Habeas Data_Privacy vs. The Rise of Surveillance Tech

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Habeas Data_Privacy vs. The Rise of Surveillance Tech Page 35

by Cyrus Farivar


  In an even stranger incident: Amy Sylvestri, “City Settles in Cops Targeting Gays Lawsuit,” San Leandro Times, October 31, 2013. Available at: https://web.archive.org/​web/​20160309205534/​http://ebpublishing.com/​index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6894%3Acity-settles-in-cops-targeting-gays-lawsuit-&catid=50%3Asan-leandro-news&Itemid=131.

  In 2007, San Leandro: “San Leandro, CA Police Taser Wrongful Death Settlement,” Lawyers and Settlements, June 7, 2007. Available at: http://www.lawyersand​settlements.com/​settlements/​08342/​police-taser-death.html.

  In 2015, Baltimore, Maryland: Keith L. Alexander, “Baltimore Reaches $6.4 Million Settlement with Freddie Gray’s Family,” The Washington Post, September 8, 2015. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/​local/​crime/​baltimore-reaches-64-million-settlement-with-freddie-grays-family/​2015/​09/​08/​80b2c092-5196-11e5-8c19-0b6825aa4a3a_story.html.

  In 2017, St. Anthony, Minnesota: Sarah Horner, “Philando Castile Family Reaches $3M Settlement in Death,” Twin Cities, June 26, 2017. Available at: http://www.twin-cities.com/​2017/​06/​26/​philando-castile-family-reaches-3m-settlement-in-death/​.

  Also in 2017, Ferguson, Missouri: Paul LeBlanc, “Settlement Reached in Michael Brown Civil Lawsuit,” CNN, June 20, 2017. Available at: http://www.cnn.com/​2017/​06/​20/​us/​michael-brown-settlement-ferguson/​index.html.

  But like LPRs: Elizabeth Atkins, “#Blacklivesrecorded,” Unpublished Thesis, Thomas Jefferson School of Law, 2016. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3894162-SSRN-id2803588.html#document/​p12/​a362822.

  Even now, a Silicon Valley startup: Cyrus Farivar, “Meet Visual Labs, A Body Camera Startup That Doesn’t Sell Body Cameras,” Ars Technica, September 3, 2016. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2016/​09/​meet-visual-labs-a-body-camera-startup-that-doesnt-sell-body-cameras/​.

  However, facial recognition doesn’t: Cyrus Farivar, “Boston Police Chief: Facial Recognition Tech Didn’t Help Find Bombing Suspects,” Ars Technica, April 21, 2013. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2013/​04/​boston-police-chief-facial-recognition-tech-didnt-help-find-bombing-suspects/​.

  Even the 2013 Boston bombing suspects: David Montgomery, Sari Horwitz, and Marc Fisher, “Police, citizens and technology factor into Boston bombing probe,” The Washington Post, April 20, 2013. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/​world/​national-security/​inside-the-investigation-of-the-boston-marathon-bombing/​2013/​04/​20/​19d8c322-a8ff-11e2-b029-8fb7e977ef71_story.html?utm_term=.0a608ddee0e3.

  Although, algorithms: Cyrus Farivar, “Facebook’s Facial Recognition Will One Day Find You, Even While Facing Away,” Ars Technica, June 24, 2015. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​business/​2015/​06/​facebooks-facial-recognition-will-one-day-find-you-even-while-facing-away/​.

  In October 2016, Georgetown researchers: “The Perpetual Line Up Center on Privacy and Technology at…,” Georgetown Law Center on Privacy & Technology, October 2016. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3896102-The-Perpetual-Line-Up-Center-on-Privacy-and.html.

  To take one example: Declan McCullagh, “Call It Super Bowl Face Scan I,” Wired, 2001. Available at: https://www.wired.com/​2001/​02/​call-it-super-bowl-face-scan-i/​.

  Georgetown professor Alvaro Bedoya: Committee to Review Law Enforcement’s Policies on Facial Recognition Technology, Full House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, March 22, 2017. Available at: https://oversight.house.gov/​hearing/​law-enforcements-use-facial-recognition-technology/​.

  They found that such systems: Clare Frankle, “Facial-Recognition Software Might Have a Racial Bias Problem,” The Atlantic, April 7, 2016. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/​technology/​archive/​2016/​04/​the-underlying-bias-of-facial-recognition-systems/​476991/​#article-comments.

  For now, the most prominent: “DMV Investigators Catch Federal Fugitive on the Run for 25 Years,” Nevada DMV, 2017. Available at: http://www.dmvnv.com/​news/​17004-federal-fugitive-caught.htm.

  In June 2017, a Jacksonville, Florida, man: “How a Jacksonville Man Caught in the Drug War Exposed Details of Police Facial Recognition,” Florida Times-Union, May 26, 2017. Available at: http://jacksonville.com/​news/​metro/​public-safety/​2017-05-26/​how-jacksonville-man-caught-drug-war-exposed-details-police.

  An Indiana man who was: Lauren E. Hernandez, “FBI: Facial Recognition Software Helps ID Indiana Cold-Case Fugitive,” USA Today, January 13, 2017. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/​story/​news/​nation-now/​2017/​01/​13/​fbi-facial-recognition-software-helps-id-indiana-cold-case-fugitive/​96570250/​.

  A year earlier, in January 2016: David Kravets, “Enhanced DMV Facial Recognition Technology Helps NY Nab 100 ID Thieves,” Ars Technica, August 28, 2016. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2016/​08/​enhanced-dmv-facial-recognition-technology-helps-ny-nab-100-id-thieves/​.

  While facial recognition: Ava Kofman, “Real-Time Face Recognition Threatens to Turn Cops’ Body Cameras into Surveillance Machines,” The Intercept, March 22, 2017. Available at: https://theintercept.com/​2017/​03/​22/​real-time-face-recognition-threatens-to-turn-cops-body-cameras-into-surveillance-machines/​.

  “And there is real-time analysis”: More Weise, “Taser Thinks a Camera on Every Cop Makes Everyone Safer,” Bloomberg Businessweek. July 12, 2016. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/​news/​articles/​2016-07-12/​will-a-camera-on-every-cop-make-everyone-safer-taser-thinks-so.

  “We have hundreds of politicians”: Cyrus Farivar, “The Airborne Panopticon: How Plane-Mounted Cameras Watch Entire Cities,” Ars Technica, July 10, 2014. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2014/​07/​a-tivo-for-crime-how-always-recording-airborne-cameras-watch-entire-cities/​.

  For years, PSS has: G. W. Schulz, “Hollywood-Style Surveillance Technology Inches Closer to Reality,” Reveal, April 11, 2014. Available at: https://www.revealnews.org/​article-legacy/​hollywood-style-surveillance-technology-inches-closer-to-reality/​.

  In 2013: Jeremy P. Kelley, “Dayton surveillance plan delayed,” Dayton Daily News, February 6, 2013. Available at: http://www.daytondailynews.com/​news/​dayton-surveillance-plan-delayed/​I3OJCRuSkMPwcJVg4cieOP/​.

  In the summer of 2016: Cyrus Farivar, “Persistent Surveillance Systems Has Been Watching Baltimore for Months [Updated],” Ars Technica, August 24, 2016. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2016/​08/​persistent-surveillance-systems-has-been-watching-baltimore-for-months/​.

  “We believe”: Ibid.

  McNutt was likely : Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989). Available at: https://supreme.justia.com/​cases/​federal/​us/​488/​445/​case.html.

  In June 2017, Miami-Dade Police: J. Iannelli, “MDPD Wants to Record Entire County from the Sky Using Iraq War Technology,” Miami New Times, June 1, 2017. Available at: http://www.miaminewtimes.com/​news/​mdpd-wants-to-record-entire-city-from-the-sky-using-iraq-war-technology-called-wide-area-surveillance-9385950.

  The bill, known as Senate Bill 21: “SB-21 Law Enforcement Agencies: Surveillance: Policies,” California Legislative Information, 2017. Available at: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/​faces/​billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB21&firstNav=tracking.

  Chapter Five

  The Fourth Amendment does not: Brief for Petitioner, Kyllo v. United States, 533 U.S. 27 (2000). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897367-Kyllo-Brief-for-Kyllo.html.

  His first thought was: Danny Kyllo, “DANNY LEE KYLLO KYLLO vs US 2001! DSCF7027,” YouTube, September 11, 2017. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/​watch?v=4eGmPAxCFo4.

  Eventually, the agents let him: Danny Kyllo declined the author’s invitation for an interview.

  While infrared scans: Author’s interview with Robert Thomson, February 27, 2017.

  “We just kept the p
ublic back”: Author’s interview with Dan Haas, July 19, 2017.

  “They were referring to”: Author’s interview with Robert Thomson, February 27, 2017.

  In fact, less than two months: Office of Legal Counsel, Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel of the United States, Volume 16 (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, 1992). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3900045-Op-Olc-v016.html#document/​p51/​a364252.

  But the OLC disagreed: Ibid.

  “I was so happy that I got an attorney”: Danny Kyllo, “DANNY LEE KYLLO KYLLO vs US 2001! DSCF7027,” YouTube, September 11, 2017. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/​watch?v=4eGmPAxCFo4.

  “This was one of the major points”: Author’s correspondence with Kenneth Lerner, October 26, 2017.

  Nearly immediately after sentencing: Scott J. Smith, “Thermal Surveillance and the Extraordinary Device Exception: Re-Defining the Scope of the Katz Analysis,” Valparaiso University Law Review 30 (1996), 1071. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3900048-Thermal-Surveillance-and-the-Extraordinary.html#document/​p2/​a364255.

  After years of work, the 9th Circuit: Opinion, United States v. Kyllo, CR-92-00051-1 (9th Cir.). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897368-Kyllo-Ninth-Circuit-Opinion-2.html#document/​p5/​a364046.

  Worse still, as the 9th Circuit: Opinion, United States v. Kyllo CR-92-00051-1 (9th Cir.). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897368-Kyllo-Ninth-Circuit-Opinion-2.html#document/​p7/​a364048.

  On November 13, 2000: Brief for Petitioner to Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Kyllo, 99-8508. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897367-Kyllo-Brief-for-Kyllo.html#document/​p13/​a364009.

  “Even if Katz”: Ibid. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897367-Kyllo-Brief-for-Kyllo.html#document/​p16/​a364010.

  “Technological developments hold”: Ibid. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897365-Kyllo-Brief-for-US.html#document/​p10/​a364232.

  “However, both Knotts and Smith”: Reply Brief for Petitioner to Supreme Court of the United States, United States v. Kyllo, 99-8508. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3897366-Kyllo-Reply-Brief-for-Kyllo.html#document/​p8/​a364248.

  “You have to figure out”: Author’s interview with Kenneth Lerner, July 26, 2017.

  In June 2017, Dreeben was: Joseph Tanfani, “Robert Mueller’s Team Has Prosecuted High-Stakes Cases—Including Obstruction of Justice,” Los Angeles Times, June 23, 2017. Available at: http://www.latimes.com/​politics/​la-na-pol-mueller-team-20170622-story.html.

  receding hairline: Michael Dreeben, Oyez. https://www.oyez.org/​advocates/​michael_r_dreeben.

  In the end, months later: United States v. Kyllo, 533 U.S. 27 (2001). Available at: https://supreme.justia.com/​cases/​federal/​us/​533/​27/​case.html.

  “In our hearing in the district”: Author’s correspondence with Kenneth Lerner, October 26, 2017.

  By coincidence, months later: Author’s interview with Kenneth Lerner, July 26, 2017.

  More than five years after Kyllo: Florida v. Jardines 569 US ___ (2013). Available at: https://supreme.justia.com/​cases/​federal/​us/​569/​11-564/​opinion3.html.

  Roughly a month later: Jardines v. Florida, SC08-2101 (Sup. Ct. Fl., 2011). Available at: https://origin-www.bloomberglaw.com/​public/​desktop/​document/​Jardines_v_State_73_So_3d_34_Fla_2011_Court_Opinion?1501821269.

  With no trouble at all: David Smiley, “Miami-Dade Police Dogs, Cocaine Used in 4th-Grade Science Project,” Miami Herald, January 28, 2013. Available at: http://www.miamiherald.com/​latest-news/​article1946758.html.

  In a 5–4 decision : Florida v. Jardines, 569 U.S. ___ (2013). Available at: https://supreme.justia.com/​cases/​federal/​us/​569/​11-564/​.

  On November 7, 2012, less: Attachment B: Kansas Department of Corrections Parole Violation Warrant. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914205-13-2.html.

  At about 8:30 AM: United States v. Denson, Brief of the Appellant (10th US Circ. Ct. App., 2014). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914196-Document-12.html#document/​p14/​a366797.

  Nearly a year later: United States v. Denson, Motion to Suppress Hearing, 6:13-mj-06107 (2013). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914201-Document-14.html#document/​p64/​a366795.

  Despite the fact that the Doppler: United States v. Denson, Response to Defendant’s Motion to Suppress, 13-10111-01 (2013). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914203-Gov-Uscourts-Ksd-92888-15-0.html#document/​p2/​a366796.

  “Police! Come to the door!”: Attachment A: Report by Deputy Marshal Joshua Moff. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914204-13-1.html.

  As the case progressed: United States v. Denson, 13-10111-01, Motion to Suppress and Brief (2013). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914206-13.html.

  The judge did not find Denson’s: Memorandum and Order, United States v. Denson, 13-10111 (2013). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3914202-Show-Public-Doc.html.

  “Unlawful searches can give”: Opinion, United States v. Denson, 13-3329 (3rd Circ. Ct. App., 2014). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3903151-13-3329.html#document/​p7/​a366794.

  Roughly midway through his 20-year career: Author’s interview with Brad Heath, May 26, 2017.

  After reporting for a couple: Brad Heath, “New Police Radars Can ‘See’ Inside Homes,” USA Today, January 19, 2015. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/​story/​news/​2015/​01/​19/​police-radar-see-through-walls/​22007615/​.

  As of January 2018: Christopher Soghoian, “Some Job News,” Twitter, January 2, 2018. https://twitter.com/​csoghoian/​status/​948314721316425728.

  Unlike an infrared scanner: Ibid.

  According to an October 2012: “Through-the-Wall Sensors for Law Enforcement Market Survey,” US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, October 2012. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3903149-00-WallSensorReport-508.html#document/​p5/​a396296.

  These devices have been commercially: Will Saletan, “Killer Drones that Can See Through Walls,” Slate, September 17, 2008. Available at: http://www.slate.com/​articles/​health_and_science/​human_nature/​2008/​09/​nowhere_to_hide.html.

  According to Heath’s reporting: Brad Heath, “New Police Radars Can ‘See’ Inside Homes,” USA Today, January 19, 2015. Available at: https://www.usatoday.com/​story/​news/​2015/​01/​19/​police-radar-see-through-walls/​22007615/​.

  If it hasn’t happened already: “Through-the-Wall Sensors for Law Enforcement Market Survey,” US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, October 2012. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3903149-00-WallSensorReport-508.html#document/​p20/​a366798.

  “A suspect’s criminal history”: Maryland v. King, 12-207 (2013). Available at: http://www.leagle.com/​decision/​In SCO 20130603D42/MARYLAND v. KING.

  While the Supreme Court arrived: Rhett Allain, “Trying Out the iPhone Infrared Camera: The FLIR One,” Wired, August 18, 2014. Available at: https://www.wired.com/​2014/​08/​a-review-of-the-iphone-infrared-camera-the-flir-one/​.

  Chapter Six

  The ability to store everything: Orin Kerr, “The Next Generation Communications Privacy Act,” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 162 (2013). Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/​sol3/​papers.cfm?abstract_id=2302891.

  Dressed in a tank top and shorts: Author’s interview with Ladar Levison, August 18, 2017.

  Levison owned and operated: Ladar Levison, “Statistics,” Lavabit, 2013. Available at: https://web.archive.org/​web/​20130508091526/​http://lavabit.com:80/​st
atistics.html.

  As an e-mail provider: Levison, “Statistics.”

  The d-order required: Levison in re application US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia 1:13 EC 254, June 10, 2013. Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3935582-Document-21.html#document/​p8/​a369641.

  The d-order Levison had received: Required Disclosure of Customer Communications or Records, 18 U.S. Code § 2703. Available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/​uscode/​text/​18/​2703.

  However, in the digital world: Orin Kerr, “A User’s Guide to the Stored Communications Act—And a Legislator’s Guide to Amending It,” George Washington Law Review 72 (2004). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3924362-Users-Guide-SCA.html.

  While it was popularly understood: Linda Greenhouse, “Drug War v. Deficit: The Senate Blinks,” V. The New York Times, October 2, 1986. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/​1986/​10/​02/​us/​drug-war-vs-deficit-the-senate-blinks.html.

  This warrant requirement turned on: Cyrus Farivar and Joe Mullin, “History by Lawsuit: After Gawker’s Demise, the ‘Inventor of E-mail’ Targets Techdirt,” Ars Technica, 2017. Available at: https://arstechnica.com/​tech-policy/​2017/​06/​shivas-war-one-mans-quest-to-convince-the-world-that-he-invented-e-mail/​.

  The ECPA draws a distinction: Kerr, “A User’s Guide to the Stored Communications Act.”

  In 1991, Senator Patrick Leahy: M. Betts, “Do Laws Protect Wireless Nets?,” Computerworld, 1991. Available at: https://books.google.com/​books?id=_djw_FNRO4cC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47&dq=leahy+ecpa+task+force&source=bl&ots=m5E4iXzwfM&sig=ePVBP-GcsASljPL​tnwwbaroLdzU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi84filoubVAhVLw​GMKHbBHAko​Q6AEITjAH#v=onepage&q=leahy%20ecpa%20task%20force&f=false.

  Modern e-mail, however: M. Poole and M. Shvartzberg, “The Politics of Parametricism: Digital Technologies in Architecture,” (Bloomsbury, 2015)

  With the pen/trap order: United States v. Under Seal, Brief of the United States, 1. 13-2652(L) (2013). Available at: https://www.documentcloud.org/​documents/​3924368-Document-16.html#document/​p11/​a369627.

 

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