There was a smiling Greenlander coming down the path and because the biologists had vanished behind a pile of rubble he came up to me, his hand outstretched. He spoke a fractured Danish; he told me he was called Lars. Struggling to phrase the question, as I struggled to understand, he asked me to his hut for coffee and wine. His wife, Anna, had baked a cake, he said. I followed him along a path stained with grease and blood. He was small, wearing black trousers, a blue shirt; he was sixty-four, he told me, though he looked a decade or two younger. His house was a wooden shack, painted blue. Lars’s neighbours had killed a seal the day before. Its guts lay on his porch, arranged on a plastic sheet, glistening. Lars stepped neatly over the guts, opened the door into a pile of chaos, a house made of scraps, wood hammered roughly into tables piled with dirty plates and coffee cups. He was a hunter, he said, but the season had not been so good. He lived for much of the year by fishing, but he shot seals when he could, and in September the polar bear season began. He showed me his fishing log; he hadn’t caught a thing for months. Anna brought out the cake, the coffee and the cups. The kitchen was full of antiquated appliances—1970s plastic mixing bowls, coffee pots, rusty old pans—and the walls were covered in certificates and pictures, gaudy images of Christ, photographs of their children. There were no books, but there was a large TV and a video recorder, incongruous in the patched-up room.
‘This,’ said Lars, holding up a piece of paper, ‘is my certificate, when I came second in the national dog-racing trials.
‘I have seven children, four sons and three daughters. I had another son, but he died last year, on the ice. Here,’ said Lars, handing me a large picture of his son in a shroud, which stood on the cupboard.
‘This is Greenlandic cake,’ he said, handing me a slice of stale fruitcake.
‘I have two boats, small boats. I never go to Nuuk,’ he said, smiling. ‘It is too far away. I have heard it is a great city.’
A great city of thirteen thousand people, spilling its metropolitan vastness into the fjord.
‘But my brother lives there. He married a Danish woman. I have not seen him for twenty years.
‘My son,’ Lars said, ‘caught two narwhals. That is a wonderful thing. You can become rich, even from one narwhal, because everyone wants to buy the narwhal horn.’
He smiled. Anna smiled. He had built his house with his own hands, he said, then later he said the Danish government had given it to him, as a present. Lars wanted me to stay for the day; it was pure kindness. We could hardly understand each other, but he kept bringing out pictures and cakes while Anna smiled.
‘Come again, come again soon,’ Lars was saying, as I thanked them and stepped out onto the porch.
It was hard to get a true sense of Lars and Anna. It was hard to get a true sense of anything in the ice island, because of the blankness that surrounded everything. The endless whiteness of the ice drained the spectrum, dominating everything. It wasn’t just the people who were bleached; it was the objects too. The objects were fainting into pallor. I scrambled up icy rocks, to the peak of a small rubble mountain above the town. I avoided a large hole which had been dug as a rubbish pit, and was already almost filled with bright plastic bags. Then I nearly fell into a narrow ravine, like a gash in the mountain. There were water pipes banged into the rocks in a long line, running up the mountain, and the mountain was like the wreckage of an avalanche. Moss clung to the slopes; there were white birds nesting at the top, and cracked eggs scattered further down the mountainside. Beyond the ridge I could see to the foot of a glacier, the bergs around its base crushed together, forming a mass of ice and snow on the sea.
One evening as I was lying flat on the deck of the ship, I heard voices approaching, and there were the captain and a Philippine sailor walking along the deck. I laid my head on my arm again and lost myself in a doze, though the wind was whipping across the deck and the night was cold. Then I heard the captain saying: ‘I don’t like us going this far north. Am I the captain or not? The season is changing, the ice gets thicker. We should turn back. They’ve said we can’t even go to Thule Air Base. Permission denied. So why are we going on? Look at this weather,’ he said, as the wind blustered and the ship heeled, ‘I’ve seen worse, but this is a small ship, you feel everything.’
Then they both said some bizarre things. The Philippine sailor said, ‘But perhaps we could go there anyway.’
And the captain said, ‘They’re not letting anyone into the air base. It didn’t used to be this way. We used to stop off there. Not this year.’
I was wide awake by this time but stayed still, wondering if they had seen me, or if they cared. They were walking off along the ship, sliding around on the deck, as the waves pushed the ship from side to side, a hypnotic lurch, a lurch my body was beginning to grow used to, which no longer made me sick.
I turned onto my back, watching the stars. The sky was dark blue. I heard the captain saying, ‘I still think we should turn back,’ as he vanished into the bridge.
At Melville Bay the sea was almost flat. The waves were like eels trapped under foil and the water was silver in the pale light. There was a band of blackness on the horizon. The north was under rain, and snowflakes fell onto the ship, lightly at first, becoming thicker. It was mid-afternoon, and the bar was full of people staring at the silent ice, as the sea congealed. The captain had come down from the bridge, and was standing with his hands on his hips, surveying the scene.
‘We are not going to Thule Air Base,’ said the captain. ‘It is not allowed.’
There was a collective sigh. No one really knew where we were any more; the map seemed to bear no relation to the ice cap, glinting in the distance, and the ragged rock piles along the coast. We all kept trying to pin a flag to a part of the map, trying to fix ourselves somewhere on the globe, but the vastness of the island, the silent blocks of empty stone, gave us little to go by. The ship was retreating further north, further into the whiteness. We’d had a change of course, and now we were heading straight towards new Thule. The second Thule, the Thule built for the Inuit when they were moved further north.
When the US Military arrived in Greenland in the early 1950s, events moved swiftly. The Inuit were soon led to understand that they couldn’t stay in Thule, the Thule Rasmussen had established, at the foot of the mountain where their ancestors were buried. They were informed that there was a new town waiting for them, a town of purpose-built Scandinavian houses. By these subtle negotiations, a change of location was made persuasive to the Inuit, and they went further north. They had arrived at a still colder place, which they called Qaanaaq in Inuit, or Thule. It was one of the most northerly settlements in the world.
The ship lumbered across the ocean, as the bergs bounced on the waves. There was a strange atmosphere to the evening. The skies darkened and a band of mist stretched across the mountains. There was a dull rumble from the glaciers, rolling across the sea towards the ship. Ellesmere Island stretched away in the distance, a range of white mountains. The ship moved the last miles along the ancient coast bordered by thick white waves, in and out of fjords, with the swell of the sea bullying the boat around, shoving it from left to right. The captain spent every hour on the bridge, dodging the ship around the bergs, which were growing by the day, clustering on the surface of the sea. The waves were harsh on the boat, they slapped the sides, as if they were trying to wake us from this trance-like progress along the coast. I stood on the bridge, with the captain surly in his uniform, staring at the sunset. The night swept across the skies, staining everything dark blue.
I was dimly aware of a worrying noise; it was ice shaving along the sides of the ship, scraping under the hull. The bergs drifted past, rocking on the darkness of the waves. When the ship approached the sea ice, the sound was the first thing I noticed: the distant crash of waves against ice, like breakers on a shore. There was a glow on the horizon, as if the remote slopes of a glacier would soon be visible, bleeding down the sides of a mountain. The ship moved through
the ice, as the frozen chunks collided with each other, grinding under the hull of the ship. When the ship hit a low berg, the decks rose and fell, and a gentle shuddering went through the frame.
The ship sailed through the pack-ice, through a frozen sea. The forms of the ice were infinitely diverse, tinted by the sunlight, creating shades of green and blue, like distant flashing lights. All around lay a glittering expanse, spreading as far as I could see, casting a light into the mist, which hovered above the drifting ice. As the night drew on, the sky became cloudy and hostile, and the ice shapes bucked on the shifting ocean.
The morning was pale, as if the day were on edge. When the sun rose there was a creamy fog sitting on the sea, falling along the deck. But then the sun shone slightly through it, and the fog started to sift itself, rising off the ship.
We were at 77° N and 69° W. The last coils of mist hung on the waves, seeping along the shore. This was new Thule, a settlement arranged in tidy rows, with the more recent housing jumbled at the outskirts, falling out of the plan. The mountains lay under a sky of pink and orange. The harbour was one more pile of rubbish, one of the most northerly piles of rubbish in the world: rows of containers, plastic bags lying neglected on the muddy beach, the remnants of fishing boats, with the dogs forming piles of matted white fur. It was a Thule with a touch of the shakes to it; the drunks were shouting from their windows, stumbling along the roads, swinging umbrellas, rummaging through the supplies stacked by the harbour for bottles of beer.
It was the last stop for the ship and the biologists, the beer-struck Austrian, and the German scientists all stumbled onto the shore.
The Austrian was saying, ‘Is this Thule?’ He tripped on the rocks and almost fell, grabbing at a pile of boxes.
It was a Thule of sorts. This village was one of the most remote places you could find in the north. It was the edge of the world, this land of Greenland; there was little beyond it, only the dark realms around the North Pole. The Inuit of new Thule didn’t exactly live in harmony with their surroundings; some of them worked in Thule Air Base, others were supported by subsidies from the Danish government. There were various elements that were additional, various elements superfluous to the simple conditions of hunting and fishing. The previous day a supply ship had arrived, and the shore was covered with boxes: food, drink, electrical goods, a range of necessities and a few luxuries. Theirs was no longer life lived absolutely in the raw, as it had been in the past. But they barely intruded on the vastness around them. It was one of the most unmediated relationships to nature I had seen. A few mod-cons, a radio and a TV couldn’t persuade the inhabitants that they controlled the environment around them. The mountains rose above the town and Thule sheltered on a slender piece of flat beach, between the empty ice and the empty sea.
I walked along dirt tracks between the wooden houses towards the moraine mountain, the rocks decorated in swirls and spots of colour, shaded red and yellow and brilliant green. The sun formed a band of orange and red above the horizon. As I climbed the rubble mountain above the town, I could look down on a sea of mist, breathing across the settlement, obscuring the small box houses. I walked across the rocks and moss, trying to reach the edge of the ice. The distances were illusory; the ice receded every time I reached another peak. The ice was a white glow on the horizon, merging with the sky and the clouds. As I climbed each low hill I thought the ice would be on the other side, but the other side was another plateau of rocks. A cold wind was gusting across the plain. As I walked closer to the ice cap the plains became like immense fields ploughed roughly by a giant, the furrows too vast to step across; instead I was walking up and down the sides, stumbling on the rocks. I was sweating, though the temperature was below zero, less from exertion than from a sense of nervous hurry. I was desperate to arrive at the ice beyond the rock plains.
Throughout the journey, I had seen the ice cap in the distance, but I had never walked to the edge of the ice. I was cold as I walked and disconcerted by the empty silence. After what seemed like hours, the ice appeared ahead, a long low plain of white and black, rising gradually into the distance. I trod on the ice and it crackled under foot. The surface had formed into ridges; there were peaks jutting out of the ice further away, the bare rock sharply contrasted to the whiteness. This was the emptiness I had sought, and it stretched ahead of me: a crazy beauty, immeasurable and bizarre. It was the ‘other world’ the Victorians had expected in Iceland; I felt as unnerved as early visitors to Iceland had felt, trying to grip their feelings in a few deliberate phrases. This was nature performing its strangest turns; this whitewashed country was nature in a truly bizarre state. I had seen many varieties of northern landscape, but I had never seen nature as astonishing as Greenland. To the extent that Thule was an idea about nature that amazed observers, nature that receded into an overwhelming mist, islands that appeared and then vanished again, then Greenland was a sort of Thule. It was the ice world that had fascinated Nansen; it seemed deadly and strange to him. A scientist might have talked me through it, telling me about the micro-organisms hidden in the ice, the chain of reactions which made even this whiteness part of the breathing of the planet, but under a cold sun I was chilled away from the ice cap, frozen back onto the rocks. Everything seemed distorted by the ice; the distances were impossible to calculate, and the way back passed through a valley of emptiness, with no landmarks available, just miles of rubble.
There was a severity to the beauty which I couldn’t quite get away from. The ice lolled across most of the country, ice so heavy it had forced the land down, creating a vast trough in the middle of the land, reaching to a depth below sea level. Great rifts of ice, formed into black and white stripes, undulating upwards, ice crushed together. The retreat of the glacier had destroyed the lands along the coast, ripping at the mountains, piling thousands of boulders onto the soil. It left a shattered land, littered with moraine debris, miles of discarded stones. More violent than a raging fire, the ice had wasted the coasts. The ice lurked behind every range of mountains, this immense whiteness. The early settlers could make no impact on the land; they faded away, their turf huts destroyed by winds and storms, leaving hardly any traces of their presence.
As I walked back, with the ice glinting behind me, the sun shone brightly. When I turned around the light was glittering across the ice, turning it silver. It looked like a piece of precious metal, gleaming in the sunlight. I kept turning and staring at the silver ice.
I walked back into the settlement of Thule, a settlement swaying from side to side, shouting into the afternoon. The passengers had disappeared; they’d either thrown in their lot with the Inuit or gone back to the ship. A woman followed me along the beach, muttering in Inuit. I tried to talk to her a little in Danish, but she didn’t speak Danish. It was cold in the town; I puffed on my hands as I walked around, feeling my cheeks go numb, the wind blasting at the cracked skin on my hands. No one ever went to Thule; a villager told me that the supply ship only came once a year. And they hadn’t expected our ship at all. ‘Two ships in two days,’ he said. ‘That will be it for the year.’ It was a Thule struggling against the mass of the ice, where the mist was a dynamic and constant presence, changing its forms as the light changed, spilling waves of cloud across the sea, draping itself around the base of the mountains, breathing across the village, through the untidy streets and the stacked-up containers. It was a Thule where the ice shapes drifted on the sea and the temperature plunged as the day drew on.
Talking to someone in the hotel, the hotel with its back against the ice, I had a sudden idea. Someone mentioned a helicopter which flew to Thule Air Base. It was due the next day, though often the weather delayed it for days or weeks. It was ambiguous news, but once I heard about it I knew that I had to get on the helicopter. I ran across the smashed glass, around the matted dog hides. I pulled a dinghy from the shore, and set out towards the ship, forgetting to wear a lifejacket and causing the captain to wave frantically at me from the bridge. I scrambled up the
ladder, and ran along the corridors, bumping into the other passengers. I found the Austrian sitting in the bar, and I said goodbye.
‘You’re going?’ he said, into his whisky and beer. ‘Well, good luck. Farewell.’
I tried to find the captain, but he had disappeared. The first mate was holding the bridge, staring fixedly at the sea, trying to keep the boat away from the drifting piles of ice. ‘I do it because I can, not because I must,’ he was saying through gritted teeth, as I waved goodbye. Then the captain re-emerged, and when I explained he said he understood. ‘If you want to go, you want to go.’ He shrugged. If I wanted to go to Thule Air Base, he would try to arrange something for me, he added. ‘Use the phone. We’ll sort it out,’ he said.
I spent the afternoon calling up American soldiers and embassy officials in Denmark, with the captain laughing furiously at the time I was spending on the bridge. When I had something like a plan I dragged my bag from the ship, and rowed it back to the shore. I dragged it as far as Hotel Qaanaaq, a wooden house with a handful of neat rooms. From the windows there was a view of the ocean and the distant form of the ship. There were no other guests, I was told with a smile. I stuffed my bag into the room, and then I went out to walk along the dust streets.
The Ice Museum Page 27