H. C. ‘German Soldiers in the 1938 Munich Crisis’ in Germans Against Nazism, ed. Francis R. Nicosia and Lawrence D. Stokes (Oxford, 1990)
Directory of Wheeled Vehicles of the Wehrmacht 1933-45, ed. Chris Ellis (London, 1974)
Dulles, A. W. Germany’s Underground (New York, 1947)
FitzGibbon, C. To Kill Hitler (London, 1972). First published as The Shirt of Nessus (London, 1956)
Fontane, T, Before the Storm, trans. R. J. Hollingdale, (Oxford, 1985)
Frey, A. Cross and Swastika, trans. J Strathearn McNab (London, 1938)
Fühlendorf, H-D. Rückkehr zum Paradies oder Erbauen des Neuen Jerusalem? (Flensburg, 1992)
Galante, P. Hitler Lives—and the Generals Die (London, 1982)
Secret Germany: Stauffenberg and the True Story of Operation Valkyrie Page 36