Οἵτινες δὲ ἀνθρώπων εἰσὶν Ἔρουλοι καὶ ὅθεν Ῥωμαίοις ἐς ξυμμαχίαν κατέστησαν ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι. ὑπὲρ μὲν Ἴστρον ποταμὸν ἐκ παλαιοῦ ᾤκουν πολύν τινα νομίζοντες θεῶν ὅμιλον, οὓς δὴ καὶ ἀνθρώπων θυσίαις ἱλάσκεσθαι ὅσιον αὐτοῖς ἐδόκει εἶναι. [2] νόμοις δὲ πολλοῖς οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ τοῖς ἀνθρώπων ἑτέροις ἐχρῶντο. οὔτε γὰρ γηράσκουσιν οὔτε νοσοῦσιν αὐτοῖς βιοτεύειν ἐξῆν, ἀλλ̓ ἐπειδάν τις αὐτῶν ἢ γήρᾳ ἢ νόσῳ ἁλῴη, ἐπάναγκές οἱ ἐγίνετο τοὺς ξυγγενεῖς αἰτεῖσθαι ὅτι τάχιστα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων αὐτὸν ἀφανίζειν. [3] οἱ δὲ ξύλα πολλὰ ἐς μέγα τι ὕψος ξυννήσαντες καθίσαντές τε τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐν τῇ τῶν ξύλων ὑπερβολῇ, τῶν τινα Ἐρούλων, ἀλλότριον μέντοι, ξὺν ξιφιδίῳ παῤ αὐτὸν ἔπεμπον: [4] ξυγγενῆ γὰρ αὐτῷ τὸν φονέα εἶναι οὐ θέμις. ἐπειδὰν δὲ αὐτοῖς ὁ τοῦ ξυγγενοῦς φονεὺς ἐπανῄει, ξύμπαντα ἔκαιον αὐτίκα τὰ ξύλα, ἐκ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἀρξάμενοι. [5] παυσαμένης τε αὐτοῖς τῆς φλογὸς ξυλλέξαντες τὰ ὀστᾶ ἐν τῷ παραυτίκα τῇ γῇ ἔκρυπτον. [6] Ἐρούλου δὲ ἀνδρὸς τελευτήσαντος ἐπάναγκες τῇ γυναικὶ ἀρετῆς τε μεταποιουμένῃ καὶ κλέος αὑτῇ ἐθελούσῃ λείπεσθαι βρόχον ἀναψαμένῃ παρὰ τὸν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τάφον οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν θνήσκειν. [7] οὐ ποιούσῃ τε ταῦτα περιειστήκει τὸ λοιπὸν ἀδόξῳ τε εἶναι καὶ τοῖς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς συγγενέσι προσκεκρουκέναι. τοιούτοις μὲν ἐχρῶντο Ἔρουλοι τὸ παλαιὸν νόμοις. [8] Προϊόντος δὲ χρόνου δυνάμει τε καὶ πολυανθρωπίᾳ τῶν περιοίκων βαρβάρων ἁπάντων καθυπέρτεροι γεγενημένοι, ἐπιόντες τε, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, [9] ἑκάστους ἐνίκων καὶ βιαζόμενοι ἐληΐζοντο. καὶ τελευτῶντες Λαγγοβάρδας τε Χριστιανοὺς ὄντας καὶ ἄλλα ἄττα ἔθνη ὑπήκοα σφίσιν ἐς ἀπαγωγὴν φόρου πεποίηνται, οὐκ εἰθισμένον τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο τοῖς ἐκείνῃ βαρβάροις, ὑπὸ δὲ φιλοχρηματίας τε καὶ ἀλαζονείας ἐνταῦθα ἠγμένοι. [10] ἡνίκα μέντοι Ἀναστάσιος Ῥωμαίων τὴν βασιλείαν παρέλαβεν, οὐκ ἔχοντες Ἔρουλοι ἐφ̓ οὕστινας ἀνθρώπους τὸ λοιπὸν ἔλθοιεν, καταθέμενοι τὰ ὅπλα ἡσυχῆ ἔμενον, χρόνος τε αὐτοῖς ἐνιαυτῶν τριῶν ἐν ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ εἰρήνῃ ἐτρίβη. [11] καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐς ἄγαν ἀχθόμενοι Ῥοδοῦλφον ἀνέδην σφῶν τὸν ἡγεμόνα ἐκάκιζον, φοιτῶντές τε ἀεὶ παῤ αὐτὸν μαλθακόν τε καὶ γυναικώδη ἐκάλουν, ἄλλοις τέ τισιν αὐτὸν ἐρεσχελοῦντες ὀνόμασι κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ ἐλοιδοροῦντο. [12] Ῥοδοῦλφός τε τὴν ὕβριν ὡς ἥκιστα φέρων ἐπὶ Λαγγοβάρδας οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας ἐστράτευσεν, οὔτε τινὰ σφίσιν ἁμαρτάδα ἐπενεγκὼν οὔτε λύσιν τινὰ τῶν ξυγκειμένων σκηψάμενος, [13] ἀλλὰ πόλεμον ἐπιφέρων αἰτίαν οὐκ ἔχοντα. ὅπερ ἐπειδὴ Λαγγοβάρδαι ἀκοῇ ἔλαβον, πέμψαντες παρὰ τὸν Ῥοδοῦλφον ἀνεπυνθάνοντο καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἠξίουν εἰπεῖν ἧς δὴ ἕνεκα Ἔρουλοι ἐν ὅπλοις ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἴοιεν, ὁμολογοῦντες, εἰ μέν τι ἀπεστερήκασι τοῦ φόρου, ἀλλ̓ αὐτίκα μάλα ξὺν μεγάλῳ αὐτὸ ἀποτίσειν: εἰ δὲ μέμφονται μέτριον σφίσι τετάχθαι τὸν φόρον, ἀλλὰ μείζω ποιήσειν αὐτὸν οὐ μήποτε Λαγγοβάρδαι ὀκνηροὶ ἔσονται. [14] ταῦτα μὲν τοὺς πρέσβεις προτεινομένους ξὺν ἀπειλῇ ὁ Ῥοδοῦλφος ἀποπεμψάμενος πρόσω ἤλαυνεν. οἱ δὲ καὶ αὖθις πρέσβεις ἑτέρους πρὸς αὐτὸν στείλαντες περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πολλὰ λιπαροῦντες ἱκέτευον. [15] οὕτω δὲ καὶ τῶν δευτέρων ἀπαλλαγέντων τρίτοι πρέσβεις παῤ αὐτὸν ἥκοντες ἀπεῖπον Ἐρούλους πόλεμον ἀπροφάσιστον μηδαμῶς σφίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν. [16] ἢν γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι γνώμῃ τοιαύτῃ ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἴωσι, καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐχ ἑκούσιοι, ἀλλ̓ ὡς μάλιστα ἠναγκασμένοι, ἀντιτάξονται τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι, μαρτυράμενοι τὸν θεόν, οὗπερ τῆς ῥοπῆς καὶ βραχεῖά τις τὸ παράπαν ἰκμὰς πάσῃ τῇ ἀνθρώπων δυνάμει ἀντίξους ἔσται: αὐτόν τε εἰκὸς ταῖς τοῦ πολέμου αἰτίαις ἠγμένον ἀμφοτέροις πρυτανεῦσαι τῆς μάχης τὸ πέρας. [17] οἱ μὲν ταῦτα εἶπον, δεδίσσεσθαι ταύτῃ τοὺς ἐπιόντας οἰόμενοι, Ἔρουλοι δέ, ὑποστειλάμενοι τῶν πάντων οὐδέν, Λαγγοβάρδαις ἔγνωσαν ἐς χεῖρας ἰέναι. [18] ἡνίκα δὲ ἀμφότεροι ἄγχιστά πη ἀλλήλων ἐγένοντο, τὸν μὲν ὕπερθεν Λαγγοβαρδῶν ἀέρα ξυνέβαινε μελαίνῃ τινὶ νεφέλῃ καὶ ἐς ἄγαν παχείᾳ καλύπτεσθαι, ὑπὲρ δὲ τοὺς Ἐρούλους αἰθρίαν ὑπερφυῶς εἶναι. [19] οἷς δὴ τεκμηριούμενος εἴκασεν ἄν τις ἐπὶ τῷ σφῶν πονηρῷ ἐς τὴν ξυμβολὴν Ἐρούλους ἰέναι: οὐ γάρ τι τούτου πικρότερον βαρβάροις τέρας εἰς μάχην καθισταμένοις οἷόν τε εἶναι. [20] οὐ μέντοι οὐδὲ τούτῳ Ἔρουλοι προσεῖχον τὸν νοῦν, ἀλλὰ παντάπασιν ἀφροντιστήσαντες πολλῷ τῷ καταφρονήματι ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐχώρουν, πλήθει ὁμίλου τὸ τοῦ πολέμου σταθμώμενοι πέρας. [21] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἡ μάχη ἐν χερσὶ γέγονε, θνήσκουσι μὲν τῶν Ἐρούλων πολλοί, θνήσκει δὲ καὶ Ῥοδοῦλφος αὐτός, οἵ τε ἄλλοι πάντες φεύγουσιν ἀνὰ κράτος, οὐδεμιᾶς ἀλκῆς μεμνημένοι. [22] καὶ τῶν πολεμίων σφίσιν ἐπισπομένων οἱ μὲν πλεῖστοι αὐτοῦ ἔπεσον, ὀλίγοι δέ τινες διεσώθησαν. [23] Διὸ δὴ ἐνδιατρίβειν ἤθεσι τοῖς πατρῴοις οὐκέτι εἶχον, ἀλλ̓ ἐνθένδε ὅτι τάχιστα ἐξαναστάντες ἐπίπροσθεν ἀεὶ ἐχώρουν, τὴν γῆν ξύμπασαν ἣ ἐκτὸς Ἴστρου ποταμοῦ ἐστι ξύν τε παισὶ καὶ γυναιξὶ περιιόντες. [24] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀφίκοντο ἐς χώραν οὗ δὴ Ῥογοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν ᾤκηντο, οἳ τῷ Γότθων στρατῷ ἀναμιχθέντες ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἐχώρησα�
�, ἐνταῦθα ἱδρύσαντο. [25] ἀλλ̓ ἐπεὶ τῷ λιμῷ ἐπιέζοντο ἅτε ἐν χώρᾳ ἐρήμῳ ἐνθένδε οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον ἐξαναστάντες, ἄγχιστά που τῆς Γηπαίδων χώρας ἀφίκοντο. [26] καὶ αὐτοὺς Γήπαιδες τὰ μὲν πρῶτα ἱκέτας γενομένους ἐνοικίζεσθαί τε καὶ προσοίκους σφίσι ξυνεχώρουν εἶναι. [27] ἔπειτα δὲ ἤρξαντο ἐξ αἰτίας οὐδεμιᾶς ἀνόσια ἔργα ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐνδείκνυσθαι. γυναῖκάς τε γὰρ ἐβιάζοντο καὶ βοῦς τε καὶ ἄλλα χρήματα ἥρπαζον, καὶ ἀδικίας οὐδ̓ ὁτιοῦν ὑπελείποντο, καὶ τελευτῶντες ἀδίκων χειρῶν ἐς αὐτοὺς ἦρχον. [28] ἅπερ Ἔρουλοι φέρειν τὸ λοιπὸν οὐχ οἷοί τε ὄντες Ἴστρον τε ποταμὸν διαβαίνουσι καὶ τοῖς ἐκείνῃ Ῥωμαίοις προσοικεῖν ἔγνωσαν, Ἀναστασίου τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχὴν ἔχοντος, ὅσπερ αὐτοὺς πολλῇ φιλοφροσύνῃ δεξάμενος ἱδρύεσθαι αὐτοῦ εἴασε. [29] χρόνῳ δὲ οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον προσκεκρούκασιν αὐτῷ οἱ βάρβαροι οὗτοι, ἀνόσια ἔργα ἐργασάμενοι τοὺς ταύτῃ Ῥωμαίους: διὸ δὴ στράτευμα ἐπ̓ αὐτοὺς ἔπεμψε. [30] νικήσαντες δὲ τῇ μάχῃ Ῥωμαῖοι πλείστους μὲν ἔκτειναν, ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ δὲ πολλῇ ξύμπαντας διαφθεῖραι γεγόνασιν. [31] ἀλλ̓ εἰς ἱκετείαν τῶν στρατηγῶν οἱ κατάλοιποι αὐτῶν γεγονότες ἐδέοντο διασώσασθαί τε αὐτοὺς καὶ ξυμμάχους τε καὶ βασιλέως ὑπηρέτας τὸ λοιπὸν ἔχειν. [32] ταῦτά τε μαθόντα τὸν Ἀναστάσιον ἤρεσκε, καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ λειφθῆναι μέν τισιν Ἐρούλων ξυνέβη, οὐ μέντοι οὔτε ξύμμαχοι Ῥωμαίοις γεγένηνται οὔτε τι εἰργάσαντο αὐτοὺς ἀγαθόν. [33] Ἐπεὶ δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς τὴν βασιλείαν παρέλαβε. χώρᾳ τε ἀγαθῇ καὶ ἄλλοις χρήμασιν αὐτοὺς δωρησάμενος, ἑταιρίζεσθαί τε παντελῶς ἴσχυσε καὶ Χριστιανοὺς γενέσθαι ἅπαντας ἔπεισε. [34] διόπερ τὴν δίαιταν ἐπὶ τὸ ἡμερώτερον μεταβαλόντες τοῖς Χριστιανῶν νόμοις ἐπὶ πλεῖστον προσχωρεῖν ἔγνωσαν, καὶ Ῥωμαίοις κατὰ τὸ ξυμμαχικὸν τὰ πολλὰ ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ξυντάσσονται. [35] ἔτι μέντοι αὐτοῖς εἰσιν ἄπιστοι καὶ πλεονεξίᾳ ἐχόμενοι βιάζεσθαι τοὺς πέλας ἐν σπουδῇ ἔχουσιν, [36] οὐ φέροντος αὐτοῖς αἰσχύνην τοῦ ἔργου. καὶ μίξεις οὐχ ὁσίας τελοῦσιν, ἄλλας τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν καὶ ὄνων, καί εἰσι πονηρότατοι ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων καὶ κακοὶ κακῶς ἀπολούμενοι. [37] Ὕστερον δὲ αὐτῶν ὀλίγοι μέν τινες ἔνσπονδοι Ῥωμαίοις διέμειναν, ὥσπερ μοι ἐν τοῖς ὄπισθεν λόγοις γεγράψεται: οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἅπαντες ἀπέστησαν ἐξ αἰτίας τοιᾶσδε. [38] Ἔρουλοι τὸ τοῦ τρόπου θηριῶδές τε καὶ μανιῶδες ἐνδειξάμενοι ἐς τὸν αὐτῶν ῥῆγα ῾ἦν δὲ οὗτος ἀνὴρ Ὄχος ὄνομἀ, ἐξαπιναίως τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀπ̓ οὐδεμιᾶς αἰτίας ἔκτειναν, ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἐπενεγκόντες ἢ ὅτι ἀβασίλευτοι τὸ λοιπὸν βούλονται εἶναι. [39] καίτοι καὶ πρότερον ὄνομα μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶχεν, ἰδιώτου δὲ ὁτουοῦν οὐδέν τι σχεδὸν ἐφέρετο πλέον. [40] ἀλλὰ καὶ ξυγκαθῆσθαι αὐτῷ ἅπαντες καὶ ξύσσιτοι εἶναι ἠξίουν, καὶ ἀνέδην ὅστις βούλοιτο ἐς αὐτὸν ὕβριζεν: [41] ἀσυνθετώτεροι γὰρ ἢ ἀσταθμητότεροι Ἐρούλων εἰσὶν ἀνθρώπων οὐδένες. τοῦ δὲ κακοῦ σφίσιν ἐξειργασμένου μετέμελεν ἤδη. [42] ἔφασκον γὰρ ἄναρχοί τε καὶ ἀστρατήγητοι βιοτεύειν οὐχ οἷοί τε εἶναι: πολλὰ γοῦν σφίσι βουλευσαμένοις ἄμεινον τῷ παντὶ ἔδοξεν εἶναι τῶν τινα γένους τοῦ βασιλείου μεταπέμψασθαι ἐκ Θούλης τῆς νήσου. ὅ τι δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν αὐτίκα δηλώσω.
XIV
Now as to who in the world the Eruli are, and how they entered into alliance with the Romans, I shall forthwith explain. They used to dwell beyond the Ister River from of old, worshipping a great host of gods, whom it seemed to them holy to appease even by human sacrifices. And they observed many customs which were not in accord with those of other men. For they were not permitted to live either when they grew old or when they fell sick, but as soon as one of them was overtaken by old age or by sickness, it became necessary for him to ask his relatives to remove him from the world as quickly as possible. And these relatives would pile up a quantity of wood to a great height and lay the man on top of the wood, and then they would send one of the Eruli, but not a relative of the man, to his side with a dagger; for it was not lawful for a kinsman to be his slayer. And when the slayer of their relative had returned, they would straightway burn the whole pile of wood, beginning at the edges. And after the lire had ceased, they would immediately collect the bones and bury them in the earth. And when a man of the Eruli died, it was necessary for his wife, if she laid claim to virtue and wished to leave a fair name behind her, to die not long afterward beside the tomb of her husband by hanging herself with a rope. And if she did not do this, the result was that she was in ill repute thereafter and an offence to the relatives of her husband. Such were the customs observed by the Eruli in ancient times.
But as time went on they became superior to all the barbarians who dwelt about them both in power and in numbers, and, as was natural, they attacked and vanquished them severally and kept plundering their possessions by force. And finally they made the Lombards, who were Christians, together with several other nations, subject and tributary to themselves, though the barbarians of that region were not accustomed to that sort of thing; but the Eruli were led to take this course by love of money and a lawless spirit. [X]When, however, Anastasius took over the Roman empire, the Eruli, having no longer anyone in the world whom they could assail, laid down their arms and remained quiet, and they observed peace in this way for a space of three years. But the people themselves, being exceedingly vexed, began to abuse their leader Rodolphus without restraint, and going to him constantly they called him cowardly and effeminate, and railed at him in a most unruly manner, taunting him with certain other names besides. And Rodolphus, being quite unable to bear the insult, marched against the Lombards, who were doing no wrong, without charging against them any fault or alleging any violation of their agreement, but bringing upon them a war which had no real cause. And when the Lombards got word of this, they sent to Rodolphus and made enquiry and demanded that he should state the charge on account of which the Eruli were coming against them in arms, agreeing that if they had deprived the Eruli of any of the tribute, then they would instantly pay it with large interest; and if their grievance was that only a moderate tribute had been imposed upon them, then the Lombards would never be reluctant to make it greater. Such were the offers which t
he envoys made, but Rodolphus with a threat sent them away and marched forward. And they again sent other envoys to him on the same mission and supplicated him with many entreaties. And when the second envoys had fared in the same way, a third embassy came to him and forbade the Eruli on any account to bring upon them a war without excuse. For if they should come against them with such a purpose, they too, not willingly, but under the direst necessity, would array themselves against their assailants, calling upon God as their witness, the slightest breath of whose favour, turning the scales, would be a match for all the strength of men; and He, in all likelihood, would be moved by the causes of the war and would determine the issue of the fight for both sides accordingly. So they spoke, thinking in this way to terrify their assailants, but the Eruli, shrinking from nothing whatever, decided to meet the Lombards in battle. And when the two armies came close to one another, it so happened that the sky above the Lombards was obscured by a sort of cloud, black and very thick, but above the Eruli it was exceedingly clear. And judging by this one would have supposed that the Eruli were entering the conflict to their own harm; for there ran be no more forbidding portent than this for barbarians as they go into battle. However, the Eruli gave no heed even to this, but in absolute disregard of it they advanced against their enemy with utter contempt, estimating the outcome of war by mere superiority of numbers. But when the battle came to close quarters, many of the Eruli perished and Rodolphus himself also perished, and the rest fled at full speed, forgetting all their courage. And since their enemy followed them up, the most of them fell on the field of battle and only a few succeeded in saving themselves.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 452