The Fall of Paris

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The Fall of Paris Page 61

by Alistair Horne


  Bry, 151, 153

  Buffet, balloonist, 125

  Bugeaud, Marshal, 47–48, 72

  Burnside, General, 71, 239

  Busch, Dr. Moritz, 21, 152, 196–7, 201, 204, 231, 239, 264

  Buzenval, 224, 231–5, 242

  Cannon, manufacture of, 134

  Canrobert, Marshal, 11, 41

  Carlyle, Thomas, 38, 163, 293

  Carnarvon, Earl of, 170, 202, 205, 250

  Carter, Charlie, 103, 198

  Cassagnac, Paul de, 98

  Castiglione, Comtesse de, 17–18, 30

  Castor and Pollux, elephants, slaughter of, 179

  Cavour, 22

  Châlons-sur-Marne, 44, 47, 49–50

  Chambord, Comte de, 28

  Champigny, 151, 153

  Chanzy, General, 157, 190, 206, 224, 235, 273

  Charles, Professor, 121

  Chassepots, 41–42, 99, 272

  Chastel, M., 372, 381, 391

  Château-Thierry-sur-Marne, 75

  Châtillon plateau, 63, 76–80, 102, 137 143, 211–12

  Chaudey, Gustave, 237, 355, 388

  Child, Edwin, x, 8, 25, 39, 46, 54, 59, 66, 86, 95, 124, 149, 166, 180, 185, 196, 216, 226–30, 241, 247, 250, 253, 277, 282, 308, 312, 323–4, 347–9, 352, 357–9, 366–7, 369, 388, 390, 402–3, 413, 421, 426

  Choisy-le-Roi, 78, 156

  Churchill, Winston, x, 427

  Cipriani, 310

  Cissey, General, 324–5, 367, 371, 397–8, 400

  Claremont, Colonel, 168

  Clarendon, Lord, 34

  Clarétie, Jules, 113, 119, 144, 238, 242

  Clemenceau, Georges, x, 107, 235, 256, 271–3, 282–4, 287, 300 n., 305

  Clinchant, General, 347, 367, 371, 377, 380, 382, 384, 400

  Cluseret, Gustave-Paul, 206, 345; delegated to Ministry of War, 312–13, 317; early career of, 315–16; character and appearance, 316–17; army reforms of, 318–19; criticism of, over Fort Issy and Neuilly, 325; arrested, 326; obtains permit for Washburne to visit Archbishop of Paris, 353; tried and released, 364; escape from France, and return, 424–5

  Cœuilly 153, 155, 157

  Collet, officer, 343

  Combat, Le, 89–90, 107, 132, 238, 297

  Commune of Paris, problems posed by, 15; emergence of, 15, 281 ff., 290; Comité Central of the Twenty Arrondissements, 92, 283; Comité Central de la Garde Nationale, 268, 275, 278 ff., 292, 374; spread of, 287; definition of, 291–4; components of, 294 ff.; Parisian life under, 304–6; military set-backs of, 309–14, 319–26; ‘Law of Hostages’, 311, 313, 353, 375; internal friction among, 330, 332–3, 342–3, 346, 352, 375; legislation by, 330–1, 364; ‘testament’ of, 331–2; Committee of Public Safety, 333–4, 346, 375, 376, 398; shaping of final image of, 334 ff.; dictatorship triumphs over democracy, 346, 348; crisis approaches, 348; suppression of newspapers by, 348; fear of growing excesses by, 352; arranges great open-air concert, 361; final confrontation with Versailles forces, 362 ff.; confusion among, 374–5; burning of Paris by, 385; last days of, 398 ff.; left leaderless, 402; last headquarters of, 409; final proclamation of, 410; end of, 413, 420; ‘expiation’ of Communards, 414 ff.; escapes by Communards, 424–6; effects of, on world structure, 428–33

  Cook, Thomas, 421

  Cordier, Madame, 217–18

  Cormack, Dr. John Rose, 170, 304

  Coulmiers, 140–2, 178

  Courbet, Gustave, 298, 331–2, 350, 422

  Courbevoie, 307, 311

  Cournet, Prefect of Police, 336

  Crémieux, Gaston, 55–56, 70, 83, 139, 207, 261, 314

  Cresson, Chief of Police, 93, 119

  Créteil, 226–7

  Cuzon, balloonist, 130

  Da Costa, Gaston, 331, 338, 349, 388, 393, 395, 423

  Dagron, photographer, 128

  Daily News, 67, 105, 129, 165, 195, 257, 262, 329, 382, 392, 406

  Daily Telegraph, 158

  Darboy, Mgr., Archbishop of Paris, 337–9, 353–5, 370–1, 375, 393, 395–7, 421, 423–4

  Daudet, Alphonse, 272, 358, 407, 412, 417

  Daumier, 29

  De Cary, Langle, 233

  Degas, 253, 427

  Deguerry, Abbé, 337–8, 396

  Delescluze, Charles, 28, 32, 55, 91, 109–11, 118–19, 223, 327, 333, 338, 342–3, 400, 432; succeeds Rossel, 344; character and appearance of, 345; incorruptibility of, 345; the king Jacobin, 345; issues Order of the Day, 346; ignorance of military matters, 346; receives news of Versailles entry, 364; issues call to the barricades, 365; during final days, 387, 390, 398, 400; hears of Archbishop’s death, 396; death of, 401

  Delesvaux, Judge, 335

  Dilke, Sir Charles, 67, 163

  Dimitrieff, Elizabeth, 297–9, 379, 401, 425

  Dombrowski, Jaroslaw, 299, 318–19, 329, 340–1, 347, 357, 364, 366, 369, 376, 380, 387

  Doré, Gustave, 153

  Dorian, Minister of Works, 64, 111, 115, 118–19, 134, 235–6

  Douay, General Abel, 43, 363–4, 367, 380–2, 384, 400

  Du Camp, Maxime, 71, 83, 257 n.

  Ducatel, engineer, 363–4, 420

  Ducrot, General, 51–52, 77–78, 84, 105, 114–15, 119, 169, 189–90, 193, 222–3, 229–33, 253, 314, 426; Basse-Seine plan of, 137–8, 141–3; in Great Sortie, 150 ff.

  Du Mesnil, 241

  Durouf, balloonist, 83, 123, 125

  Duval, 269, 286, 301, 309, 311, 315

  Duvernois, Clément, 65

  Edward VII, King, 205 n.

  Ems Telegram, 37

  Epinay, 156–7

  Eudes, 47, 56, 119, 286, 301, 309, 315, 317, 329, 340, 409

  Eugénie, Empress, 11, 19–20, 33, 36, 38, 43, 49–50, 53, 56–58, 158, 167, 187 425

  Evans, Dr. Thomas, 58, 174–5

  Exea, General d’, 155–6

  Faidherbe, General, 190, 193, 201, 206

  Faneau, Dr., 404

  Faron, General, 269

  Favre, Jules, 29, 115, 130, 141, 190, 196, 274; demands arming of Paris faubourgs, 46–47; calls for Emperor’s abdication, 53; and proclamation of Republic, 55–56; calls on Trochu to join, 56; appointed Vice-President, 57; physical appearance of, 70; on Trochu, 71; seeks peace terms with Bismarck, 81–82, 91; fear of bal-loon flights, 84; on Tamisier, 94; Flourens’s contempt for, 98; disperses ‘Reds’, 100; threat to kill, 117; negotiates armistice, 235, 239–41, 268; refusal to negotiate with insurgents, 280; seeks permission to increase Regular Army, 314

  Ferré, Théophile, 57, 271, 287, 299, 301, 335–6, 364, 395, 410, 412, 422–3

  Ferrières, 81–82, 91, 196

  Ferry, Jules, 70, 98, 115–16, 118–19, 247, 249, 266, 274–5

  Figaro, Le, 36, 38, 68, 88, 180, 304, 414

  Flaubert, Gustave, 17, 28, 39, 83

  Fleury, Comte 13

  Flourens, Gustave, opinion of Tamisier, 94; early career, 97–98; character and appearance, 98; impatience with Trochu Government, 98–99; in first demonstration, 99; takes no part in second demonstration, 100; informed of proposed surrender of Metz, 107; in ‘Black Monday’ uprising, 109–19; arrest of, 160–1; released, 237; death, 310; romantic idealism of, 315

  Foch, Ferdinand, 43, 429

  Fonvielle, Arthur de, 225

  Forbes, Archibald, 105, 165, 195, 201, 210, 217, 248, 262, 264

  Fortin, officer, 395–6

  Fourichon, Admiral, 83

  Franchetti, Colonel, 157

  François, prison governor, 395, 408–9, 423

  Frankel, Leo, 297, 331, 401, 429

  Franklin, Benjamin, 122

  Franz-Josef, Emperor of Austria, 13

  Frederick, Crown Prince, 75–76, 79, 81, 105, 143, 165, 197–8, 202–6, 208, 211, 218, 231, 240, 262

  Frederick-Charles, Prince, 74, 76, 106, 146, 157, 160, 200

  Freemasons, 362

  Freycinet, Charles de, 139–40, 146

  ‘Friends of Order’, 285, 306

  Frontin, ex-Superintendent, 116–18

  Gallifet, Marquis de, 17, 51–52
, 217, 306, 310, 406–7, 419, 426

  Gallifet, Marquise de, 17

  Gambetta, Léon, 39, 70, 100, 222, 316; defends Delescluze, 32; proclaims Republic, 56; as Minister of the Interior, 57; contrasted with Trochu, 72; reaction to Bismarck’s ‘peace’ demands, 82; character and appearance, 84; his balloon flight, 84–85, 125, 138–9; proclaims Bazaine a traitor, 106; takes over Ministry of War, 139; organizes campaign from Tours, 139–41; receives news of capture of Epinay, 156–7; defeated by Frederick-Charles, 160; opportunities missed by, 201; beset by troubles, 205 ff.; evacuates to Bordeaux, 206; tries to set up Garibaldi-Bourbaki campaign, 207–8, 223; enraged by armistice, 243; position in elections, 254 n., 256; resigns, 259; organizes subscription for Communard fugitives, 424; introduces amnesty bill, 424

  Garde Civique 95

  Garde Mobile, 42, 47, 62, 78, 109–10, 115–17, 237–8, 268, 306

  Garde Nationale, see National Guard

  Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 12, 206–8, 256, 258

  Garibaldi, Menotti, 207

  Garibaldi, Ricciotti, 207

  Gamier, ‘General’, 305

  Garnier-Pagès, 70, 112

  Gaulois, Le, 304

  Gautier, Théophile, 4, 28, 126, 172, 176, 178, 214, 286, 420, 421

  Gibson, Reverend W., 265, 277, 282, 292, 305, 311–12, 323, 331, 344, 348, 351, 356, 358–60, 365, 371, 379–80, 389–90, 404, 415, 422, 427

  Gill, André, 279

  Gladstone, W. E., 163–4, 166, 169, 390. See also Great Britain

  Glais-Bizoin, 83

  Gleisner, Louis, 250

  Godard, Eugène, balloonist, 123, 125–6

  Gois, Emile, 409–10

  Goncourt, Edmond de, x, 7, 17, 23, 25–26, 28, 39, 46, 54, 56–57, 59, 64–65, 67, 72, 78–79, 87, 96, 113, 143, 150, 152, 158, 160, 167, 173, 176, 179, 184–5, 187–8, 213–14, 216, 220, 222, 229, 230, 241, 252, 254, 259, 265, 273, 278–80, 292, 294, 307, 312–13, 319, 320, 322, 340, 358, 360–1, 365, 369, 378, 382–3, 389–90, 405, 415, 420, 422, 426

  Goncourt, Jules de, 7, 17–19, 23, 25–26, 28

  Gounod, Charles, 10

  Gramont, Duc de, 36

  Granville, Lord, 35–36, 81, 164, 261

  Gravelotte, 45, 49

  Great Britain, relations with Paris, 38, 73, 81–82, 107, 162–6, 248–9, 417

  Great Exhibition, 3–13, 31, 37, 61–62, 83, 123, 387

  Great Sortie, the, 149–61, 225–6, 229

  Groeben, General von der, 190

  Grousset, Paschal, 298, 335, 422, 424

  Guizot, 22

  Hanrion, General, 104, 269

  Harper, Martin, 250

  Harrison, Frederic, 313

  Haussmann, 4, 23, 25–26, 111, 294, 375

  Hautpoul, General d’, 239

  Herbert, Dr. Alan, 69, 170, 175, 180, 183, 213, 250, 253, 282, 367, 369, 372, 374, 376, 381, 392, 426

  Herbert Auberon, 250

  Hérisson, Captain d’, 69, 99–100, 112, 226, 232–3, 239–40, 265

  Hertford, 4th Marquis of, 167

  Hindersin, General von, 203

  Hoff, Sergeant Ignatius, 136, 157, 251–2

  Hoffman, Wickham, 8, 13, 90, 180, 184, 208, 219, 236, 253, 287, 354–5, 358 n. 363–4, 370, 386, 392, 403–4

  Hugo, Victor, 28, 58, 73, 89, 109–10, 120, 125, 127, 134, 147, 177, 179, 187–8, 222, 236, 256, 259, 273, 297, 351, 422, 426

  Hungarian uprising of 1956, comparison with, 306

  Ibos, Major, 114–15

  Illustrated London News, 36–37, 44, 107, 157, 163, 360, 428

  Ireland attitude to France of, 38

  Issy, Fort, 188, 202–3, 211–12, 225, 242, 324–6, 329, 339–42, 360, 362

  Jacobins, 29, 295–7, 333–4, 342, 345–6, 349–50

  Jecker, banker, 355, 408–9

  Joffre, Marshal, x, 49

  Johannard, Lieutenant, 97, 332

  John, Augustus, 425

  Jourde, 283, 302, 412, 422, 424

  Justice, La, 346

  Kératry, Prefect of Police, 101, 107

  Khrushchev, 306

  Krantz, engineer, 151

  Krupp, Alfred, 4–5, 41–42, 76, 129, 204, 210, 217

  Labouchere, Henry, 66–67, 86, 88–89, 93, 101, 104, 108, 111, 132, 135–6, 142, 159, 166, 169–70, 173–5, 178, 180–1, 183, 185–8, 192, 215, 221–2, 232, 236, 252–4, 261, 427

  Lacaze, balloonist, 243

  La Cécilia, 371

  Lachaise, ‘the woman’, 393

  La Charrière, 157

  Ladmirault, 347, 371, 378–9, 411

  Lafargue, 425

  Lagarde, Abbé, 354–5

  Lamazou, Abbé, 410

  Lambert, Juliette, 29, 59, 80, 89, 102, 107, 116, 142, 150, 152, 174, 179, 191, 193, 213, 216, 219, 230, 234, 252, 262

  Langourian, General, 371

  Lanterne, La, 32

  La Païva, 18, 68

  Lebœuf, Marshal, 42

  Le Bourget, 103–8, 190–3, 227

  Lecomte, General, 269–73, 274, 423

  Ledru-Rollin 28

  Le Flô, General, 115, 274–5, 328

  Lefrançais, 301

  Le Mans, 206, 235

  Lenin, x, 302–3, 430–3

  Leningrad, Siege of, 1941, comparisons with, 66 n., 70, 79, 89, 91, 186, 217, 221, 229, 244

  Leopold of Sigmaringen, Prince, 36

  Lepelletier, Edmond, 309, 403

  Leperche, Colonel, 325 n., 339

  Le plan Trochu, see under Trochu

  Lessees, Ferdinand de, 159

  Lisbonne, 380, 398, 401

  Lolive, 396, 424

  Lôme, Dupuy de, 126

  Longuet, Charles, 119, 330, 332, 425

  Louis-Napoleon, Emperor, at the Great Exhibition, 5; love of masked balls, 16, 432; sexual potency of, 19–20; character, 20–22, 41; physical appearance, 20–21; social reforms of, 24, 294; resentment of workers against, 27; opposition to, 27–30; England and, 30; Italy and, 30; downfall of, 31–34; last up-swing of popularity, 35; pushed towards war, 36–38; at Bad Ems, 36–37; military ability of, 41; in Franco-Prussian war, 43 ff.; hands over command, 44; calls Châlons Conference, 47; final fall of, 49, 52–53, 75; and Marquis of Hertford, 167; last years of, in England, 425

  Lowndes, Bessy, 64

  Lullier, 281, 286, 309, 312, 315, 422

  Lutz, balloonist, 124

  Lyon brothers, 249, 267

  Lyons, Lord, 34, 66–67, 75, 81, 168–9, 249–50, 261, 265, 278, 280–2, 300, 323, 354, 390

  McKean, Secretary, 305, 345, 395

  MacMahon, Marshal, 41, 43–45, 49–51, 53, 314, 324, 378, 398, 399–400, 403, 408, 410–11, 413, 419–20, 426

  Malmaison, 138, 143, 231

  Malon, Benoit, 237, 297, 342, 379

  Manceau, balloonist, 130

  Manchester Guardian, 65, 106, 122

  Manet, 17, 19, 29, 36, 253, 294, 427

  Manteuffel, General von, 193, 208, 243

  Markheim, Henry, 183, 212, 218–19

  Marne, River, 75, 137, 143–4, 151, 156, 160, 230

  Marseilles, 314

  Marx, Karl, x, 6, 27, 94–95, 163, 278, 291–7, 302–3, 313, 332 n., 337 n., 358, 390 n., 415, 425, 429–31

  Mathilde, Princess, 28

  Maximilian I, Emperor of Mexico, 12, 31

  Mayer, Captain Simon, 271–2

  Meaux, Vicomte de, 259

  Mégy, Ensign, 97, 258, 429

  Mérimée, Prosper, 8, 10, 39, 46–47, 58, 91, 94, 420

  Metz, 40, 42, 44–45, 48, 53, 74, 76, 106–7, 122, 139, 199, 202, 258, 429

  Michel, Louise, 28, 57, 237–8, 270–1, 278, 298–9, 319, 357, 379, 408, 413, 423, 425

  Micheler, General, 42–43

  Microphotography, first use of in war, 128

  Mill, John Stuart, 417

  Millière, Jean-Baptiste, 55, 110, 119, 256, 404

  Miot, Jules, 333

  Mitrailleuses, 41–42, 192, 281, 371, 403

  Moll, Ernest, 142

  Moltke, Field-Marshal von, 40–41, 43, 45, 52�
�53, 72, 74–76, 129, 143, 152, 160, 189, 196, 198–9, 203–5, 210–12, 214, 240

  Monet, 253, 427

  Montauban, General de, see Palikao

  Montgolfier, balloonist, 121

  Montretout, 231, 233, 363

  Montrouge, Fort, 202, 212, 227

  Mont-Valérien, Fort, 63, 231, 234, 281 309–10 312 322–3 351

  Morisot, Berthe, 253

  Morning Post, 67–68

  Morny, Duc de, 7 17 21–22 33 411

  Motte Rouge, General de la, 140

  Mottu, Mayor, 282

  Moulin-Saquet, 339

  Moulton, Lillie, 38, 171, 269, 285–7, 334–5, 347, 406

  Nadar, balloonist, 122–3, 125

  Napoleon, Prince (‘Plon-Plon’), 47

  National Guard, 65, 69, 80, 185, 223, 260, 284–5; formation of, 54; Republican sympathies in, 54–55, 92; contempt felt for Garde Mobile by, 62; growth of, 93–94; function of, during Siege, 95; activities of, during Siege, 95–97, 178, 182; demand for a sortie, 99–100; during ‘Black Monday’ disturbances, 108–9; ‘loyal’ battalions called to arms, 114–15; in the Great Sortie, 149, 153 ff.; in further actions against Prussians, 191–2, 225–34; bourgeois views of, 229; in action against Regular Army, 268 ff., 311–12, 317 ff., 329–30, 340–1, 367, 375 ff., 411-12; split by Cluseret into active and sedentary battalions, 318; absentees from, 329 n.

  Neuilly, 64, 308, 319–22, 347, 367

  Neverlée, Captain de, 115, 157

  Niel, Marshal, 42

  Noble, Edward, 391, 414

  Noir, Victor, 298

  Offenbach, Jacques, 9, 17

  Ollivier, Émile, 33, 35–36, 46, 48, 70

  Orléans, 140, 146, 160, 189–90, 200, 205

  Orsini, 28, 70

  Orwell, George, 186 n.

  O’Shea, journalist, 87, 103, 108, 112, 133, 149, 152, 177, 179, 182–3, 192–3, 204, 210–11, 214, 219, 231, 234, 236, 250, 253, 263

  Palikao, Comte de, 46, 48–50, 53, 56, 58, 63

  Pall Mall Gazette, 127

  PARIS: Americans in, 171–5, 184, 369, 406 armistice with Prussia, reception of, 241–3 bombardment of, 203–5, 212–18, 322–3 Britons in, 66, 72–73, 166–71, 183–4, 249–50, 369, 406 burning of, 385 ff.; list of buildings, 389–90 casualties in, 217, 221, 234, 244, 265, 418 clothing shortages, 220–1 daily life in, 39, 61, 86 ff., 216, 304–6, 358–61 disease in, 136, 221 drunkenness in, 95–96 elections in, 255, 288 food prices, 66, 181–3, 248 food supplies, 65–66, 134, 136, 176–86, 221–2, 239–40, 247–51, 359 fortifications, 62 ff., 69–70, 329 fuel supplies, 136, 219–20 inventions and ideas, 131–4, 356 medical organizations, 172–5, 320 morale, 103, 135–6, 188, 211, 251–2 pastimes and entertainments in, 186–8, 305, 359–61 prostitution in, 185 rats, 178–9 recovery of, 420–2

 

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