55. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [Paris], 30 September 1843, Letters III, 612; Irving to Brevoort, Bordeaux, 26 November 1843, Letters III, 618.
56. Ibid., 617.
57. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 20 January 1844, Letters III, 658.
58. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 20 December 1843, Letters III, 633.
59. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 7 January 1844, Letters III, 644.
60. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 23 March 1844, Letters III, 704–5.
61. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, Madrid, 24 March 1844, Letters III, 708; Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 27 April 1844, Letters III, 735.
62. Irving to John C. Calhoun, Legation of the United States, Madrid, 23 April 1844, Letters III, 730.
63. Irving to Calhoun, Legation of the United States, Madrid, 6 May 1844, Letters III, 739–42.
64. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 15 May 1844, Letters III, 747.
65. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 18 May 1844, Letters III, 751.
66. See Irving to Paris, Valencia, 10 August 1829, Letters II, 465.
67. Irving to Calhoun, Legation of the United States, Barcelona, 14 July 1844, Letters III, 800.
68. Irving to Paris, The Shrubbery, Edgbaston, 30 August 1844, Letters III, 814; Irving to Paris, Paris, 15 September 1844, Letters III, 816.
69. Irving to Jasper Livingston, Paris, 25 September 1844, Letters III, 818–20.
70. Irving to Calhoun, Paris, 16 October 1844, Letters III, 822.
71. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 6 December 1844, Letters III, 842–43.
72. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 18 January 1845, Letters III, 869.
73. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 31 January 1845, Letters III, 874; Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 18 January 1845, Letters III, 870.
74. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 19 February 1845, Letters III, 889–90.
75. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 27 February 1845, Letters III, 899–900.
76. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 27 March 1845, Letters III, 924.
77. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 3 April 1845, Letters III, 929.
78. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 22 April 1845, Letters III, 949.
79. Irving to Storrow, Madrid, 10 May 1845, Letters III, 961.
80. Irving to George P. Putnam, Madrid, 13 August 1845, Letters III, 1020–21.
81. Irving to James Buchanan, Paris, 1 October 1845, Letters III, 1030. See Irving to Paris, Paris, 1 November 1845, Letters III, 1031.
82. Irving to Buchanan, Paris, 12 December 1845, Letters III, 1038.
83. Irving to Storrow, London, 7 January 1846, Letters IV, 4.
84. See Hershel Parker, ed., “Gansevoort Melville's 1846 London Journal,” Bulletin NYPL 69 (December 1965): 646–47. See Letters IV, 6n8.
85. Irving to Storrow, London, 2 February 1846, Letters IV, 9; Irving to Storrow, London, 17 January 1846, Letters IV, 7.
86. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, [Madrid, late July 1846], Letters IV, 85.
87. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 16 March 1846, Letters IV, 27.
88. Irving to Paris, Madrid, 25 April 1846, Letters IV, 54; Irving to Sabina O'Shea, Madrid, 4 June 1846, Letters IV, 65.
89. See Letters IV, 45n2.
90. Irving to Paris, [Madrid, early August 1846], Letters IV, 89; Irving to Gouverneur Kemble, New York, 5 April 1842, Letters III, 209.
CHAPTER 15: ICON
1. Irving to Sabina O'Shea, Sunnyside, 18 September 1847, Letters IV, 151; Johnson, 33.
2. Irving to Gouverneur Kemble, Sunnyside, 8 July 1847, Letters IV, 139.
3. Irving to Sarah Storrow, Sunnyside, 18 October 1836, Letters IV, 97; Irving to Pierre M. Irving, n.p., [31 December 1846], Letters IV, 109.
4. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, Sunnyside, 6 January 1847, Letters IV, 109–10.
5. PMI, 4:16; Irving to Helen Dodge Irving, Sunnyside, 14 February [1847], Letters IV, 113.
6. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, n.p., [April? 1847], Letters IV, 132.
7. PMI, 4:14.
8. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, [Sunnyside, 14 April 1847], Letters IV, 125–26; Irving to Pierre M. Irving, Sunnyside, 15 April 1847, Letters IV, 128–29.
9. Irving to Helen Dodge Irving, Sunnyside, 30 April 1847, Letters IV, 131.
10. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 6 June 1847, Letters IV, 133–36.
11. Irving to O'Shea, Sunnyside, 18 September 1847, Letters IV, 151.
12. Ibid.; Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 18 October 1846, Letters IV, 98.
13. Madsen, 268; See STW, 2:210.
14. Irving to Henry R. Schoolcraft, Sunnyside, 10 November 1851, Letters IV, 274.
15. Irving to John Dix, New York, 30 December 1848, Letters IV, 187.
16. PMI, 4:37.
17. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 17 July 1848, Letters IV, 178.
18. See PMI, 4:42, 43.
19. Ibid., 46, 47
20. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 5 July 1849, Letters IV, 198.
21. See PMI, 4:56.
22. Irving to Pierre M. Irving, n.p., 21 September 1849, Letters IV, 202; “Washington Irving,” United States Magazine and Democratic Reviews 21 (December 1849): 492.
23. Literary World 5 (22, 29 December 1849): 537–38, 560–61; “Lives of Mahomet and His Successors,” Christian Observer 162 (June 1851): 378–79.
24. See Irving to John Murray III, Sunnyside, 19 August 1850, Letters IV, 218–19; McClary, 191–95; Irving to Murray, Sunnyside, 22 September 1850, Letters IV, 222.
25. Irving to O'Shea, Sunnyside, 24 February 1850, Letters IV, 206; Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 18 July 1850, Letters IV, 211.
26. Irving to J. S. Lyon, Sunnyside, 27 November 1847, Letters IV, 158; PMI, 4:80.
27. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 6 May 1851, Letters IV, 251.
28. Irving to Rufus W. Griswold, Sunnyside, 18 September 1851, Letters IV, 260; Irving to Lewis Gaylord Clark, Sunnyside, 6 October 1851, Letters IV, 261–62.
29. Irving to John P. Kennedy, Sunnyside, 20 December 1853, Letters IV, 457.
30. See Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 6 May 1851, Letters IV, 252; PMI, IV, 86; Irving to Nathaniel Hawthorne, Sunnyside, 29 January 1852, Letters IV, 294.
31. Hawthorne to Irving, 16 July 1852, STW 2:205–6.
32. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 13 January 1852, Letters IV, 291; Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 29 May 1852, Letters IV, 307–8.
33. Irving to Catharine Irving, Baltimore, 17 January 1853, Letters IV, 351.
34. Irving to Catharine Irving, Washington, 23 January 1853, Letters IV, 360. See Letters IV, 363n3.
35. Irving to Catharine Irving, Washington, 23 January 1853, Letters IV, 363n3; Irving to Daniel Lord, Washington, 3 February 1853, Letters IV, 364–65; Irving to Sarah Irving, Washington, 16 February 1853, Letters IV, 373.
36. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 28 March 1853, Letters IV, 385; Irving to Helen Dodge Irving, Washington, 28 February 1853, Letters IV, 378; Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 28 March 1853, Letters IV, 385.
37. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 28 March 1853, Letters IV, 386.
38. Irving to Mary E. Kennedy, Sunnyside, 27 May 1853, Letters IV, 407.
39. PMI, 4:153; Irving to Pierre M. Irving, Ellicott's Mills, 8 July 1853, Letters IV, 1853.
40. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 29 July 1853, Letters IV, 422. Emphasis in original.
41. Irving to Mary E. Kennedy, Sunnyside, 8 September 1853, Letters IV, 432.
42. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 19 September 1853, Letters IV, 436; Irving to Lewis G. Clark, [27 April 1849], Letters IV, 192.
43. Irving to Elizabeth Kennedy, Sunnyside, 11 November 1853, Letters IV, 452.
44. Irving to Kennedy, Sunnyside, 21 February 1854, Letters IV, 464.
45. Irving to Helen Dodge Irving, Cassilis, 26 June 1853, Letters IV, 416. See Irving, “The Creole Village,” in Wolfert's Roost, 27.
46. PMI, 4:187; See STW, 2:226.
47. Irving to George P. Putnam, [March? 1855], Letters IV, 530.
48. Irving to John P. Kennedy, Sunnyside, 23 April 1855, Letters IV, 532; Irving to Storrow, S
unnyside, 27 June 1855, Letters IV, 541; Irving to John P. Kennedy, Sunnyside, 23 April 1855, Letters IV, 532.
49. PMI, 4:196.
50. Ibid., 195.
51. Ibid., 204.
52. Ibid., 209. See National Intelligencer, 23 March 1857. This article was also reprinted widely after Irving's death.
53. PMI, 4:209.
54. Ibid., 217.
55. Irving to Emily Fuller, Sunnyside, 2 July 1856, Letters IV, 589–90.
56. Irving to Charles Lanman, Sunnyside, 2 March 1857, Letters IV, 609.
57. See Irving to Frederick S. Cozzens, Sunnyside, 22 May 1857. See also Irving, A History of New York, 216; Irving to Charles A. Davis, Sunny-side, 2 June 1857, Letters IV, 626.
58. Irving to Storrow, Sunnyside, 4 August 1857, Letters IV, 623
59. PMI, 4:239.
60. Ibid., 253. Emphasis in original.
61. Ibid., 252.
62. Ibid., 255.
63. Ibid., 265.
64. Ibid., 265, 268.
65. Ibid., 276.
66. Ibid., 279; Irving to Kennedy, Sunnyside, 11 May 1859, Letters IV, 688.
67. PMI, 4:282.
68. William C. Preston to Irving, Charlottesville, 11 May 1859. See PMI, 4:286.
69. PMI, 4:290.
70. Ibid., 296.
71. Ibid., 333.
72. Ibid., 319, 322.
73. See “Washington Irving,” Milwaukee Sentinel, 1 December 1859.
74. PMI, 4:327–29; Irving's eight pallbearers were Kemble, Cogswell, Ren-wick, Col. James A. Hamilton, Col. James Watson Webb, Henry Shelton, Esq., and Messrs. George T. Morgan and Nathaniel B. Holmes. See Edmund Clarence Stedman, “The Death and Burial of Washington Irving,” New York Tribune, 2 December 1859.
75. Irving to Ebenezer Irving, [Madrid, fall 1842], Letters III, 440.
76. “Address on the Death of Washington Irving,” Longfellow, 800–802.
77. Irving to Brevoort, London, 3 March 1819, Letters I, 543.
Selected Bibliography
Adams, Henry. History of the United States of America during the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1986.
Aderman, Ralph M., ed. Critical Essays on Washington Irving. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990.
Bowers, Claude G. The Spanish Adventures of Washington Irving. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1940.
Brooks, Van Dyke. The World of Washington Irving. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1944.
Burrows, Edwin G. and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Chandler, George. An Illustrated History of Liverpool. Liverpool, England: Rondo, 1972.
Hedges, William L. Washington Irving: An American Study, 1802–1832. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965.
Hellman, George S. Washington Irving, Esquire. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1925.
Homberger, Eric. The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of Nearly 400 Years of New York City's History. New York: Henry Holt, Owl Books, 1998.
Irving, Washington. The Adventures of Captain Bonneville. Edited by Robert A. Rees and Alan Sandy. Vol. 16 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1977.
————. The Alhambra. Edited by William T. Lenehan and Andrew B. Myers. Vol. 14 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1983.
————. Astoria; or, Anecdotes of an Enterprize beyond the Rocky Mountains. Edited by Richard Dilworth Rust. Vol. 15 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1976.
————. Bracebridge Hall; or, The Humourists: A Medley by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Edited by Herbert F. Smith. Vol. 9 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1977.
————. A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada. Edited by Miriam J. Shillingsburg. Vol. 13 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1988.
————. The Crayon Miscellany. Edited by Dahlia Kirby Terrell. Vol. 22 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1979.
————. A History of New York. Edited by Michael L. Black and Nancy B. Black. Vol. 7 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1984.
————. A History of New York; Washington Irving: History, Tales and Sketches. Edited by James W. Tuttleton. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1983.
————. Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent./Salmagundi. Edited by Bruce I. Granger and Martha Herzog. Vol. 6 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1977.
————. The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. Edited by John Harmon McElroy. Vol. 11 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1981.
————. Life of George Washington. Edited by Allen Guttman and James A. Sappenfield. Vols. 19–21 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1982.
————. Mahomet and His Successors. Edited by Henry A. Pochmann and E. N. Feltskog. Vol. 18 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1970.
————. Miscellaneous Writings, Volume I: 1803–1859. Edited by Wayne R. Kime. Vol. 28 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1981.
————. Miscellaneous Writings, Volume II: 1803–1859. Edited by Wayne R. Kime. Vol. 29 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1981.
————. Oliver Goldsmith: A Biography/Biography of the Late Margaret Miller Davidson. Edited by Elsie Lee West. Vol. 17 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1978.
————. The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Edited by Haskell Springer. Vol. 8 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1978.
————. Tales of a Traveller by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. Edited by Judith Giblin Haig. Volume 10 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1987.
————. The Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus. Edited by James W. Tuttleton. Vol. 12 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1986.
————. Wolfert's Roost. Edited by Roberta Rosenberg. Vol. 27 of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne, 1979.
Johnson, Kathleen Eagen. Washington Irving's Sunnyside. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Historic Hudson Valley Press, 1995.
Kaplan, Fred. Dickens: A Biography. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Lacey, Louis, ed. The History of Liverpool from 1207 to 1907: Some Notes. Liverpool: Lyceum Press, 1907.
Leary, Lewis. Washington Irving. Pamphlets on American Writers, no. 25. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1963.
Lester, V. Markham. Victorian Insolvency: Bankruptcy, Imprisonment for Debt, and Company Winding Up in Nineteenth-Century England. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. Poems and Other Writings. Edited by J. D. McClatchy. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2000.
Madsen, Axel. John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
McClary, Ben Harris, ed. Washington Irving and the House of Murray. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969.
McFarland, Philip. Sojourners. New York: Atheneum, 1979.
Myers, Andrew B., ed. A Century of Commentary on the Works of Washington Irving. Tarrytown, N.Y.: Sleepy Hollow Restorations, 1976.
Paulding, William Irving. The Literary Life of James K. Paulding. New York: Charles Scribner, 1867.
Pearson, Hesketh. Sir Walter Scott: His Life and Personality. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954.
Reichart, Walter A. Washington Irving and Germany. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1957.
Remini, Robert V. The Life of Andrew Jackson. New York: Penguin Books, 1988.
Sanborn, F. B., ed. The Romance of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, John Howard Payne and Washington Irving. Boston: Bibliophile Society, 1907.
Sanderlin, George. Washington Irving: As Others Saw Him. New York: Coward, McCann
& Geoghegan, 1975.
Smiles, Samuel. A Publisher and His Friends: Memoirs and Correspondence of the Late John Murray with an Account of the Origins and Progress of the House, 1768–1843. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1891.
Warner, Charles D. Washington Irving. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1968.
Williams, Stanley T., and Leonard B. Beach. The Journal of Emily Foster. New York: Oxford University Press, 1938.
Wills, Garry. James Madison. New York: Times Books, 2002.
Index
Abbotsford, 158–159
Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey (Irving), 319
Aberdeen, Lord, 272–273, 275, 346
abolitionist movement, 301
Adams, John, 5
Adams, John Quincy, 233, 257, 265, 269
Adventures of Captain Bonneville, The (Irving), 327–328
adventure stories, 6
Agapida, Fray Antonio (pseudonym), 258, 272, 357
agrarian reform, 105
Albuquerque, Cavalcanti de, 348–349
Alhambra, 251, 260
Alhambra, The (Irving), 284, 285, 287, 289, 296–297, 390
Allston, Washington, 39–41, 131, 144, 168, 169–170, 171
Almodóvar, Count, 349, 351
American Citizen (newspaper), 18–19, 26
American public, reception of Irving by, 98, 291–295, 310–311, 334
American Revolution, 2, 13
Ames, Hector, 347, 358
Analectic (magazine), 116–118, 119, 124, 125
Anderson, John, 7–8, 11, 40
André, John, 12
Andrews, John, 286–287
appearance, 30, 47, 267
Ariosto, Ludovico, 6
Aspinwall, Thomas, 245–246, 255, 256, 261, 280, 281, 289, 317, 320–321, 327
Astor, John Jacob, 4, 52, 85, 111, 191, 293, 313–315, 323, 324, 345, 383–384
Astoria (Irving), 314–315, 320, 321, 323–324
Astor library, 387
Azendai (Payne), 216
bachelorhood, 87–88
Ballston Springs, 17–18
Bancroft, George, 403
bank failures, 329
bankruptcies, 166–167, 231
Barcelona, Spain, 369–370, 373–374
Barlow, Joel, 109
Barrow, John, 151
Battle of Waterloo, 127–130
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