4. See Irving to Joseph Gratz, New York, 30 March 1808, Letters I, 254.
5. Irving to Richard McCall?, New York, 18 November 1808, Letters I, 258. See Letters I, 256n2. Other Irving scholars tend to agree the Irvings were involved in a bit of illicit trade.
6. Notes While Preparing Sketch Book &c, 1817, Journals II, 184n39.
7. Irving to Henry Brevoort, Skeenesborough, 9 May 1808, Letters I, 255–56.
8. Irving to Mrs. Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Albany, 2 June 1808, Letters I, 256–57.
9. PMI, 1:218–19.
10. STW, 1:398n14; PMI, 1:219.
11. Irving to Richard McCall?, New York, 18 November 1808, Letters I, 258.
12. Ibid., 260.
13. Ibid.
14. Irving to Mrs. Amelia Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 739. Emphasis in original; Irving to Brevoort, New York, 11 June 1808, Letters I, 257; Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 739.
15. PMI, 1:222–23.
16. Notes While Preparing Sketch Book &c, 195.
17. Ibid.
18. PMI, 1:221–22.
19. Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 740.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. PMI, 1:231; Notes While Preparing Sketch Book &c, 192.
26. Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 739.
27. “The Author's Apology,” 3.
28. Irving to Brevoort, Kinderhook, 11 May 1809, Letters I, 263–64.
29. Irving to Mrs. Hoffman, Kinderhook, 19 May 1809, Letters I, 265.
30. Irving to Sarah Irving, Kinderhook, 20 May 1809, Letters I, 267.
31. Irving to Brevoort, Kinderhook, 20 May 1809, Letters I, 268–69. Emphasis in original.
32. Irving to Mrs. Hoffman, [June? 1809], Letters I, 272; Irving to William P. Van Ness, New York, 24 June 1809, Letters I, 270. Emphasis in original.
33. Irving to Peter Irving, [New York, late summer 1809], Letters I, 273; PMI, 1:235–36.
34. Irving to Brevoort, Philadelphia, 23 October 1808, Letters I, 274. The newly added section detailed Peter Stuyvesant's journey up the Hudson.
35. A History of New York, 6; PMI, 1:234–35.
36. Ibid.
37. PMI, 1:235.
38. A History of New York, 6–7.
39. Ibid., 7.
40. A History of New York (1809 ed.), 527.
41. Ibid., 520, 515, 536.
42. Ibid., 507, 656–57.
43. Ibid., 435.
44. Ibid., 445.
45. Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 741.
46. Aderman, 35; PMI, 1:239.
47. PMI, 1:240; Charles Dickens to Irving, 1841, PMI, 3:165.
48. PMI 1:239.
49. Irving to Mrs. Hoffman, Albany, 26 February 1810, Letters I, 284; PMI, 1:247.
50. Michael Black, “Political Satire in Knickerbocker's History,” in The Knickerbocker Tradition: Washington Irving's New York, ed. Andrew B. Myers (Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, Inc., 1974), 79.
51. A History of New York, 5.
52. PMI, 1:243; Irving to Mrs. Hoffman, Johnstown, 12 February 1810, Letters I, 282.
53. Irving to John E. Hall, New York, 26 September 1810, Letters I, 290–91.
CHAPTER 5: ADRIFT
1. Irving to Mrs. Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Albany, 26 February 1810, Letters I, 284.
2. STW, 1:126.
3. Irving to Mrs. Amelia Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 741.
4. PMI, 1:253; Irving to John E. Hall, New York, 26 September 1810, Letters I, 291.
5. Irving to Henry Brevoort, New York, 22 September 1810, Letters I, 288–89.
6. Notebook of 1810, Journals II, 14–15.
7. Irving to Brevoort, City of Washington, 13 January 1811, Letters I, 296.
8. Ibid., 297.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Irving to Brevoort, Washington, 7 February 1811, Letters I, 300.
13. Ibid., 301.
14. Notebook 1818, Journals II, 262–63.
15. Irving to William Irving, Washington, D.C., 16 February 1811, Letters I, 306.
16. Ibid.
17. Irving to Brevoort, Washington, 5 March 1811, Letters I, 308.
18. PMI, 1:279–80.
19. Irving to Brevoort, New York, 8 June 1811, Letters I, 322.
20. Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 741.
21. Irving to James Renwick, New York, 10 September 1811, Letters I, 326–27.
22. Irving to William Irving Jr., [October? 1811], Letters I, 333.
23. Irving to Brevoort, New York, 8 June 1811, Letters I, 323.
24. Brevoort to Irving, Mackinac, 29 July 1811, LBI, 45.
25. Brevoort to Irving, Mackinac, 28 June 1811, LBI, 27.
26. Ibid., 30.
27. Ibid., 34.
28. Irving to Brevoort, New York, 17 March 1812, Letters I, 335.
29. Irving to Brevoort, New York, 8 July 1812, Letters I, 338–40.
30. Irving to Peter Irving, New York, 30 December 1812, Letters I, 350.
31. Irving to Renwick, Washington, 24 November 1812, Letters I, 343.
32. Irving to Renwick, Washington, 8 December 1812, Letters I, 347.
33. Irving to Renwick, Washington, 18 December 1812, Letters I, 350.
34. Ibid., 349.
35. Brevoort to Irving, Edinburgh, 9 December 1812, LBI, 64–65.
36. Irving, “Biography of Captain James Lawrence,” in Miscellaneous Writings I, 71.
37. PMI, 1:300.
38. Irving to Brevoort, New York, 2 January 1813, Letters I, 354; Brevoort to Irving, Edinburgh, 1 March 1813, LBI, 72.
39. PMI, 1:240.
40. Irving to Joseph Delaplaine, New York, 10 August 1814, Letters I, 364.
41. Irving to Peter Irving, New York, 30 December 1812, Letters I, 351.
42. Irving, “Biographical Memoir of Commodore Perry,” in Miscellaneous Writings I, 94.
43. PMI, 1:311–12.
44. Irving to Brevoort, Albany, 26 September 1814, Letters I, 371; Irving to William Irving Jr., New York, 16 October 1814, Letters I, 379.
45. Ibid., 320.
46. Irving to Moses Thomas, New York, 21 October 1814, Letters I, 382.
47. Irving, “Defence of Fort M'Henry,” in Miscellaneous Writings I, 132.
48. Irving to William Irving Jr., [New York, 20 December 1814], Letters I, 383; PMI, 1:323.
49. PMI, 1:324–25.
50. Letters I, 369n3.
51. Irving to Gulian C. Verplanck, Philadelphia, 21 January 1815, Letters I, 387.
52. Irving to Verplanck, Philadelphia, 17 January 1815, Letters I, 386.
53. Irving to Oliver Hazard Perry, New York, 21 February 1815, Letters I, 390; Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 741.
54. Irving to Mrs. Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 741–42.
55. Ibid.
56. Ibid.
CHAPTER 6: DESPERATION
1. For more on Irving's voyage aboard the Mexico, see Irving to Henry Brevoort, Birmingham, 5 July 1815, Letters I, 397–98.
2. Ibid., 398.
3. Ibid., 399.
4. Irving to Brevoort, [Birmingham?, 16 July? 1815], Letters I, 401.
5. Ibid, emphasis in original; Irving to William Irving Jr., [London, 21 July 1815], Letters I, 403.
6. Irving to Jean Renwick, Birmingham, 27 July 1815, Letters I, 404.
7. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 23 August 1815, Letters I, 418.
8. Chandler, 96.
9. PMI, 1:335.
10. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 19 August 1815, Letters I, 415. Emphasis in original.
11. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 23 August 1815, Letters I, 417.
12. Ibid.
13. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [Liverpool, August 1815], Letters I, 421.
14. Irvin
g to Sarah Irving, [Liverpool, 21 September 1815], Letters I, 423.
15. STW, 1:150.
16. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 17 October 1815, Letters I, 425–26.
17. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [October? 1815], Letters I, 427.
18. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 15 March 1816, Letters I, 432.
19. Irving to Renwick, Liverpool, 5 April 1816, Letters I, 440.
20. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 9 May 1816, Letters I, 446–47.
21. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 16 July 1816, Letters I, 449.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., 450.
25. Notes 1815–1821, Journals II, 70; Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 6 November 1816, Letters I, 458.
26. Letters I, 455n1.
27. Irving to Sarah Irving, Birmingham, 18 October 1816, Letters I, 456.
28. Irving to William Irving Jr., [Liverpool, fall? 1816], Letters I, 457; PMI, 1:357.
29. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 9 December 1816, Letters I, 462.
30. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 16 July 1816, Letters I, 450.
31. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 9 December 1816, Letters I, 463.
32. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 29 January 1817, Letters I, 467.
33. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 24 March 1817, Letters I, 474.
34. Washington Allston to Washington Irving, 9 May 1817, PMI, 1:362.
35. Irving to Allston, Birmingham, 21 May 1817, Letters I, 477–78.
36. Irving to Mrs. Amelia Foster, [April–May 1823], Letters I, 742.
37. Lacey, 72.
38. Irving to Brevoort, Birmingham, 26 May 1817, Letters I, 481.
39. Journals II, 93n4.
40. STW, 1:164.
41. Ibid.
42. Ibid; Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 7 June 1817, Letters I, 483.
43. Letters I, 484n1.
44. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 11 July 1817, Letters I, 486–87.
45. Ibid.
46. Notes circa 1817, Journals II, 169.
47. McClary, xxxi. Ben McClary is also inclined to agree that this was the primary project Irving was pursuing at the time.
48. McClary, xxxii–xlv.
49. Ibid.
50. Irving to Peter Irving, London, 19 August 1817, Letters I, 488–89.
51. Irving to Brevoort, Edinburgh, 28 August 1817, Letters I, 495.
52. STW, 1:156.
CHAPTER 7: DETERMINATION
1. Irving, “Abbotsford,” in The Crayon Miscellany, 125.
2. Irving to Peter Irving, [Edinburgh, 26 August 1817], Letters I, 491.
3. Tour in Scotland 1817, Journals II, 99; Henry Brevoort to Washington Irving, Edinburgh, 1 March 1813, LBI, 84.
4. “Abbotsford,” 126.
5. Pearson, 147.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 152.
8. Irving's recollection of his 1817 visit to Scott at Abbotsford can be found in “Abbotsford,” 125–68.
9. Irving to Brevoort, Edinburgh, 28 August 1817, Letters I, 498; “Abbots-ford,” 572.
10. See Irving to Peter Irving, [Edinburgh, 26 August 1817], Letters I, 494n27, for the text of Scott's note.
11. Tour in Scotland 1817, 113.
12. Ibid., 103
13. Ibid., 106.
14. For fragments of Irving's uncompleted Rosalie novel, see Tour in Scotland 1817, 119–27.
15. Irving to Walter Scott, Hawick, 23 September 1817, Letters I, 507.
16. Irving to Peter Irving, Edinburgh, 20 September 1817, Letters I, 505.
17. Hellman, 101.
18. Irving to John Murray II, Liverpool, 16 October 1817, Letters I, 510–11.
19. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 10 October 1817, Letters I, 508–9.
20. Irving to Brevoort, Leamington, 7 July 1818, Letters I, 527. Emphasis in original.
21. Irving to Mrs. Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Liverpool, 23 November 1817, Letters I, 514.
22. PMI, I, 392.
23. Irving to William Irving Jr., Liverpool, 23 December 1817, Letters I, 514–15.
24. Ibid., 515.
25. Ibid.
26. V. Markham Lester, e-mail message to author, 28 February 2005.
27. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 30 April 1818, Letters I, 524; McClary, 14; Irving to Charles R. Leslie, Liverpool, 8 February 1818, Letters I, 519.
28. Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 19 May 1818, Letters I, 525, 526n1.
29. Irving to Moses Thomas, [3 March 1816], Letters I, 520; Irving to Brevoort, Liverpool, 19 May 1818, Letters I, 526. Emphasis in original.
30. Irving to Silas Richards, Birmingham, 17 July 1818, Letters I, 528. Emphasis in original.
31. So said the Maidstone Gazette, quoted in the London Times on 30 July 1818. See Letters I, 529n1.
32. PMI, 1:396; McClary, 13.
33. PMI, 1:405.
34. Ibid., 406.
35. McClary, 14–15.
36. Ibid., 14n17.
37. Irving to Brevoort, London, 27 September 1818, Letters I, 534.
38. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [London, 13 October 1818], Letters I, 535.
39. William Irving Jr. to Washington Irving, New York, 14 October 1818, STW, 1:170–71.
40. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [London, late November 1818], Letters I, 536.
CHAPTER 8: SENSATION
1. PMI, 1:410.
2. STW, 1:172; PMI, 1:411.
3. McClary, 15; Irving to John Howard Payne, [December 1818], Letters I, 536.
4. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, London, 1 March 1819, Letters I, 539.
5. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [London, 3 March 1819], Letters I, 540.
6. Ibid.
7. Irving to Henry Brevoort, London, 3 March 1819, Letters I, 542.
8. Ibid., 543.
9. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, London, 1 March 1819, Letters I, 539.
10. Johanna Johnston, The Heart That Would Not Hold: A Biography of Washington Irving (New York: M. Evans, 1971), 168–71; McFarland, 157.
11. Irving to Brevoort, London, 1 April 1819, Letters I, 545–46; Irving to John Treat Irving, London, 13 May 1819, Letters I, 547.
12. Irving to Brevoort, London, 13 May 1819, Letters I, 548. Emphasis in original.
13. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, London, 1 March 1819; Letters I, 539.
14. Irving, “Prospectus,” in The Sketch Book, appendix A, 300.
15. New York Evening Post, 26 June 1819. See Aderman, 46.
16. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [3? March 1819], Letters I, 542n1.
17. The Sketch Book, xxv; PMI, 1:419.
18. PMI, 1:418.
19. Irving to Brevoort, London, 10 July 1819, Letters I, 550.
20. Irving to Brevoort, London, 28 July 1819, Letters I, 551–52.
21. Irving to Brevoort, London, 2 August 1819, Letters I, 553; Irving to Brevoort, London, 16 August 1819, Letters I, 557.
22. Irving to Brevoort, London, 16 August 1819, Letters I, 557; PMI, 1:431; Irving to Brevoort, London, 12 August 1819, Letters I, 555.
23. Ibid., 553.
24. Ibid., 554.
25. Irving to Henry Van Wart, [September? 1819], Letters I, 565.
26. Irving to Brevoort, London, 9 September 1819, Letters I, 559. Emphasis in original.
27. Ibid, 559–60.
28. Brevoort to Irving, Bloomingdale, 9 September 1819, LBI, 110.
29. PMI, 1:422.
30. North American Review, September 1819, 348. See The Sketch Book, xxviii. Emphasis in original.
31. “Preface to the Revised Edition,” in The Sketch Book, 3.
32. McClary, 16–17.
33. Irving to Walter Scott, London, 30 October 1819, Letters I, 568.
34. “Preface to the Revised Edition,” 4–5; Scott to Irving, Abbotsford, 17 November 1819, PMI, 1:439–40.
35. “Preface to the Revised Edition,” 6.
36. Irving, A History of New York, 76.
37. Irving to John Howard Payne, Portland Place, 28 January 1820, Letters I,
574.
38. “Advertisement,” in The Sketch Book, appendix B, 301.
39. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [London?, 29 December 1819], Letters I, 573.
40. Brevoort to Irving, New York, April 1820, LBI, 123–24; The Sketch Book, xxviii.
41. “Preface to the Revised Edition,” 7.
42. Brevoort to Irving, New York, 9 November 1819, LBI, 120; Irving to Brevoort, London, 13 May 1820, Letters I, 581.
43. Ibid., 581–82.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., 580–81.
46. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [London, 28 June 1820], Letters I, 587.
47. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 22 September 1820, Letters I, 595.
48. Irving to Brevoort, London, 12 August 1820, Letters I, 554.
49. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 22 September 1820, Letters I, 595.
50. Irving to William Irving Jr., Paris, 22 September 1820, Letters I, 596–97.
51. Brevoort to Irving, New York, November 1820, LBI, 128–29.
52. Irving to Brevoort, [October? 1820], Letters I, 606–7.
53. PMI, 2:24–26.
54. Irving to John Murray II, Paris, 31 October 1820, Letters I, 601.
55. Irving to Charles R. Leslie, Paris, 31 October 1820, Letters I, 604; Irving to Leslie, Paris, 19 December 1820, Letters I, 611.
56. PMI, 2:20.
57. Irving to Richard Rush, Paris, 28 October 1820, Letters I, 600. Emphasis in original.
58. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 10 March 1821, Letters I, 615; PMI, 2:33.
59. PMI, 2:32.
60. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 10 March 1821, Letters I, 614; Brevoort to Irving, New York, 7 May 1821, LBI, 137.
61. PMI, 2:38–39.
62. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 5 April 1821, Letters I, 619.
63. Irving to Brevoort, Paris, 14 April 1821, Letters I, 624.
64. Brevoort to Irving, New York, 15 June 1821, LBI, 143.
65. PMI, 2:48.
66. Irving to Murray, [6 July 1821], Letters I, 633; McClary, 36.
67. PMI, 2:52.
68. Irving to Mrs. Thomas W. Storrow, London, 26 August 1821, Letters I, 641; Irving to William Harris, [London, 6 August 1821], Letters I, 637.
69. Irving to Peter Irving, [September 6, 1821], Letters I, 646.
70. PMI, 2:56.
71. Brevoort to Irving, Bloomingdale, 9 September 1819, LBI, 112–13; Brevoort to Irving, New York, 15 June 1821, LBI, 144; Brevoort to Irving, New York, April 1820, LBI, 126.
72. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, Birmingham, 1 November 1821, Letters I, 653.
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