STEWART BINNS
Crusade
PENGUIN BOOKS
Contents
Introduction
PART ONE: THE FORGOTTEN PRINCE
1 Beyond the Eye of God
2 Kingdom of Rheged
3 All Hallows
PART TWO: THE RIGHTFUL HEIR
4 Abernethy
5 Robert Shortboots
6 Battle of Gerberoi
7 Brothers-in-Arms
8 Atrocity at Gateshead
9 Knighthood
10 Grief at Launceston
11 This Turbulent Priest
PART THREE: ROGER THE GREAT
12 Adela’s Scars
13 Mos Militum
14 Battle of Mazara
15 Mahnoor
16 Vengeance
PART FOUR: BROTHERS AT WAR
17 An Ignominious Death
18 The Anointing
19 Revolt at Rochester
20 Battle of Alnwick
21 Vision of Beauty
22 The Twenty-third Psalm
23 Soldiers of Christ
24 Brethren of the Blood
PART FIVE: FOR GOD’S SAKE
25 The Purple
26 Talisman of Truth
27 Battle of Dorylaeum
28 Wastes of Anatolia
29 Siege of Antioch
30 Besiegers Besieged
31 Jerusalem
32 The Parting
PART SIX: LEGACY
33 Deadly Arrow
34 Treaty of Alton
35 Battle of Tinchebrai
36 Phantom in the Night
EPILOGUE
Testament
Postscript
Coronation Charter of Henry I
Genealogies
Maps
Glossary
Acknowledgements
PENGUIN BOOKS
CRUSADE
Stewart Binns began his professional life as an academic. He then pursued several adventures, including that of a schoolteacher, specializing in history, before becoming an award-winning documentary-maker and latterly an author. His television credits include the ‘In-Colour’ genre of historical documentaries, notably the BAFTA and Grierson winner Britain at War in Colour and the Peabody winner The Second World War in Colour.
He also launched Trans World Sport in 1987, Futbol Mundial in 1993, the International Olympic Commitee Camera of Record in 1994 and the Olympic Television Archive Bureau in 1996.
Currently Chief Executive and co-founder, with his wife Lucy, of the independent production and distribution company Big Ape Media International. His first novel, Conquest, was published in 2011 and is available in Penguin paperback. Crusade is the sequel.
Stewart’s passion is English history, especially its origins and folklore. His home is in Somerset, where he lives with his wife Lucy and twin boys, Charlie and Jack.
www.stewartbinns.com
To Edgar
A forgotten prince, the last of his dynasty, but one of the builders of a new England
To Edward Grant-Ives, 1926–2010
My fatherin-law, a true Englishman
Introduction
The year is 1126, the twentieth year of the reign of Henry Beauclerc, the fourth son of William the Conqueror. He will be the last Norman King of England.
Norman rule in England remains resolute and the country is prospering. However, endless feuds within the Norman hierarchy, especially between the Conqueror’s sons, have brought much strife and bloodshed to England, the British Isles and Europe.
Elsewhere, Christian Europe has become obsessed by Jerusalem and the Islamic lordship of the Holy Land. The First Crusade had been launched in 1095 and, amidst much brutality, led to the capture of Jerusalem in July 1099. After 700 years of slumber, a new Europe is asserting itself and the price paid for this by many tens of thousands is exacted in blood.
And yet, even in the midst of the worst of the mayhem of internecine bloodletting and religious fanaticism, the hope still flickers among many that peace and liberty are attainable.
A new code of ethical behaviour begins to emerge, in part influenced by the moral qualities of Islam, known as the Mos Militum – the Code of Knights. Honour, truthfulness, courage, martial prowess, pride in the face of superiors, humility in the face of inferiors and protection of the weak – women, children and the old – all are becoming cherished virtues among the warrior classes.
Epic sagas of heroic feats from the past flourish. The highly popular Chansons de Geste and 1001 Arabian Nights tell of great and worthy deeds and inspire young warriors to lead better lives. There is even the beginning of a highly romanticized view of women. Previously excluded from military ideals, the notion of Courtly Love has emerged, where women are idealized and knights strive to impress them rather than possess them.
It is the dawn of the Age of Chivalry.
PART ONE
The Forgotten Prince
1. Beyond the Eye of God
The scriptorium of Malmesbury Abbey is in the middle of a long working day, a day that begins at five in the morning and does not end until vespers in the evening. Over twenty monks are zealously transcribing and illustrating the great books of the day, including those of Abbot William, the leader of Malmesbury’s Benedictine community and widely regarded as the wisest man in England.
Although the scene is a picture of intense toil, except for the gentle scratch of quill on vellum, it is conducted in reverential silence.
The monks of Malmesbury are the guardians of the finest library in northern Europe. They are engaged in the vital work of transcribing the precious word of God and the entire fruits of human knowledge. Their labours will become a major part of the heritage of these times.
Outside the abbey cloisters the burgh of Malmesbury bustles and flourishes noisily with the din of the commerce of urban life. An ancient settlement resting on an easily defended flat-topped hill, its celebrated springs have attracted settlers for hundreds of years.
In the heart of Wessex, Malmesbury had been a jewel in the crown of Anglo-Saxon England. With the arrival of the Normans sixty years ago it was one of the first English burghs to come under direct Norman rule. In 1118, Roger of Salisbury, Chancellor to King Henry I, seized Malmesbury and brought it under his bishopric at Salisbury. He immediately began to rebuild the abbey and the burgh’s walls in stone, a process which is still much in evidence.
The burgh is typical of England under the Normans – at least, in the prosperous southern earldoms. It is thriving in an uneasy, pragmatic truce between the ruling Normans and the defeated and dispossessed English. As is often the case in conquered lands, the victors offer sufficient wealth and opportunity to important parts of the native community to persuade them to cooperate with the new regime. Some call it treason, others cowardice, yet others common sense.
William of Malmesbury’s great work, Gesta Regum Anglorum, a history of the kings of England, had been completed in 1122, but he is still adding accounts, anecdotes and stories to the vast wealth of knowledge in the abbey.
Sadly, his eyesight is failing him and he relies more and more on the support of the brightest of his young acolytes, Roger of Caen, an intellectually gifted and enthusiastic young Norman, the second son of a nobleman.
William, a tall, stooping figure looking every inch a learned ecclesiast in his black habit, summons Roger into the cloister.
‘We must journey to the North.’
‘Why, Abbot? It is a wasteland …’
‘Recently, a Norse trader from Northumbria brought me an interesting story. What do you think became of Prince Edgar the Atheling?’
‘He must be dead by now.’
‘Well, the Norseman tells me he’s alive and living in a remote hamlet, high in the Pennines.’<
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‘Do you think such a journey is wise when winter is well nigh upon us?’
‘Perhaps not … but the chance to meet the rightful heir to the English throne is a rare opportunity, and too fortuitous to miss.’
‘You English, you never give in! His time passed him by sixty years ago. If he is still alive he must be in his dotage by now.’
‘Nevertheless … Choose three or four good men, and make sure they are handy with a sword. We leave after prayers in the morning.’
As William’s small party of monks journeys northwards, England’s countryside changes from a thriving kingdom of southern shires, where another rich harvest has been safely gathered in, to mile upon mile of grim desolation.
At Gloucester, Worcester and Chester they see new Norman strongholds in all their grandeur. Massive stone keeps are replacing wooden mottes and baileys, modest Saxon cathedrals are being rebuilt on impressive Romanesque lines. Normans and Englishmen mix freely; this new England is a land transformed. However, north of Chester, settlements become more and more sporadic and in places where people are to be found, they live in little more than hovels and endure a pitiful existence.
In the southern earldoms, people speak only of the memories of the massacres committed by William the Conqueror in his Harrying of the North of nearly sixty years ago. But in the North, the nightmare is still real.
After crossing the Mersey, William decides to make several detours down minor routes, both east and west. Away from the main road to Scotland, a route which runs north through Preston and Lancaster where a thin band of normal life is upheld by the vigilance of Norman garrisons, lie huge tracts of ravaged land. Rapidly being consumed by nature, decades of backbreaking toil to clear forests, plough fields and build villages will, in another generation, be wasted. Prime farming land will become nothing more than wilderness.
The western side of the Pennines is the most impoverished of all. In the east, the strategic route to Scotland and the importance of York and Durham mean that the Normans have been careful to rebuild and resettle. In the west, little has changed since the murder and destruction of 1069.
So complete is the devastation and killing in the remote parts of the hinterland that no one is left to bury the dead. Bodies, now no more than sun-bleached skeletons wrapped in rotting fragments of clothing, are still lying where tens of thousands of people were massacred in their villages.
William is deep in thought; there are tears in his eyes, his knuckles white as he grasps his reins in anguish.
‘I have read all the accounts of the Conqueror’s dreadful deeds in this land, but words cannot describe the true horror of this. It is to be hoped that he is now suffering at the hand of God for what he has done here.’
Roger has been fortunate in life. His has been the sheltered existence of a cleric since childhood; he has never witnessed anything like this before.
‘So, it is true. He really was a monster.’
‘Yes, he was a ruthless tyrant, like many of your countrymen.’
‘We are not all like him.’
‘I know, my son, but my father was a Norman, so I know that a love of war and a penchant for avarice fire the Norman blood.’
Both men say silent prayers as they pass every example of the brutality committed a lifetime ago.
There is still a small community on the hill at Lancaster, where a heavily armed garrison of the King’s men is overseeing the building of a stone keep, but the only civilians are a few souls marooned in service to the garrison and the masons. Most of the old burgh is in ruins, its simple wooden buildings burned to the ground, its small Saxon stone church gutted, its roof timbers charred and decaying.
William and Roger make camp beneath the walls of Lancaster’s keep. It is a cold night and their men build a large fire for them.
Roger is in pensive mood.
‘Abbot, why is it always the innocent who suffer?’
‘War is like a tempest; no one is safe. When a storm rages in the hearts of men, it consumes everything in its path. Like peasants’ hovels in a gale, it is the little people who are the most vulnerable.’
‘I’m glad we have the walls of Malmesbury and our Holy Orders to protect us.’
‘Don’t be too complacent, my young friend. If the winds are powerful enough, neither stout walls nor a monk’s heavy cassock will keep you safe. Both can prove flimsy in the midst of the tumults made by men.’
‘Thank you for that comforting thought, Abbot.’ Roger smiles wryly before another blast of cold air reminds him how uncomfortable he is. ‘This prince, Edgar … what kind of man is he?’
‘He is intriguing – enigmatic, shrewd, obviously a survivor. He has lived a very long life and is the only senior figure from the time of the Conquest still alive. He knew two Kings of England – Edward and Harold – and he was at York with Hereward of Bourne when the great English rebellion looked like it might succeed. And that was only the beginning of his story.
‘He befriended King William’s firstborn, Robert Curthose. He fought in Sicily and the Crusades, and stood with Robert at the Battle of Tinchebrai. What stories he can tell us!’
Roger stares at his mentor admiringly.
‘Well, if you put it like that, I suppose it’s a journey worth making.’ Then he adds, with rather less enthusiasm, ‘I just wish it wasn’t so far north and so bitterly cold.’
When they reach the settlement of Sedbergh, they find another tiny enclave of normality. Previously a flourishing village, it is now no more than a few makeshift shelters; the once-proud Anglo-Norse inhabitants have been reduced to a wretched vestige of humanity. Many are sick, some are lame, and all look pale and undernourished. Their clothes are little better than rags, few wear leggings and most walk barefoot.
William decides to stay for a while to help the community find some purpose. He puts his men to work, trying to make the meagre dwellings more habitable, while he and Roger strive to inspire the locals to help themselves. One young man, no more than a boy of sixteen or seventeen, seems the most vigorous, and William takes him to one side.
‘How many people are there here?’
‘Sire, about twenty in the village and another dozen or so in the hills around us.’
‘Where is your priest, or your thegn? Don’t you have a lord?’
‘There is no one. We are all from different villages. Our parents settled here a few years ago, after spending years hiding in the forests and on the fells. No one has claimed the village, so we came here to try to rebuild it.’
‘What is your name?’
‘Aldric, Abbot.’
‘Where are your parents now?’
‘They are dead. All the original settlers are dead. Last winter was very harsh, and many died. A group of younger men went down the valley in the spring to look for work, but we never saw them again. So, this is all that’s left – old men and women, a few children and four or five of us who are reasonably fit and well.’
‘Why haven’t you left?’
‘Because it’s our duty to stay; they would all die if we left.’
‘I admire your courage and sacrifice. Gather together the fit members of the community; I want to talk to them.’
Young Aldric summons two other young men, as well as three girls in their teens. William sits them down in the middle of the village and addresses them.
‘I am claiming possession of this village under the ownership of the Abbey of Malmesbury.’
There is an immediate look of horror on the faces of Aldric and his companions, but William is quick to reassure them.
‘My abbey will not be taxing you – at least, not until you can easily afford it. I will give you silver to buy seed, a couple of oxen and a plough, and sufficient to buy some sheep and cows. Tomorrow, Roger and one of my men will ride back to Lancaster to buy food to get you through the approaching winter.’
William is heartened when he sees the horror on the faces in front of him transformed into an expression of astonishmen
t.
‘I am appointing Aldric as Thegn of Sedbergh, which I will have confirmed by King Henry at Winchester upon my return to Malmesbury. The rest of you are appointed elders of the village on my authority. Are there any questions?’
There is a stunned silence.
‘Tomorrow we will help you build a longhouse for the village, where you can all stay warm together in the winter. We won’t leave until it is finished. When it is complete, I will bless it and we will say mass together. In a few months’ time, when I find the right candidate, I will send you a priest from Malmesbury and together you can build him a church.’
Aldric bends down to kiss William’s ring, but the Abbot pulls him up, embarrassed at the overt show of gratitude. However, he’s not agile enough to prevent the girls, overcome by emotion, kneeling at his feet to bury their heads in his cassock.
Roger, seeing William’s unease at this outpouring of gratitude, catches William’s eye and grins at him mockingly.
‘Away to Lancaster with you,’ roars the Abbot. ‘And be quick about it!’
Ten days later, the longhouse finished and the village given a spark of life, William and his party head north to Appleby on the river Eden and begin to ascend the fells of the high Pennines towards Kirby Thore and the old Roman fort of Bravoniacum.
As they leave Sedbergh behind, Roger turns to Abbot William.
‘Will they prosper?’ he asks.
‘I think so. They’ve been through a lot and are strong people; they just needed a little bit of inspiration. We will keep an eye on them.’
Roger smiles to himself. He knows he has a lot to learn and that William will be an inspiring teacher.
There is a similar scene of poverty and destitution in Appleby. The old village is in ruins, save for a single ale and mead house run by Wotus, a crusty old Northumbrian, and his family, whose Anglo-Norse language William has difficulty understanding. Wotus makes just enough to survive by serving the itinerant charcoal-burners and lead-miners who come to his house once a week to drink themselves stupid and stare longingly at his comely daughters.
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