Bailey, Pearl, 137
Baker, Josephine, 158
Ballard, Florence, 203
Banks, James, Jr., 150
Banks, James W., 147
Baruch, Bernard, 122
Battle, Samuel J., 148
Bechet, Sidney, 148
Belafonte, Harry, 161
Bell, George, 90
Bennett, Lerone, Jr., 212
Bernard, Audrey, 142
Bernoon, Emanuel Manna, 89
Bernoon, Mary, 89
Bernstein, Leonard, 219
Bethune, Albertus, 221
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 5, 106–107, 211, 218, 220–223
Blake, Eubie, 148
Blue, Vida, 138
Bogle, Robert, 89–90
Bostic, Dorothy M., 64
Boyd, Robert, 93
Braddicks, Robert, 148
Braithwaite, W. H., 153
Brice, Carol, 7
Brissot de Warville, Jacques, 91
Brockington, John, 138
Brooke, Edward, 111
Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 19, 77, 106, 137, 138, 211, 228–229; and etiquette, 7–12, 163, 164, 167, 210; and Palmer, 3–10, 15–16, 63
Brown, Harry, 45
Brown, John, 99
Browne, Mary, 105
Bruce, John E., 124
Bruce, Roscoe Conklin, 155
Bullock, Bennetta, 101
Bulmer, John, 52
Bunche, Ralph, 111, 158
Burroughs, Margaret, 128–131
Campanella, Roy, 138
Cannon, George D., 152, 153
Carter, Arianna, 102
Carter, Harriet Josephine, 119
Carver, George Washington, 122
Chamberlain, Wilt, 139
Church, Anna Wright, 107–108, 110
Church, Robert R., 107–109, 110
Church, Robert R., Jr., 108–109
Church, Roberta, 109–110
Clarke, William, 215
Clay, Cassius. See Ali, Muhammad
Claybrooks, James, 53
Cobb, W. Montague, 113
Cole, Nat “King,” 5, 137
Colfax, Schuyler, 113
Conrad, Barnaby, 102
Cooke, Jay, 69
Cunningham, Ralph, 174
Cunningham, Sam, 174
Custis, George Washington Parke, 102, 103
Custis, Maria, 102, 103
Custis, Mary, 102
Davis, Benjamin T., 68, 175
Dibble, Andrew, 123
Dibble, Clyla, 123
Dibble, Eugene H., 122
Dibble, Eugene III, 122–123, 139, 215
Dibble, Eugene IV, 123
Dibble, Hilary, 123
Dibble, Robert T., 123
Dibble, Rochon, 123
Dickerson, Earl B., 18
Dobbs, John Wesley, 174–175, 186–187
Dobbs, Mattiwilda, 137, 174
Dodge, Horace, 226
Dorsey, Thomas J., 90
Douglass, Frederick, 68, 69–70, 99, 101, 103, 134, 211
Downing, Thomas, 90
Drew, Charles, 111
DuBois, William Edward Burkhardt, 149, 211; and banks, 70; homes of, 153; and Niagara Movement, 170; and schools, 111, 211–212
Dudley, Edward R., 73
Duke, Washington, 71
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 155
DuSable, Jean-Baptiste Pointe, 89
Eddleman, E. O., 192
Ellis, Robert, 206
Elrod, Arthur, 22
Evans, Leonard, 51, 52–55, 56
Evans, Leonard, Jr., 55
Evans, Midian, 55
Eversley, F. W., Jr., 154
Fetchit, Stepin, 148
Fleming, John W., 44–45
Fleming, Lina, 44–19, 75, 77
Foreman, George, 139
Frazier, Ben, 39
Frazier, E. Franklin, 133–134, 142, 162, 163, 208
Frazier, Joe, 138
Freeman, Lloyd, 154
Fuller, S. B., 32, 35
Funderburg, I. Owen, 179–180
Gamble, James M., 220
Garvey, Marcus, 149
Gassett, Muriel, 7
Gaye, Marvin, 203
Gibson, Althea, 138
Giovanni, Nikki, 136
Goldman, Marcus, 26
Gordon, Henry, 90
Gordy, Berry, Jr., 162, 166, 201–207, 213, 216
Granger, Betty, 141
Gravely, Samuel L., Jr., 139
Graves, Earl, 154, 179
Green, Edward S., 10–11
Grimke, Archibald Henry, 169, 170
Grimke, E. M., 170
Grimke, Francis, 170
Grimke, Henry, 169–170
Habersham, Jean, 142
Hall, George Cleveland, 54
Hamilton, Alexander, 171
Hamilton, Alexander III, 171
Hamilton, Alexander IV, 171
Hamilton, Alexander V, 171
Hamilton, Alexander VI, 171
Hamilton, Bertram, 184
Hamilton, Cameron, 171
Hamilton, Grace, 169, 170–171, 172, 221
Hamilton, Henry Cooke, 171, 184
Hammond, James H., 81
Hampton, Alexander, 171
Handy, W. C, 148
Harris, William Beasely, 115
Hawkins, Margaret R., 74
Hayes, Roland, 219
Hayes, Rutherford B., 46, 113
Hearst, Randolph, 145
Hellman, Geoffrey, 125
Henderson, Fletcher, 148
Henderson, Freddye Scarborough, 207–209
Henderson, Jacob, 209
Henderson, Joan, 33. See also Johnson, Joan
Hensen, Mathew, 25
Herndon, Alonzo F., 71, 174
Herndon, Norris, 174
Hill, Abram, 147
Hollowell, Donald, 185–186, 189
Hope, John, 212
Hough, Paul, 74
Howard, David T., 169
Howard, Pierre, 169
Howard, Theodore Roosevelt Mason, 187–189, 214
Hundley, Mary Gibson, 100, 105–107, 110–112, 115–116, 165–166, 216
Huston, Charles, 106
Jabbar, Kareem Abdul-, 138
Jackson, Maynard, Sr., 174–175
Jackson, Stonewall, 219
Jackson, Thomas, 90
James, Daniel, Jr., 139
Jefferson, Thomas, 111
Johnson, Al, 207
Johnson, Andrew, 103
Johnson, Beverly, 140
Johnson, Eric, 38–39
Johnson, Eunice Walker, 22–24, 27–28, 29
Johnson, George: background of, 32–34; cosmetics company of, 31–32, 34–37, 201, 207, 210, 216; family of, 37–39; and John Johnson, 31–32, 37, 39, 56; philosophy of, 43–44, 227; and whites, 210, 214–215, 216
Johnson, James Weldon, 90
Johnson, Joan, 33, 34, 35, 37–38
Johnson, John (brother of George), 38
Johnson, John H., 29, 43, 213–214, 216; background of, 15–20, 166; children of, 23, 39, 125, 215; and Ebony, 24–28, 40, 92, 136–141, 201; and George Johnson, 31–32, 37, 39, 56; home of, 22–24, 28, 226; insurance company of, 26, 71; and Urban League, 207
Johnson, Priscilla, 32
Johnson, Robert (brother of George), 38
Johnson, Robert (at Ebony), 128
Jones, Henry, 90
Kardiner, Abram, 131
King, Coretta, 162, 182
King, Cornelius, 182–185
King, David H., Jr., 145
King, Martin Luther, Sr., 84, 182
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 47, 181–182
King, Nina, 182–185
Lafontant, Jewel Stradford, 120–121
Lahniers, Edward, 161
Laveau, Marie, 82–83
Lee, Hannah F. S., 91
Lee, Robert E., 102, 218
Lee, Sallie Rebecca, 122
Legall, Walter, 148
Lindbergh, Charles, 2
19
Llewellyn, J. Bruce, 154
Logan, Arthur C., 154
Louis, Joe, 45, 138
McAlpine, William H., 23
McCree, Wade H., Jr., 217–220
McDonald, Eugene, 25
MacDonald, Lonny, 142
McGuires, R. Grayson, 114
Major, Gerri, 73, 148
Marshall, Thurgood, 54, 138,153, 218
Martini, Herbert A., 34
Mason, Robert, 188
May, Carolyn, 48–49
Mayo, Whitman (“Grady”), 142
Mays, Willie, 138
Meadows, Elbert, 46
Meadows, John, 46
Meredith, James, 127
Merrick, John, 70–71
Miller, Edward, 181
Miller, Flannery, 148
Miller, Nina King, 182–185
Milton, L. D., 176, 177–178
Minton, Henry, 90
Montague, William H., 113
Moon, Henry Lee, 156, 157
Moon, Mollie, 156–159
Moore, Aaron McDuffie, 71
Moore, Aida Arabella, 119
Moore, Eric, 119
Morris, Louise K., 156
Muhammad, Elijah, 85, 213
Muhammad, Wallace, 213
Murphy, Harry, 127
Nelson, Orville, 33–35
Noland, Charlotte, 4
Northup, Solomon, 81
Nurse, Godfrey, 154
Obowu, Taiwo, 121
Ostrow, Stuart, 206
Ovesey, Lionel, 131
Palmer, Alice Freeman, 3–4
Parris, Guichard, 156, 214, 216
Perry, Herman, 177
Pettiford, W. R., 85
Post, Emily, 8
Post, Marjorie Merriweather, 49
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 127
Powell, C. B., 154
Prince, Abijah, 88
Procope, John, 154
Proctor, Barbara, 56–60, 215, 216–217
Proctor, Morgan, 57, 60
Prosser, James, 90
Prysock, Barbra, 142
Pullen-Walker, Bettie, 39–10
Quamino, “Duchess,” 89
Raiser, William, 22
Randolph, Peter, 83
Randolph, Philip, 51
Ransom, Raymond, 150
Rayford, Bessie Boykin, 119
Reed, Lee, 123
Reyes, Francisco, 89
Reynolds, Charles McKinley, 178
Ricard, Cyprian, 91
Rillieux, Norbert, 91
Robbins, Warren, 100–101, 131
Roberts, Charles H., 148
Robertson, Oscar, 138, 227–228
Robeson, Paul, 8, 137
Robinson, Frank, 138
Robinson, Sugar Ray, 138
Robinson, William (“Smokey”), 202–203
Rockefeller, David, 49
Rockefeller, John Davison, 207
Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 155–156, 220
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 5, 221
Roskind, Michael, 205, 206
Ross, Diana, 137, 203, 204, 205–206
Russell, Maurice V., 141
Russworm, John, 134
Sanders, Charles L., 148
Sanders, Victoria, 125
Scott, Sarah S., 74
Scott, Winfield, 113
Simpson, O. J., 138
Sims, Naomi, 27
Sissle, Noble, 148
Slocum, Beryl, 127
Smith, Beatrice, 75
Smith, Stephen, 90
Stanley, John C., 91
Steward, Austin, 78
Stokes, Joel, 177–178
Stradford, Aida Arabella, 119–120
Sutton, Oliver, 148
Sutton, Percy, 153
Swann, Evonne, 142
Syphax, Burke, 104
Syphax, Charles, 102–103
Syphax, Charles, Jr., 104
Syphax, John, 103
Syphax, John W., 104
Syphax, Marguerite, 104
Syphax, Maria Custis, 102, 103
Syphax, Orieanna, 104, 116
Syphax, William, 102, 104
Syphax, William II, 103
Syphax, William Custis, Jr., 104
Syphax, William T. (“Tommy”), 104
Tandy, Vertner W., 148
Taylor, Robert R., 123
Teabeau, Anne Weaver, 99–100
Terrell, Mary Church, 106–108, 109–110, 116, 211
Thompson, Cordell, 142
Toussaint, Pierre, 91
Towns, George, 171, 187
Trotter, William Monroe, 134
Turner, Charles, 222–223
Turner, Henry McNeil, 182, 187
Valdez, Maria Rita, 89
Vaughan, Burrell Churchill, 118
Vaughan, James Churchill, 118–119, 122
Vaughan, James Olabode, 121
Vaughan, James Wilson, 121
Vaughan, Michael Ayo, 121
Vaughan, Sarah, 121
Vaughan, Scipio, 117–120
Vaughan, Wilie, 118
Vaughan-Richards, Ayo, 120–121
Wade, Adam, 142
Wade, Jean, 148
Walker, C. J., 7, 33–34, 36, 220
Walker, Maggie L., 67
Washington, Bennetta Bullock, 160
Washington, Booker Taliaferro, 23, 53, 111, 135, 211–213, 219–220
Washington, Booker T. III, 148
Washington, Martha, 102, 103
Washington, Sarah Spencer, 7
Washington, Walter E., 97, 101
Watson, Carrie Syphax, 104
Webb, Eugene H., 154
Weld, Angelina Grimke, 169–170
Welles, James Lesesne, 104
Welles, Melba, 104
West, J. J., 192–193
Weston, Nancy, 169
White, Hugh, 187–188
White, Walter, 153, 174
Wilkins, Roy, 153
Williams, Gertrude Johnson, 15–20
Willoughby, Anselee, 114–115, 116
Willoughby, Winston Churchill, 114, 137
Wilson, Mary, 203
Wonder, Stevie, 203
Wormley, James T., 113
Wright, Anna, 107–108, 110
Wright, Benjamin, 108
Wright, Debbie, 49
Wright, Louis T., 148
Wright, Lydia, 48, 49
Wright, Nathan, 46, 47
Yancey, Arthur Henry (“Aytch”), 191–198
Yancey, Asa, 190–191
Yancey, Green, 195–197
Yancey, Homer, 195–197, 198
Yancey, Julia, 195, 197–198
Yancey, Marge Dunbar, 190–191
Yates, C. R., 174
Young, Andrew, Jr., 138
Zollar, Doris Lowe, 93–94, 132, 217
Zollar, Lowell, 132
All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
Copyright © 1977 by Stephen Birmingham
Cover design by Olivia Brodtman
ISBN: 978-1-5040-4102-7
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