by Mark Zuehlke
24 Bennett, 50.
25 Ibid., 51.
26 Stacey, 66–67.
27 Speidel, 38.
28 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 51.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 284.
32 Ibid.
33 Canadian Operations in North-West Europe, June 1944: Extracts from Memoranda (Series 1), R.F.L. Keller, “The Techniques of the Assault: Comments on Operation ‘Overlord’,” 21 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
34 N.a, “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord, The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy—6–11 June 1944—Sequence of Events and Lessons Arising Therefrom,” vol. 104S5, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1.
35 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 6 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 2784.
36 Ernest Côté, interview by Michael Boire, Ottawa, 14 November 2003.
37 Ibid.
38 Portugal, vol. 6, 2784.
39 Mingay, Don (Lt. Col.), documents. Canadian War Museum Archives.
40 Russell Frederick Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977, University of Victoria Special Collections.
41 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe,” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 155.
42 Ibid.
43 Cyril Merrott Wightman, interview by Cameron Falconer, 8 February 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
6: SPOILING FOR A FIGHT
1 Maj. G.W.L. Nicholson, “Report No. 138 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion: Organization and Training, July 1942–June 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., para. 8.
2 Ibid., para. 3.
3 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 34.
4 Nicholson, para. 9.
5 Nolan, 14.
6 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 2–5.
7 Nolan, 18.
8 Nolan, 25–31.
9 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
10 Nolan, 38.
11 Madden recollections.
12 Nolan, 41–48.
13 Madden recollections.
14 Nicholson, paras. 22–23.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., paras. 24–25.
17 Nolan, 49.
18 Ibid., 48–49.
19 Nicholson, para. 26.
20 Ibid., para. 28.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid., para. 29.
23 Ibid., para. 37.
24 Hartigan, 19.
25 Ibid., 20–21.
26 Ibid., 21.
27 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 71–72.
28 Hartigan, 21.
29 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1995), 51–52.
30 Hartigan, 21.
7: TO DIE GLORIOUSLY
1 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe,” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 154.
2 John Clifford Cave, interview by Chris D. Main, 14, 24 August 1978, University of Victoria Special Collections.
3 Martin, paras. 77–78.
4 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 76.
5 Ibid., 76–81.
6 Martin, paras. 99–103.
7 Stacey, 77.
8 Martin, para. 83.
9 Ibid., paras. 83–91.
10 Stacey, 120.
11 Don Mingay speech, 2002, copy in possession of the author.
12 Peter Simonds, Maple Leaf Up, Maple Leaf Down: The Story of the Canadians in the Second World War (New York: Island Press, 1946), 129.
13 Ibid., 129–30.
14 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 1 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 23–27.
15 Ibid., 35.
16 Hugh Lamb, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Mississauga, ON, 8 September 2003.
17 Desmond W. Piers, “HMCSAlgonquin—Operation Neptune,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 1.
18 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 17.
19 Piers, 1.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 R.M. Hickey, The Scarlet Dawn (Campbellton, NB: Tribune Publishers, 1949), 184.
23 William Boss, Up the Glens: Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1783–1994, 2nd ed. (Cornwall, ON: Old Book Store, 1995), 183.
24 Ronald Shawcross, interview by Mark C. Hill, 14, 19 June 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
25 N.a., “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord—The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy, 6–11 June 1944—Sequence of Events and Lessons Arising Therefrom,” vol. 10455, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
26 Bill McCormick, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
27 “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord,” n.p.
28 “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord—The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy, 6–11 June 1944—Appendix B Narrative, 10 CDN ARMD REGT,” 1.
29 Martin, para. 158.
30 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
31 Ibid.
32 Ralph Burley, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 12 August 2003.
33 John Marteinson and Michael R. McNorgan, The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000), 243.
34 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1.
35 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
36 Russell Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977, University of Victoria Special Collections.
37 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
38 Ibid.
39 B.B. Schofield, Operation Neptune (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 59.
40 Ibid., 66–67.
41 Stacey, 89.
42 Schofield, 67–68.
43 Carlo D’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (London: Penguin Books, 2001), 110.
8: NO BANDS OR CHEERING CROWDS
1 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe.” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 164.
2 R.M. Hickey, The Scarlet Dawn (Campbelltown, NB: Tribune Publishers, 1949), 192.
3 19th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 “Letters from Capt. Seaborn to wife Mary
Elizabeth (Betty) Seaborn,” 5 June 1944, Robert Lowder Seaborn and Family Papers, National Archives of Canada.
5 Ibid.
6 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 2 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 612.
7 Highland Light Infantry of Canada War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
8 Ibid.
9 Bill McCormick, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
10 Jack Martin, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Scarborough, ON, 1 October 2003.
11 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
12 B.B. Schofield, Operation Neptune (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 43–44.
13 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 73.
14 Anthony H.G. Storrs, interview by Chris Bell, 9, 16 September 1982, 13 June, 8 July, and 30 August 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
15 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 73.
16 Stan Richardson Diary, copy in possession of the author.
17 Schofield, 51–54.
18 I.J. Gillen Diary, RG518-0-2-E, National Archives of Canada, 2.
19 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1995), 52.
20 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 65.
21 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 77.
22 Hartigan, 65–69.
23 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
24 Nolan, 78.
25 G.W.L. Nicholson, “Report No. 139 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: The 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in France, 6 June–6 September 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d, para. 8.
26 “Information re: dispersion on D-Day, 6 June 1944 1 CDN Para Bn,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
27 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 806.
28 Don Cheney, interview by Glen Cook, 16 November 2000, Ottawa, Canadian War Museum Oral History Project Collection.
29 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 1, 3252.
30 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in Northwest Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 121–22.
31 Max Pemsel, “Seventh Army, June 1942–6 June 1944: Report of the Chief of Staff,” in Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 70.
32 Max Hastings, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle of Normandy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 67–68.
33 B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 575.
34 Hans von Luck, Panzer Grenadier: The Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989), 136–37.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
9: STICK TO THE OBJECTIVE
1 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 71.
2 Ibid., 72.
3 Ibid., 118–20.
4 Ibid., 117–18.
5 John P. Hanson, “Letter 12 November 1949 in Correspondence re Ops 1st Cdn Para Bn from various officers,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
6 Ibid.
7 Hartigan, 113.
8 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
9 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 79–80.
10 Madden reminiscences.
11 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1981), 78–79.
12 Hartigan, 110–13.
13 Willes, 79.
14 Ibid., 78–80.
15 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 15–16.
16 Hartigan, 116.
17 N.a., “Information re: dispersion on D-Day, 6 June 1944 1 CDN Para Bn,” 145.4013(D1), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
18 Ibid.
19 Nolan, 92–93.
20 Hartigan, 107.
21 Ibid., 90.
22 Ibid., 83–84.
23 Ibid., 96–97.
24 Willes, 75.
25 Hartigan, 86.
26 Willes, 75.
27 Hartigan, 120–25.
28 Willes, 76.
29 Hartigan, 149.
30 Ibid., 116–17.
31 Willes, 78.
32 Ibid., 82.
10: ALL AFLAME
1 Anthony H.G. Storrs, interview by Chris Bell, 9, 16 September 1982, 13 June, 8 July, and 30 August 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 75–76.
3 Stan Richardson Diary, copy in possession of the author.
4 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 75–76.
5 Ibid., 87.
6 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 56.
7 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 808.
8 Desmond W. Piers, “HMCSAlgonquin—Operation Neptune,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 4.
9 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 89.
10 Piers, 4.
11 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 275.
12 H.S. Patterson, “Artillery Communications in Operation Overlord, Account by Maj. H.S. Patterson, OC 2 Coy, 3 CDN INF DIV SIGS,” 018(D2), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 6.
13 Piers, 4.
14 B.B. Schofield, Operation Nepture (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 94–95.
15 Ibid., 44–45.
16 Ibid., 94.
17 Nicholson, 276.
18 Patterson, 6.
19 Fred Rogers, videotaped recollections in possession of the author, n.d.
20 James Douglas Baird, interview by William S. Thackray, 17, 27 June and 18 July 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
21 Patterson, 6.
22 Baird interview.
23 Nicholson, 277.
24 G.E.M. Ruffee and J.B. Dickie, The History of the 14 Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery: 1940–1945 (Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek NV, 1945), 26.
25 Okill Stuart, “D-Day—The Longest Day,” Quadrant, December 2000, 17.
26 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1881–82.
27 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 102.
28 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 90–91.
29 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 1, National Archives of Canada, 2.
30 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 50.
31 Ralph Burley, in
terview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 12 August 2003.
32 Conron, 50.
33 Stuart, 17.
11: ROLL ME OVER, LAY ME DOWN
1 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
2 Roy Whitsed, Canadians: A Battalion at War (Mississauga, ON: Burlington Books, 1996), 3.
3 Queen’s Own Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 Canadian Scottish Regiment 1st Battalion, Regiment War Diary, June 1944, Appendix C COY, 1 C. Scot R. 31 May to 6 June 44, National Archives of Canada, 1.
5 Canadian Scottish Regiment 1st Battalion, War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
6 C.M. Wightman Personal Diary, University of Victoria Special Collections, Reginald Roy Papers.
7 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 90.
8 Wightman diary.
9 Robert Lowder Seaborn, interview by Cameron Falconer, 23 February 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
10 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 211.
11 N.a., The Canadians at War, 1939/45, vol. 2 (Montreal: The Reader’s Digest Assoc. [Canada], 1969), 442.
12 Russell Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977. University of Victoria Special Collections.
13 J.H. Hamilton, “Normandy: 1944, Juno Beach,” Perspectives, Alex Kuppers, ed. (Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc. British Columbia Branch, 2003), 27.
14 Charles Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994), 3–4.
15 Bill Bettridge, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Brampton, ON, 14 October 2003.
16 Gerry Cleveland interview by John Gregory Thompson, Port Colbourne, ON, 4 November 2003.
17 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 1, National Archives of Canada, 2.
18 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 51.
19 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1008–9.
20 Stan Seneco, interview by John Gregory Thompson, East York, ON, 3 November 2003.
21 Ibid.
22 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 8: Account written by Sgt. Gariépy, National Archives of Canada, 1.