VI
But Pharas, having by this time become weary of the siege for many reasons, and especially because of the winter season, and at the same time thinking that the Moors there would not be able to stand in his way, undertook the ascent of Papua with great zeal. Accordingly he armed all his followers very carefully and began the ascent. But the Moors rushed to the defence, and since they were on ground which was steep and very hard to traverse, their efforts to hinder those making the ascent were easily accomplished. But Pharas fought hard to force the ascent, and one hundred and ten of his men perished in this struggle, and he himself with the remainder was beaten back and retired; and as a result of this he did not dare to attempt the ascent again, since the situation was against him, but he established as careful a guard as possible, in order that those on Papua, being pressed by hunger, might surrender themselves; and he neither permitted them to run away nor anything to be brought in to them from outside. Then, indeed, it came about that Gelimer and those about him, who were nephews and cousins of his and other persons of high birth, experienced a misery which no one could describe, however eloquent he might be, in a way which would equal the facts. For of all the nations which we know that of the Vandals is the most luxurious, and that of the Moors the most hardy. For the Vandals, since the time when they gained possession of Libya, used to indulge in baths, all of them, every day, and enjoyed a table abounding in all things, the sweetest and best that the earth and sea produce. And they wore gold very generally, and clothed themselves in the Medic garments, which now they call “seric,” and passed their time, thus dressed, in theatres and hippodromes and in other pleasureable pursuits, and above all else in hunting. And they had dancers and mimes and all other things to hear and see which are of a musical nature or otherwise merit attention among men. And the most of them dwelt in parks, which were well supplied with water and trees; and they had great numbers of banquets, and all manner of sexual pleasures were in great vogue among them. But the Moors live in stuffy huts both in winter and in summer and at every other time, never removing from them either because of snow or the heat of the sun or any other discomfort whatever due to nature. And they sleep on the ground, the prosperous among them, if it should so happen, spreading a fleece under themselves. Moreover, it is not customary among them to change their clothing with the seasons, but they wear a thick cloak and a rough shirt at all times. And they have neither bread nor wine nor any other good thing, but they take grain, either wheat or barley, and, without boiling it or grinding it to flour or barley-meal, they eat it in a manner not a whit different from that of animals. Since the Moors, then, were of a such a sort, the followers of Gelimer, after living with them for a long time and changing their accustomed manner of life to such a miserable existence, when at last even the necessities of life had failed, held out no longer, but death was thought by them most sweet and slavery by no means disgraceful.
Now when this was learned by Pharas, he wrote to Gelimer as follows: “I too am a barbarian and not accustomed to writing and speaking, nor am I skilful in these matters. But that which I am forced as a man to know, having learned from the nature of things, this I am writing you. What in the world has happened to you, my dear Gelimer, that you have cast, not yourself alone, but your whole family besides, into this pit? Is it, forsooth, that you may avoid becoming a slave? But this is assuredly nothing but youthful folly, and making of ‘liberty’ a mere shibboleth, as though liberty were worth possessing at the price of all this misery! And, after all, do you not consider that you are, even now, a slave to the most wretched of the Moors, since your only hope of being saved, if the best happens, is in them? And yet why would it not be better in every way to be a slave among the Romans and beggared, than to be monarch on Mount Papua with Moors as your subjects? But of course it seems to you the very height of disgrace even to be a fellow slave with Belisarius! Away with the thought, most excellent Gelimer. Are not we, who also are born of noble families, proud that we are now in the service of an emperor? And indeed they say that it is the wish of the Emperor Justinian to have you enrolled in the senate, thus sharing in the highest honour and being a patrician, as we term that rank, and to present you with lands both spacious and good and with great sums of money, and that Belisarius is willing to make himself responsible for your having all these things, and to give you pledges. Now as for all the miseries which fortune has brought you, you are able to bear with fortitude whatever comes from her, knowing that you are but a man and that these things are inevitable; but if fortune has purposed to temper these adversities with some admixture of good, would you of yourself refuse to accept this gladly? Or should we consider that the good gifts of fortune are not just as inevitable as are her undesirable gifts? Yet such is not the opinion of even the utterly senseless; but you, it would seem, have now lost your good judgment, steeped as you are in misfortunes. Indeed, discouragement is wont to confound the mind and to be transformed to folly. If, however, you can bear your own thoughts and refrain from rebelling against fortune when she changes, it will be possible at this very moment for you to choose that which will be wholly to your advantage, and to escape from the evils which hang over you.”
When Gelimer had read this letter and wept bitterly over it, he wrote in reply as follows: “I am both deeply grateful to you for the advice which you have given me and I also think it unbearable to be a slave to an enemy who wrongs me, from whom I should pray God to exact justice, if He should be propitious to me, — an enemy who, though he had never experienced any harm from me either in deeds which he suffered or in words which he heard, provided a pretext for a war which was unprovoked, and reduced me to this state of misfortune, bringing Belisarius against me from I know not where. And yet it is not at all unlikely that he also, since he is but a man, though he be emperor too, may have something befall him which he would not choose. But as for me, I am not able to write further. For my present misfortune has robbed me of my thoughts. Farewell, then, dear Pharas, and send me a lyre and one loaf of bread and a sponge, I pray you.” When this reply was read by Pharas, he was at a loss for some time, being unable to understand the final words of the letter, until he who had brought the letter explained that Gelimer desired one loaf because he was eager to enjoy the sight of it and to eat it, since from the time when he went up upon Papua he had not seen a single baked loaf. A sponge also was necessary for him; for one of his eyes, becoming irritated by lack of washing, was greatly swollen. And being a skilful harpist he had composed an ode relating to his present misfortune, which he was eager to chant to the accompaniment of a lyre while he wept out his soul. When Pharas heard this, he was deeply moved, and lamenting the fortune of men, he did as was written and sent all the things which Gelimer desired of him. However he relaxed the siege not a whit, but kept watch more closely than before.
Ἤδη δὲ τριῶν μηνῶν χρόνος ἐν ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ προσεδρείᾳ ἐτρίβη καὶ ὁ χειμὼν ἐτελεύτα. καὶ ὁ Γελίμερ ἐδεδίει, τοὺς πολιορκοῦντας ἐπ̓ αὐτὸν οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν ἀναβήσεσθαι ὑποτοπάζων: καὶ τῶν οἱ συγγενῶν παιδίων τὰ πλεῖστα σώματα σκώληκας ἐν ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ ταλαιπωρίᾳ ἠφίει. [2] καὶ ἐν ἅπασι μὲν περιώδυνος ἦν, ἐς ἅπαντα δέ, πλήν γε δὴ τοῦ θνήσκειν, δυσάρεστος, τῇ μέντοι κακοπαθείᾳ παρὰ δόξαν ἀντεῖχεν, ἕως οἱ θέαμα ἰδεῖν ξυνηνέχθη τοιόνδε. [3] γυνή τις Μαυρουσία σῖτον ὀλίγον ἀμωσγέπως ξυγκοψαμένη, μᾶζαν δὲ ἐνθένδε βραχεῖαν κομιδῆ ποιησαμένη ἐς ζέουσαν τὴν σποδιὰν τὴν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάρᾳ ἐνέβαλεν. οὕτω γὰρ νόμος ἐν Μαυρουσίοις τοὺς ἄρτους ὀπτᾶσθαι. [4] παρὰ ταύτην δὴ τὴν ἐσχάραν δύο παῖδε �
�αθημένω καὶ τῷ λιμῷ ὑπεράγαν βιαζομένω, ἅτερος μὲν αὐτῆς τῆς ἀνθρώπου υἱὸς ἣ τὴν μᾶζαν ἐμβεβλημένη ἐτύγχανεν, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος Γελίμερος ἀδελφιδοῦς ὤν, ἐβουλέσθην ταύτην δὴ τὴν μᾶζαν ἁρπάσασθαι, ἐπειδὰν αὐτοῖς τάχιστα ὠπτῆσθαι δοκῇ. [5] τούτοιν τοῖν παίδοιν ὁ μὲν Βανδίλος προτερήσας ἔφθασέ τε τὴν μᾶζαν ἁρπάσας καὶ ζέουσαν ἔτι ὡς μάλιστα σποδιᾶς τε ἀνάπλεων οὖσαν, ὑπερβιαζομένου αὐτὸν τοῦ λιμοῦ, ἐς τὸ στόμα ἐμβαλόμενος ἤσθιεν, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος λαβόμενος αὐτοῦ τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ τριχῶν ἐπάταξέ τε κατὰ κόρρης καὶ αὖθις ῥαπίσας ἠνάγκασε τὴν μᾶζαν ξὺν βίᾳ πολλῇ ἀποβαλεῖν ἤδη ἐν τῇ φάρυγγι οὖσαν. [6] τοῦτο τὸ πάθος οὐκ ἐνεγκὼν Γελίμερ ῾παρηκολούθει γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἅπασιν̓ ἐθηλύνθη τε τὴν διάνοιαν καὶ πρὸς Φάραν ὡς τάχιστα ἔγραψε τάδε: [7] ‘Εἴ τινι καὶ ἄλλῳ τετύχηκε πώποτε τὰ δεινὰ καρτερήσαντι ἀπ̓ ἐναντίας ἰέναι τῶν πρόσθεν αὐτῷ βεβουλευμένων, τοιοῦτον δή τινα καὶ ἐμὲ νόμιζε εἶναι, ὦ βέλτιστε Φάρα. [8] εἰσῆλθε γάρ με ἡ σὴ ξυμβουλή, ἣν δὴ ἀλογῆσαι ἥκιστα βούλομαι. οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἀντιτείνοιμι περαιτέρω τῇ τύχῃ οὐδὲ πρὸς τὴν πεπρωμένην ζυγομαχοίην, ἀλλ̓ ἕψομαι αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, ὅπη ἂν αὐτῇ ἐξηγεῖσθαι δοκῇ: ὅπως μέντοι τὰ πιστὰ λάβοιμι, ἀναδέχεσθαι Βελισάριον βασιλέα ποιήσειν ἅπαντα ὅσα μοι ἔναγχος ὑπεδέξω. [9] ἐγὼ γάρ, ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα τὴν πίστιν δοίητε, ἐμαυτόν τε ὑμῖν ἐγχειριῶ καὶ συγγενεῖς τούσδε καὶ Βανδίλους ὅσοι ξὺν ἡμῖν ἐνταῦθά εἰσι.’ [10] Τοσαῦτα μὲν τῷ Γελίμερι ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ τῇδε ἐγέγραπτο. Φάρας δὲ ταῦτά τε Βελισαρίῳ καὶ τὰ πρότερον γεγραμμένα σφίσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους σημήνας ἐδεῖτο ὡς τάχιστά οἱ δηλῶσαι ὅ τι ἂν αὐτῷ βουλομένῳ εἴη. [11] Βελισάριος δὲ ῾καὶ γάρ οἱ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μεγάλῃ ἦν ζῶντα Γελίμερα βασιλεῖ ἀγαγεῖν̓, ἐπεὶ τάχιστα τὰ γράμματα ἀνελέξατο, περιχαρής τε ἐγεγόνει καὶ Κυπριανὸν φοιδεράτων ἄρχοντα ἐς Παπούαν ἐκέλευεν ἰέναι ξὺν ἄλλοις τισίν, ὅρκους τε αὐτοῖς ἐπέστελλε περὶ σωτηρίας Γελίμερός τε καὶ τῶν ξὺν αὐτῷ διδόναι, καὶ ὡς ἐπίτιμός τε παρὰ βασιλεῖ καὶ οὐδενὸς ἐνδεὴς εἴη. [12] οἵπερ ἐπεὶ παρὰ τὸν Φάραν ἀφίκοντο, ἦλθον ξὺν αὐτῷ ἔς τι χωρίον παρὰ τὸν τοῦ ὄρους πρόποδα, ἔνθα σφίσι Γελίμερ μετάπεμπτος ἦλθε καὶ τὰ πιστὰ λαβὼν ᾗπερ ἐβούλετο ἐς Καρχηδόνα σὺν αὐτοῖς ἧκεν. [13] ἐτύγχανε δὲ Βελισάριος διατριβήν τινα ἐν τῷ τῆς πόλεως προαστείῳ ποιούμενος, [14] ὅπερ Ἄκλας καλοῦσιν. ἔνθα δὴ ὁ Γελίμερ παῤ αὐτὸν εἰσῆλθε, γελῶν γέλωτα οὔτε φαῦλον οὔτε κρύπτεσθαι ἱκανὸν ὄντα, τῶν τε αὐτὸν θεωμένων ἔνιοι μὲν τῇ τοῦ πάθους ὑπερβολῇ ἁπάντων τε αὐτὸν ἐκστῆναι τῶν κατὰ φύσιν ὑπώπτευον καὶ παραπαίοντα ἤδη λόγῳ οὐδενὶ τὸν γέλωτα ἔχειν. [15] οἱ μέντοι φίλοι ἀγχίνουν τε τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐβούλοντο εἶναι καὶ ἅτε οἰκίας μὲν βασιλικῆς γεγονότα, εἰς βασιλείαν δὲ ἀναβεβηκότα, καὶ δύναμίν τε ἰσχυρὰν χρήματά τε μεγάλα ἐκ παιδὸς ἄχρι καὶ ἐς γῆρας περιβαλόμενον, εἶτα εἰς φυγήν τε καὶ δέος πολὺ ἐμπεσόντα καὶ κακοπάθειαν τὴν ἐν Παπούᾳ ὑποστάντα, καὶ νῦν ἐν αἰχμαλώτων λόγῳ ἥκοντα, πάντων τε ταύτῃ τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ φλαύρων ἐν πείρᾳ γεγονότα, ἄλλου οὐδενὸς ἄξια τὰ ἀνθρώπινα ἢ γέλωτος πολλοῦ οἴεσθαι εἶναι. [16] περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ γέλωτος ὃν Γελίμερ ἐγέλα, λεγέτω ὥς πη ἕκαστος γινώσκει, [17] καὶ ἐχθρὸς καὶ φίλος. Βελισάριος δὲ ἐς βασιλέα ὡς Γελίμερ δορυάλωτος εἴη ἐν Καρχηδόνι ἀνενεγκὼν ᾔτει ξὺν αὐτῷ ἐς Βυζάντιον ἀφικέσθαι. ἅμα δὲ αὐτόν τε καὶ Βανδίλους ἅπαντας οὐκ ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ ἐφύλασσε καὶ τὸν στόλον ἐν παρασκευῇ ἐποιεῖτο. [18] Πολλὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ ἄλλα ἐν τῷ παντὶ αἰῶνι ἤδη τε κρείσσω ἐλπίδος ἐς πεῖραν ἦλθε καὶ ἀεὶ ἥξει, ἕως ἂν αἱ αὐταὶ τύχαι ἀνθρώπων ὦσι: [19] τά τε γὰρ λόγῳ ἀδύνατα δοκοῦντα εἶναι ἔργῳ ἐπιτελῆ γίγνεται καὶ τὰ τέως ἀδύνατα φανέντα πολλάκις, [20] εἶτα ἀποβάντα θαύματος ἄξια ἔδοξεν εἶναι: εἰ μέντοι τοιαῦτα ἔργα πώποτε γεγενῆσθαι τετύχηκεν οὐκ ἔχω εἰπεῖν, τὸν Γιζερίχου τέταρτον ἀπόγονον καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν αὐτοῦ πλούτῳ τε καὶ στρατιωτῶν δυνάμει ἀκμάζουσαν πρὸς πεντακισχιλίων ἀνδρῶν ἐπηλύδων τε καὶ οὐκ ἐχόντων ὅποι ὁρμίζοιντο ἐν χρόνῳ οὕτω βραχεῖ καταλελύσθαι. [21] τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἦν τὸ τῶν ἱππέων πλῆθος τῶν Βελισαρίῳ ἐπισπομένων, οἳ καὶ τὸν πόλεμον πάντα πρὸς Βανδίλους διήνεγκαν. τοῦτο γὰρ εἴτε τύχῃ εἴτε τινὶ ἀρετῇ γέγονε, δικαίως ἄν τις αὐτὸ ἀγασθείη. ἐγὼ δὲ ὅθενπερ ἐξέβην ἐπάνειμι.
VII
And already a space of three months had been spent in this siege and the winter was coming to an end. And Gelimer was afraid, suspecting that his besiegers would come up against him after no great time; and the bodies of most of the children who were related to him were discharging worms in this time of misery. And though in everything he was deeply distressed, and looked upon everything, — except, indeed, death, — with dissatisfaction, he nevertheless endured the suffering beyond all expectation, until it happened that he beheld a sight such as the following. A certain Moorish woman had managed somehow to crush a little corn, and making of it a very tiny cake, threw it into the hot ashes on the hearth. For thus it is the custom among the Moors to bake their loaves. And beside this hearth two children were sitting, in exceedingly great distress by reason of their hunger, the one being the son of the very woman who had thrown in the cake, and the other a nephew of Gelimer; and they were eager to seize the cake as soon as it should seem to them to be cooked. And of the two children the Vandal got ahead of the other and snatched the cake first, and
, though it was still exceedingly hot and covered with ashes, hunger overpowered him, and he threw it into his mouth and was eating it, when the other seized him by the hair of the head and struck him over the temple and beat him again and thus compelled him with great violence to cast out the cake which was already in his throat. This sad experience Gelimer could not endure (for he had followed all from the beginning), and his spirit was weakened and he wrote as quickly as possible to Pharas as follows: “If it has ever happened to any man, after manfully enduring terrible misfortunes, to take a course contrary to that which he had previously determined upon, consider me to be such a one, O most excellent Pharas. For there has come to my mind your advice, which I am far from wishing to disregard. For I cannot resist fortune further nor rebel against fate, but I shall follow straightway wherever it seems to her best to lead; but let me receive the pledges, that Belisarius guarantees that the emperor will do everything which you recently promised me. For I, indeed, as soon as you give the pledges, shall put both myself into your hands and these kinsmen of mine and the Vandals, as many as are here with us.”
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 391