XIII
After Theoderic had departed from the world,[S] the Franks, now that there was no longer anyone to oppose them, took the field against the Thuringians, and not only killed their leader Hermenefridus but also reduced to subjection the entire people. But the wife of Hermenefridus took her children and secretly made her escape, coming to Theodatus, her brother, who was at that time ruling over the Goths. After this the Germans made an attack upon the Burgundians who had survived the former war, and defeating them in battle confined their leader in one of the fortresses of the country and kept him under guard, while they reduced the people to subjection and compelled them, as prisoners of war, to march with them from that time forth against their enemies, and the whole land which the Burgundians had previously inhabited they made subject and tributary to themselves. And Amalaric, who was ruling over the Visigoths, upon coming to man’s estate, became thoroughly frightened at the power of the Germans and so took to wife the sister of Theudibert, ruler of the Germans, and divided Gaul with the Goths and his cousin Atalaric. The Goths, namely, received as their portion the land to the east of the Rhone River, while that to the west fell under the control of the Visigoths. And it was agreed that the tribute which Theoderic had imposed should no longer be paid to the Goths, and Atalaric honestly and justly restored to Amalaric all the money which he had taken from the city of Carcasiana. Then, since these two nations had united with one another by intermarriage, they allowed each man who had espoused a wife of the other people to choose whether he wished to follow his wife, or bring her among his own people. And there were many who led their wives to the people they preferred and many also who were led by their wives. But later on Amalaric, having given offence to his wife’s brother, suffered a great calamity. For while his wife was of the orthodox faith, he himself followed the heresy of Arius, and he would not allow her to hold to her customary beliefs or to perform the rites of religion according to the tradition of her fathers, and, furthermore, because she was unwilling to conform to his customs, he held her in great dishonour. And since the woman was unable to bear this, she disclosed the whole matter to her brother. For this reason, then, the Germans and Visigoths entered into war with each other. [T]And the battle which took place was for a long time very stoutly contested, but finally Amalaric was defeated, losing many of his men, and was himself slain. And Theudibert took his sister with all the money, and as much of Gaul as the Visigoths held as their portion. And the survivors of the vanquished emigrated from Gaul with their wives and children and went to Theudis in Spain, who was already acting the tyrant openly. Thus did the Goths and Germans gain possession of Gaul.
DATES:
[S]526 A.D.
[T]531 A.D.
But at a later time Theodatus, the ruler of the Goths, upon learning that Belisarius had come to Sicily, made a compact with the Germans, in which it was agreed that the Germans should have that portion of Gaul which fell to the Goths, and should receive twenty centenaria of gold, and that in return they should assist the Goths in this war. But before he had as yet carried out the agreement he fulfilled his destiny.[U] It was for this reason, then, that many of the noblest of the Goths, with Marcias as their leader, were keeping guard in Gaul. It was these men whom Vittigis was unable to recall from Gaul, and indeed he did not think them numerous enough even to oppose the Franks, who would, in all probability, overrun both Gaul and Italy, if he should march with his whole army against Rome. He therefore called together all who were loyal among the Goths and spoke as follows:
DATE:
[U]526 A.D.
“The advice which I have wished to give you, fellow-countrymen, in bringing you together here at the present time, is not pleasant, but it is necessary; and do you hear me kindly, and deliberate in a manner befitting the situation which is upon us. For when affairs do not go as men wish, it is inexpedient for them to go on with their present arrangements in disregard of necessity or fortune. Now in all other respects our preparations for war are in the best possible state. But the Franks are an obstacle to us; against them, our ancient enemies, we have indeed been spending both our lives and our money, but nevertheless we have succeeded in holding our own up to the present time, since no other hostile force has confronted us. But now that we are compelled to go against another foe, it will be necessary to put an end to the war against them, in the first place because, if they remain hostile to us, they will certainly array themselves with Belisarius against us; for those who have the same enemy are by the very nature of things induced to enter into friendship and alliance with each other. In the second place, even if we carry on the war separately against each army, we shall in the end be defeated by both of them. It is better, therefore, for us to accept a little loss and thus preserve the greatest part of our kingdom, than in our eagerness to hold everything to be destroyed by the enemy and lose at the same time the whole power of our supremacy. So my opinion is that if we give the Germans the provinces of Gaul which adjoin them, and together with this land all the money which Theodatus agreed to give them, they will not only be turned from their enmity against us, but will even lend us assistance in this war. But as to how at a later time, when matters are going well for us, we may regain possession of Gaul, let no one of you consider this question. For an ancient saying comes to my mind, which bids us ‘settle well the affairs of the present.’”
Upon hearing this speech the notables of the Goths, considering the plan advantageous, wished it to be put into effect. Accordingly envoys were immediately sent to the nation of the Germans, in order to give them the lands of Gaul together with the gold, and to make an offensive and defensive alliance. Now at that time the rulers of the Franks were Ildibert, Theudibert, and Cloadarius, and they received Gaul and the money, and divided the land among them according to the territory ruled by each one, and they agreed to be exceedingly friendly to the Goths, and secretly to send them auxiliary troops, not Franks, however, but soldiers drawn from the nations subject to them. For they were unable to make an alliance with them openly against the Romans, because they had a little before agreed to assist the emperor in this war. So the envoys, having accomplished the mission on which they had been sent, returned to Ravenna. At that time also Vittigis summoned Marcias with his followers.
Ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτα Οὐίττιγις ἔπρασσεν, ἐν τούτῳ Βελισάριος ἐς Ῥώμην ἰέναι παρεσκευάζετο. ἀπολέξας οὖν ἄνδρας ἐκ καταλόγου πεζικοῦ τριακοσίους καὶ Ἡρωδιανὸν ἄρχοντα ἐπὶ τῇ Νεαπόλεως φυλακῇ κατεστήσατο. [2] ἔπεμψε δὲ καὶ ἐς Κύμην φρουρούς, ὅσους ᾤετο τῇ τοῦ ἐνταῦθα φρουρίου φυλακῇ ἱκανοὺς ἔσεσθαι. ἄλλο γάρ τι ὀχύρωμα ἐν Καμπανίᾳ, ὅτι μὴ ἐν Κύμῃ τε καὶ ἐν Νεαπόλει, οὐκ ἦν. [3] ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ Κύμῃ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τὸ Σιβύλλης δεικνύουσι σπήλαιον ἔνθα δὴ αὐτῆς τὸ μαντεῖον γεγενῆσθαί φασιν: ἐπιθαλασσία δὲ ἡ Κύμη ἐστί, Νεαπόλεως ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους διέχουσα. [4] Βελισάριος μὲν οὖν διεκόσμει τὸ στράτευμα, Ῥωμαῖοι δέ, δείσαντες μὴ σφίσι ξυμβαίη ὅσα Νεαπολίταις ξυμπέπτωκε, λογισάμενοι ἔγνωσαν ἄμεινον εἶναι τῇ πόλει τὸν βασιλέως στρατὸν δέξασθαι. μάλιστα δὲ αὐτοὺς Σιλβέριος ἐς τοῦτο ἐνῆγεν, ὁ τῆς πόλεως ἀρχιερεύς. [5] Φιδέλιόν τε πέμψαντες, ἄνδρα ἐκ Μεδιολάνου ὁρμώμενον, ἣ ἐν Λιγούροις κεῖται, ὃς δὴ Ἀταλαρίχῳ παρήδρευε πρότερον ῾κοιαίστωρα δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ταύτην καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοἰ, Βελισάριον ἐς Ῥώμη
ν ἐκάλουν, ἀμαχητὶ τὴν πόλιν παραδώσειν ὑποσχόμενοι. [6] ὁ δὲ διὰ τῆς Λατίνης ὁδοῦ ἀπῆγε τὸ στράτευμα, τὴν Αππίαν ὁδὸν ἀφεὶς ἐν ἀριστερᾷ, ἣν Ἄππιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων ὕπατος ἐννακοσίοις ἐνιαυτοῖς πρότερον ἐποίησέ τε καὶ ἐπώνυμον ἔσχεν. Ἔστι δὲ ἡ Ἀππία ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν πέντε εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί: ἐκ Ῥώμης γὰρ αὕτη ἐς Καπύην διήκει. [7] εὖρος δέ ἐστι τῆς ὁδοῦ ταύτης ὅσον ἁμάξας δύο ἀντίας ἰέναι ἀλλήλαις, καὶ ἔστιν ἀξιοθέατος πάντων μάλιστα. [8] τὸν γὰρ λίθον ἅπαντα, μυλίτην τε ὄντα καὶ φύσει σκληρόν, ἐκ χώρας ἄλλης μακρὰν οὔσης τεμὼν Ἄππιος ἐνταῦθα ἐκόμισε: [9] ταύτης γὰρ δὴ τῆς γῆς οὐδαμῆ πέφυκε. λείους δὲ τοὺς λίθους καὶ ὁμαλοὺς ἐργασάμενος, ἐγγωνίους τε τῇ ἐντομῇ πεποιημένος, ἐς ἀλλήλους ξυνέδησεν, οὔτε χάλικα ἐντὸς οὔτε τι ἄλλο ἐμβεβλημένος. [10] οἱ δὲ ἀλλήλοις οὕτω τε ἀσφαλῶς συνδέδενται καὶ μεμύκασιν, ὥστε ὅτι δὴ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἡρμοσμένοι, ἀλλ̓ ἐμπεφύκασιν ἀλλήλοις, δόξαν τοῖς ὁρῶσι παρέχονται: [11] καὶ χρόνου τριβέντος συχνοῦ δὴ οὕτως ἁμάξαις τε πολλαῖς καὶ ζῴοις ἅπασι διαβατοὶ γινόμενοι ἐς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην οὔτε τῆς ἁρμονίας παντάπασι διακέκρινται οὔτε τινὶ αὐτῶν διαφθαρῆναι ἢ μείονι γίνεσθαι ξυνέπεσεν, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τῆς ἀμαρυγῆς τι ἀποβαλέσθαι. τὰ μὲν οὖν τῆς Ἀππίας ὁδοῦ τοιαῦτά ἐστι. [12] Γότθοι δὲ οἳ ἐν Ῥώμῃ φυλακὴν εἶχον, ἐπεὶ τούς τε πολεμίους ἄγχιστά πη εἶναι ἐπύθοντο καὶ Ῥωμαίων τῆς γνώμης ᾔσθοντο, ἤσχαλλον τότε τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι διὰ μάχης ἰέναι οὐχ οἷοί τε ὄντες ἠπόρουν: [13] ἔπειτα δὲ Ῥωμαίων σφίσιν ἐνδιδόντων ἐνθένδε ἀπαλλαγέντες ἐπὶ Ῥαβέννης ἐχώρησαν ἅπαντες, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι Λεύδερις ὃς αὐτῶν ἦρχεν, αἰδεσθείς, οἶμαι, τύχην τὴν παροῦσαν, αὐτοῦ ἔμεινε. [14] ξυνέπεσέ τε ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον Βελισάριον μὲν καὶ τὸν βασιλέως στρατὸν ἐς Ῥώμην εἰσιέναι διὰ πύλης ἣν καλοῦσιν Ἀσιναρίαν, Γότθους δὲ ἀναχωρεῖν ἐνθένδε διὰ πύλης ἑτέρας ἣ Φλαμινία ἐπικαλεῖται, Ῥώμη τε αὖθις ἑξήκοντα ἔτεσιν ὕστερον ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις γέγονεν, ἐνάτῃ τοῦ τελευταίου, πρὸς δὲ Ῥωμαίων προσαγορευομένου Δεκεμβρίου μηνὸς ἑνδέκατον ἔτος Ἰουστινιανοῦ βασιλέως τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχὴν ἔχοντος. [15] Λεύδεριν μὲν οὖν τὸν Γότθων ἄρχοντα καὶ τῶν πυλῶν τὰς κλεῖς Βελισάριος βασιλεῖ ἔπεμψεν, αὐτὸς δὲ τοῦ περιβόλου πολλαχῆ διερρυηκότος ἐπεμελεῖτο: ἔπαλξιν δὲ ἑκάστην ἐγγώνιον ἐποίει, οἰκοδομίαν δή τινα ἑτέραν ἐκ πλαγίου τοῦ εὐωνύμου τιθέμενος, ὅπως οἱ ἐνθένδε τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι μαχόμενοι πρὸς τῶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ σφίσι τειχομαχούντων ἥκιστα βάλλωνται, καὶ τάφρον ἀμφὶ τὸ τεῖχος βαθεῖάν τε καὶ λόγου ἀξίαν πολλοῦ ὤρυσσε. [16] Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ τὴν μὲν πρόνοιαν τοῦ στρατηγοῦ καὶ διαφερόντως τὴν ἐς τὰς ἐπάλξεις ἀποδεδειγμένην ἐμπειρίαν ἐπῄνουν, ἐν θαύματι δὲ μεγάλῳ ποιούμενοι ἤσχαλλον, εἴ τινα ὡς πολιορκηθήσεται ἔννοιαν ἔχων ᾠήθη ἐσιτητά οἱ ἐς Ῥώμην εἶναι, ἣ οὔτε πολιορκίαν οἵα τέ ἐστι φέρειν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τῇ ἀπορίᾳ, διὰ τὸ μὴ ἐπιθαλάσσιος εἶναι, καὶ τείχους περιβαλλομένη τοσοῦτόν τι χρῆμα, ἄλλως τε καὶ ἐν πεδίῳ κειμένη ἐς ἄγαν ὑπτίῳ τοῖς ἐπιοῦσιν εὐέφοδος, [17] ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἔστιν. ὁ δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἀκούων τὰ ἐς πολιορκίαν οὐδέν τι ἧσσον ἅπαντα ἐξηρτύετο, καὶ τὸν σῖτον ὃν ταῖς ναυσὶν ἔχων ἐκ Σικελίας ἀφίκετο, ἐν οἰκήμασι καταθέμενος δημοσίοις ἐφύλασσε, καὶ Ῥωμαίους ἅπαντας, καίπερ δεινὰ ποιουμένους, ἠνάγκαζεν ἅπαντα σφίσι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐσκομίζεσθαι.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 425