Τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐν Ἰταλιώταις στρατόπεδα τῇδε ἐφέρετο. βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς στράτευμα πέμπειν ἄλλο ἐπὶ Γότθους καὶ Τουτίλαν ἔγνω, γράμμασι τοῖς Βελισαρίου ἠγμένος, ἐπεὶ αὐτὸν ἐς τοῦτο ἐνῆγε, τὰ παρόντα σφίσι πολλάκις σημήνας. [2] πρῶτα μὲν οὖν Πακούριόν τε τὸν Περανίου καὶ Σέργιον τὸν Σολόμωνος ἀδελφιδοῦν ξὺν ὀλίγοις τισὶν ἔπεμψεν. οἱ δὲ εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἀφικόμενοι τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ αὐτίκα ξυνέμιξαν. [3] μετὰ δὲ Βῆρόν τε ξὺν Ἐρούλοις τριακοσίοις καὶ Οὐαράζην Ἀρμένιον γένος ξὺν ὀκτακοσίοις Ἀρμενίοις στέλλει, Βαλεριανόν τε τὸν τῶν Ἀρμενίων στρατηγὸν ἐνθένδε ἀναστήσας ξὺν τοῖς ἑπομένοις δορυφόροις τε καὶ ὑπασπισταῖς πλέον ἢ χιλίοις οὖσιν ἐς Ἰταλίαν ἐκέλευεν ἰέναι. [4] Βῆρος οὖν πρῶτος Δρυοῦντι προσχὼν καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἐνταῦθα ἀφεὶς μένειν μὲν αὐτοῦ οὐδαμῆ ἤθελεν, οὗ δὴ καὶ τὸ Ἰωάννου στρατόπεδον ἦν, ἱππεύων δὲ ξὺν τοῖς ἀμφ̓ αὐτὸν πρόσθεν ᾔει. [5] ἦν γὰρ οὗτος ἀνὴρ οὐ κατεσπουδασμένος, ἀλλὰ μέθης νόσῳ ἀνειμένος ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, καὶ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ θράσει ἀπερισκέπτῳ ἐς ἀεὶ εἴχετο. [6] ἐπεὶ δὲ ἄγχιστά πη πόλεως Βρεντεσίου ἀφίκοντο, αὐτοῦ ἐνστρατοπεδευσάμενοι ἔμενον. Ἅπερ ὁ Τουτίλας μαθὼν ‘Ὁ Βῆρος δυοῖν’ ἔφη ‘τὸ ἕτερον: ἢ δυνάμει μεγάλῃ χρῆται, ἢ ἀνοίᾳ πολλῇ ἔχεται. [7] ἴωμεν τοίνυν ἐπ̓ αὐτὸν αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, ὅπως ἢ τῆς δυνάμεως ἀποπειρασώμεθα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἢ τῆς ἀνοίας ἐκεῖνος τῆς αὑτοῦ [8] αἴσθηται.’ ὁ μὲν οὖν Τουτίλας ταῦτα εἰπὼν στρατῷ πολλῷ ἐπ̓ αὐτὸν ᾔει, Ἔρουλοι δὲ παρόντας ἤδη κατιδόντες τοὺς πολεμίους κατέφυγον ἐς ὕλην τινὰ ἐγγύς πη οὖσαν. [9] κυκλώσαντές τε αὐτοὺς οἱ πολέμιοι πλέον μὲν ἢ διακοσίους διέφθειραν, ἔμελλον δὲ Βῆρόν τε αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς λειπομένους ἐς τὰς ἀκάνθας κρυπτομένους χειρώσασθαι, ἀλλὰ τύχη τις αὐτοῖς ξυμβᾶσα διεσώσατο ἐκ τοῦ παραδόξου. [10] νῆες γὰρ ἐν αἷς ὅ τε Οὐαράζης καὶ οἱ ξὺν αὐτῷ Ἀρμένιοι ἔπλεον, ἄφνω ἐς τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἀκτὴν κατῆραν. ὅπερ ἐπεὶ ὁ Τουτίλας εἶδε, πλείονα ἤπερ ἦν ὑποτοπάζων εἶναι τὸν τῶν πολεμίων στρατὸν ἄρας αὐτίκα ἐνθένδε ἀπήλαυνεν, οἵ τε ἀμφὶ τὸν Βῆρον ἄσμενοι ἐς τὰς ναῦς δρόμῳ ἀφίκοντο. [11] ὅ τε Οὐαράζης πλεῖν μὲν ἐπίπροσθεν οὐκέτι ἔγνω, ἐς δὲ τὸν Τάραντα ξὺν αὐτοῖς ἦλθεν, οὗ δὴ καὶ Ἰωάννης ὁ Βιταλιανοῦ παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἀφίκετο οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ἐχώρησε. [12] Βελισαρίῳ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἔγραψεν ὅτι δὴ πολλὴν αὐτῷ στρατιὰν πέμψειεν, οἷσπερ αὐτὸν δεῖν ἐν Καλαβρίᾳ ξυμμίξαντα τοῖς πολεμίοις ὁμόσε ἰέναι. [13] ἤδη δὲ καὶ Βαλεριανὸς ἄγχιστα κόλπου τοῦ Ἰονίου ἥκων διαπορθμεύσασθαι μὲν ᾤετό οἱ ἔν γε τῷ παρόντι ἀξύμφορον εἶναι. [14] στρατιώταις τε γὰρ καὶ ἵπποις ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια οὐκ ἂν ἐπαρκέσειν, ἐπεὶ ἀμφὶ τροπὰς χειμερινὰς ἦν. [15] τριακοσίους δὲ τῶν αὐτῷ ἑπομένων Ἰωάννῃ πέμψας ὡμολόγησε διαχειμάσας ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ καὶ αὐτὸς ἥξειν. [16] Βελισάριος οὖν ἐπειδὴ τὰ βασιλέως ἀνελέξατο γράμματα, ἐνακοσίους ἀριστίνδην ἀπολεξάμενος, ἱππεῖς μὲν ἑπτακοσίους, πεζοὺς δὲ διακοσίους, τούς τε λοιποὺς ἅπαντας ἐς φυλακὴν τῆς ἐκείνῃ χώρας καταστησάμενος, ἄρχοντά τε αὐτοῖς Κόνωνα ἐπιστήσας ἐπὶ Σικελίας αὐτίκα ἔπλει. [17] ἔνθεν τε ἀνηγάγετο. καταίρειν διανοούμενος ἐς τὸν Ταραντηνῶν λιμένα, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔχων τὸν Σκύλαιον καλούμενον χῶρον, ἐφ̓ οὗ δὴ τὴν Σκύλλαν οἱ ποιηταὶ γεγενῆσθαί φασιν, οὐχ ὅτι ταύτῃ πη τὸ θηριῶδες γύναιον, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι λέγουσιν, ἦν, ἀλλ̓ ὅτι σκυλάκων μέγα τι χρῆμα, οὕσπερ κυνίσκους τανῦν καλοῦσιν, ἐνταῦθα τοῦ πορθμοῦ ἐκ παλαιοῦ τε καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ξυμβαίνει εἶναι. [18] τὰ γὰρ ὀνόματα τοῖς πράγμασιν ἀρχὴν μὲν εἰκότα ἐς ἀεὶ γίνεται, ἡ δὲ φήμη αὐτὰ περιαγαγοῦσα ἐς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους τινὰς δόξας οὐκ ὀρθὰς ἀγνοίᾳ τῶν ἀληθινῶν ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖται. [19] καὶ προϊὼν οὕτως ὁ χρόνος ἰσχυρὸς μέν τις δημιουργὸς αὐτίκα τοῦ μύθου καθίσταται, μάρτυρας δὲ τῶν οὐ γεγονότων τοὺς ποιητὰς ἐξουσίᾳ τῆς τέχνης, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἑταιρίζεται. ταῦτά τοι ἐκ παλαιοῦ μὲν ὠνόμασαν ἐπιχώριοι Κυνὸς Κεφαλὴν ἄκραν τὴν μίαν Κερκύρας τῆς νήσου ἣ πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιόν ἐστιν, ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ κυνοκεφάλους τινὰς εἶναι βούλονται τοὺς τῇδε ἀνθρώπους. [20] ἀλλὰ καὶ Λυκοκρανίτας καλοῦσι τῶν Πισιδῶν τινας, οὐχ ὅτι λύκων κεφαλὰς ἔχουσιν, ἀλλ̓ ὅτι Λύκου Κράνος τὸ ὄρος ἐκλήθη ὃ ταύτῃ ἀνέχει. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ὅπη ἑκάστῳ βουλομένῳ εἴη ταύτῃ δοκείτω τε καὶ λεγέσθω. ἐγὼ δὲ ὅθενπερ ἐξέβην ἐπάνειμι.
XXVII
THUS were the armies in Italy engaged. And the Emperor Justinian decided to send another army against the Goths and Totila, being led to do so by the dispatches of Belisarius, who kept urging him to take this action, having indicated many times the situation in which the Romans found themselves. Accordingly, he first sent Pacurius, the son of Peranius, and Sergius, the nephew of Solomon, with a few men. And they arrived in Italy and immediately united with the rest of the army. Later on he sent Verus with three hundred Eruli, and Varazes, an Armenian by birth, with eight hundred Armenians, and he recalled from his post Valerian, the General of Armenia, and ordered him to go to Italy with his attendant spearmen and guards, who numbered more than a thousand. Now Verus was the first to put in at Dryus, and he left his ships there, being quite unwilling to remain in that place, where John’s army was, and went forward on horseback with his command. For this man was not of a serious temper, but was utterly addicted to the disease of drunkenness
, and consequently he was always possessed by a spirit of reckless daring. And when they had come close to the city of Brundisium, they made camp and remained there.
And when Totila learned this, he said “Verus has one of two things, either a powerful army or a very silly head. Let us then proceed against him instantly, that either we may make trial of the man’s army, or that he may realize his own silliness.” So Totila with these words marched against him with a numerous army; and the Eruli, spying the enemy already at hand, took refuge in a wood which was close by. And the enemy surrounded them and killed more than two hundred, and were about to lay hands on Verus himself and the rest of the force who were hiding among the thorn-bushes, but fortune came to their aid and saved them unexpectedly. For the ships in which Varazes and the Armenians under him were sailing suddenly put in at the shore there. Now when Totila saw this, supposing the hostile army to be more numerous than it really was, he immediately set out and marched away from there, while Verus and his men were glad to reach their ships on the run. And Varazes decided to sail no farther, but proceeded with them to Tarentum, whither John the nephew of Vitalian also not long afterwards came with his whole army. Such was the course of these events.
Now the emperor wrote to Belisarius that he had sent him a numerous army with which he should unite in Calabria and so engage with the enemy. And in fact Valerian had already come down close to the Ionian Gulf, but he thought that, for the present at any rate, it was inexpedient for him to ferry across. For at that season of the year, he reasoned, provisions would not be sufficient for men and horses, since it was near the winter solstice. But he did send three hundred of his men to John with the promise that after spending the winter there he would also come himself at the beginning of spring.
Belisarius, accordingly, upon reading the emperor’s letter, selected nine hundred men distinguished for valour, seven hundred horse-men and two hundred foot-soldiers, and leaving all the rest to guard that district, and appointing Conon commander over them, he immediately set sail for Sicily. And from there he again put out to sea purposing to sail to the harbour of Tarentum; and as he sailed by he had on his left the place called Scylaeum, at which the poets say that Scylla once lived, not because there really existed there the woman in the form of a beast, as they say, but rather because a certain fish, formerly called “scylax” and now “cyniscus” has been found in great abundance in this part of the strait from ancient times even down to my day. For names in the beginning are always appropriate to the things they describe, but rumour, carrying these names to other peoples, engenders there certain false opinions through ignorance of the facts. And as time goes on with this process, it immediately becomes a powerful builder, as it were, of the story, and allies itself with the poets, presumably because of the licence of their art, as witnesses of things that never happened. Thus, for example, the natives of the island of Cercyra have from ancient times called one headland of the island “Dog’s Head” — the one toward the east — but others because of this name will have it that the people there are a kind of dog-headed folk. Indeed they even call some of the Pisidians “Wolf-Skulls,” not because they have the heads of wolves, but because the mountain which rises there has received the name “Wolf-Helmet.” Now as for these matters, let each one both think and speak as he wishes. But I shall return to the point from which I have strayed.
Βελισάριος μὲν οὖν εὐθὺ ἰέναι τοῦ Τάραντος ἐν σπουδῇ εἶχεν. ἔστι δέ τις ἀκτὴ μηνοειδὴς ἐνταῦθα, οὗ δὴ τῆς ἠϊόνος ὑποχωρούσης ἡ θάλασσα ὥσπερ ἐν κόλπῳ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον τῆς γῆς ἀναβαίνει. [2] καὶ ὁ μὲν τῆς ἀκτῆς ταύτης διάπλους ἅπας ἐς χιλίους σταδίους διήκει, ἑκατέρωθι δὲ παρὰ τοῦ ῥεύματος τὴν ἐκβολὴν κεῖται πολίσματα δύο: θάτερον μὲν ὁ Κρότων πρὸς δύοντά που τὸν ἥλιον, ὁ Τάρας δὲ πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα. [3] κατὰ δὲ τὸ μέσον τῆς ἠϊόνος Θουρίων ἡ πόλις οἰκεῖται. τοῦ δὲ χειμῶνος ἀντιστατοῦντος καὶ τοῦ πνεύματος σὺν πολλῷ ῥοθίῳ βιαζομένου, περαιτέρω δὲ τὰς ναῦς ἰέναι οὐδαμῆ ἐφιέντος, τῷ Κροτωνιατῶν λιμένι προσέσχε. [4] Βελισάριος οὖν, ἐπεὶ οὔτε τι ὀχύρωμα ἐνταῦθα εὗρεν οὔτε τοῖς στρατιώταις ὅθεν ἂν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἐσκομίζοιντο εἶχεν, αὐτὸς μὲν ξύν τε τῇ γυναικὶ καὶ τοῖς πεζοῖς αὐτοῦ ἔμεινεν, ὅπως ἐνθένδε μεταπέμπεσθαί τε καὶ διέπειν τὸ ξὺν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ στράτευμα δύνηται: [5] τοὺς δὲ ἱππεῖς ἅπαντας ἐπίπροσθεν ἐκέλευεν ἰόντας στρατοπεδεύεσθαι παρὰ τὰς τῆς χώρας εἰσόδους, Φάζαν τε τὸν Ἴβηρα καὶ Βαρβατίωνα τὸν δορυφόρον αὐτοῖς ἐπιστήσας. [6] οὕτω γὰρ αὐτοὺς ῥᾷστα ᾤετο σφίσι μὲν καὶ ἵπποις τοῖς σφετέροις τὰ ἐπιτήδεια πάντα πορίζεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ πολεμίους ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἀποκρούεσθαι δυνατοὺς ἔσεσθαι. [7] τὰ γὰρ Λευκανῶν ὄρη μέχρι ἐς Βριττίους διήκοντα καὶ πρὸς ἄλληλα ἐν στενῷ ξυνιόντα δύο μόνας εἰσόδους στενὰς μάλιστα ἐνταῦθα ποιεῖται, ὧν ἁτέρα μὲν Πέτρα Αἵματος τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ κέκληται, Λαβοῦλαν δὲ τὴν ἑτέραν καλεῖν οἱ ἐπιχώριοι νενομίκασιν. [8] ἐνταῦθα μὲν παρὰ τὴν ἀκτὴν Ῥουσκιανή ἐστι τὸ Θουρίων ἐπίνειον, ὕπερθεν δὲ αὐτοῦ ὅσον ἀπὸ σταδίων ἑξήκοντα φρούριον ἐχυρώτατον ἐδείμαντο οἱ πάλαι Ῥωμαῖοι. ὅπερ Ἰωάννης πολλῷ πρότερον καταλαβὼν ἔτυχε φρουράν τε λόγου ἀξίαν ἐκείνῃ καταστησάμενος. [9] Οἱ μὲν οὖν Βελισαρίου στρατιῶται ἐνταῦθά πη ἰόντες πολεμίων στρατεύματι ἐντυγχάνουσιν, οὕσπερ ὁ Τουτίλας ἔπεμψεν, ἐφ̓ ᾧ ἀποπειράσονται τοῦ τῇδε φρουρίου. [10] ἐς χεῖρας δὲ αὐτοῖς αὐτίκα ἐλθόντες ἀρετῇ τε οὐδενὶ πόνῳ ἔτρεψαν, καίπερ αὐτῶν τῷ πλήθει παρὰ πολὺ ἐλασσούμενοι, καὶ πλέον ἢ διακοσίους διέφθειραν. [11] οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ φεύγοντες παρὰ Τουτίλαν τε ἀφίκοντο καὶ τὰ ξυμπεσόντα πάντα ἐσήγγελλον: οἵ τε Ῥωμαῖοι αὐτοῦ ἐνστρατοπεδευσάμενοι ἔμενον, ἅτε δὲ ἄναρχοι καὶ νενικηκότες ἀδεέστερον τῇ διαίτῃ ἐχρῶντο. [12] οὔτε γὰρ ἀγηγερμένοι ἡσύχαζον οὔτε ἄγχιστα τῆς στενοχωρίας ἐγκαθεζόμενοι τὰς εἰσόδους ἐφύλασσον, ἀλλ̓ ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν τραπόμενοι νύκτωρ μὲν ὡς ἀπωτάτω ἀλλήλων διεσκηνημένοι ἐκάθευδον, ἐν δὲ δὴ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια διερευνώμενοι περιήρχοντο, οὔτε τινὰς ἐπὶ κατασκοπῇ στείλαντες οὔτε ἄλλο ὁτιοῦν ἀσφαλείας πέρι βεβουλευμένοι. [13] Τουτίλας οὖν, ἐπειδὴ ἐπύθετο ἅπαντα, ἐς τρισχιλίους ἱππεῖς τοῦ παντὸς στρατοπέδου ἀπολεξάμενος ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ᾔει. [14] καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐ
πιπεσὼν ἀπροσδοκήτως οὐ ξυντεταγμένοις, ἀλλ̓ οὕτω περιιοῦσιν ὥσπερ εἴρηται, [15] κατέπληξέ τε καὶ συνετάραξεν ἅπαντας. ἐνταῦθα Φάζας ῾ἄγχιστα γάρ πη ἐσκηνημένος ἐτύγχανεν̓ ὑπαντιάσας τοῖς πολεμίοις ἔργα τε ἀρετῆς ἄξια ἐνδειξάμενος, τισὶ μὲν τοῦ διαφυγεῖν αἴτιος γέγονεν, αὐτὸς δὲ ξὺν τοῖς ἀμφ̓ αὐτὸν ἅπασι θνήσκει. [16] μέγα τε πάθος τοῦτο Ῥωμαίοις ξυνέβη, ἐπεὶ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἅτε διαφέροντας τὰ πολέμια τὴν ἐλπίδα ξύμπαντες εἶχον. [17] ὅσοι μέντοι φυγεῖν ἴσχυσαν, ὥς πη ἑκάστῳ δυνατὰ γέγονε διεσώθησαν. πρῶτός τε Βαρβατίων ὁ Βελισαρίου δορυφόρος ξὺν ἑτέροις δυοῖν φεύγων ἀνὰ κράτος ἐς τὸν Κρότωνα ἦλθε. καὶ τύχην τὴν παροῦσαν ἀπαγγέλλων ἐπεῖπεν οἴεσθαι αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα καὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους παρέσεσθαι. [18] Βελισάριος δὲ ταῦτα ἀκούσας ἔν τε μεγάλῳ πένθει ἐγίνετο καὶ ἐς τὰς ναῦς ἐσεπήδησεν. ἔνθεν τε ἄραντες καὶ πνεύματος ἐπιτυχόντες ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ Σικελίας Μεσήνῃ προσέσχον, ἣ τοῦ μὲν Κρότωνος ἑπτακοσίους σταδίους διέχει, Ῥηγίνων δὲ καταντικρὺ κεῖται.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 492