[10] πολλοὶ δὲ φόνων τε καὶ ἄλλων ἐγκλημάτων τοιούτων ἁλόντες, εἶτα ἐξιστάμενοι αὐτῷ τῶν πάντων χρημάτων διέφυγον ὧν ἥμαρτον μὴ δοῦναι τὴν δίκην:
[10] And many who had been convicted of murder and other such crimes handed over to him their entire fortunes and thus escaped paying the penalty for their misdeeds;
[11] ἕτεροι δὲ χωρίων, οὐ δέον, τοῖς πέλας τινῶν, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, ἀμφισβητοῦντες, ἐπεὶ καταδιαιτήσασθαι τῶν ἀντιδίκων οὐδαμῆ εἶχον τοῦ νόμου σφίσιν ἀντιστατοῦντος, οἱ δὲ τούτοις δὴ τοῖς ἀντιλεγομένοις αὐτὸν δωρησάμενοι ἀπηλλάσσοντο, αὐτοὶ μὲν χάριτι ἀζημίῳ κερδάναντες τὸ γνώριμοι γεγονέναι τῷ ἀνδρὶ τούτῳ, τρόπῳ δὲ παρανομωτάτῳ καταδικάσασθαι τῶν ἀντιδίκων ἰσχύσαντες.
[11] and others who might, for instance, be urging against their neighbours a claim to certain lands to which they had no right, finding themselves unable, because the law was against them, to secure a judgment against their adversaries by arbitration, simply bestowed this disputed property upon the Emperor and so were free of the business, thus winning for themselves, by a gift which cost them nothing, an acquaintance with this man, and having succeeded by most illegal means in getting the better of their opponents at law.
[12] Οὐκ ἄπο δὲ καιροῦ ἡγοῦμαι εἶναι καὶ τὸ εἶδος τούτου δὴ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου σημῆναι. τὸ μὲν οὖν σῶμα οὔτε μακρὸς οὔτε κολοβὸς ἄγαν, ἀλλὰ μέτριος ἦν, οὐ μέντοι ἰσχνὸς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ βραχὺ εὔσαρκος, τὴν δὲ δὴ ὄψιν στρογγύλος τε καὶ οὐκ ἄμορφος: ἐπυρρία γὰρ καὶ δυοῖν ἡμέραιν ἀπόσιτος ὤν.
[12] And I think it not inappropriate to describe the appearance of this man. He was neither tall in stature not particularly short, but of a medium height, yet not thin but slightly fleshy, and his face was round and not uncomely; for his complexion remained ruddy even after two days of fasting.
[13] ὅπως δὲ ἅπαν αὐτοῦ τὸ εἶδος συλλήβδην σημήνω, Δομετιανῷ τῷ Οὐεσπασιανοῦ παιδὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐμφερέστερος ἦν, οὗπερ Ῥωμαῖοι τῆς κακοτροπίας ἐς τοσόνδε ἀπώναντο ὥστε οὐδὲ κρεουργήσαντες ὅλον ἐκλῦσαι τὴν ἐς αὐτὸν ὀργὴν ἔγνωσαν, ἀλλὰ δόγμα ἐγεγόνει τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς μηδὲ ὄνομα τοῦ βασιλέως τούτου ἐν γράμμασιν εἶναι μηδ̓ εἰκόνα ἡντιναοῦν αὐτοῦ διασώζεσθαι.
[13] But that I may describe his appearance as a whole in few words, I would say that he resembled Domitian, son of Vespasian, very closely, an Emperor who so impressed the Romans who suffered under him that even after they had chopped his whole body into pieces they felt that they had not satisfied their rage against him, but through a decree of the Senate determined that not even the name of this Emperor would appear on documents nor any likeness of him whatsoever be preserved.
[14] τό τε γοῦν ὄνομα τοῦτο πανταχόσε ἐπὶ τῶν τῆς Ῥώμης γραμμάτων καὶ εἴ που ἄλλῃ τοῦτο γεγράφθαι ξυνέβη ἐκκεκολαμμένον ἰδεῖν μεταξὺ τῶν ἄλλων πάρεστι μόνον, καί τις αὐτοῦ εἰκὼν οὐδαμῆ φαίνεται οὖσα τῆς Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῆς, ὅτι μὴ χαλκῆ μία ἐξ αἰτίας τοιᾶσδε.
[14] His name, at any rate, everywhere in the inscriptions in Rome and wherever else it chanced to have been carved has been chiselled out, this name alone among all the others,a as the observer may see, and not a single statue of him is to be seen anywhere throughout the Roman Empire, with the exception of one bronze statue, accounted for as follows.
[15] ἦν τῷ Δομετιανῷ γυνὴ ἐλευθέριος καὶ ἄλλως κοσμία, καὶ οὔτε αὐτὴ κακόν τι οὐδένα εἰργάσατο πώποτε τῶν πάντων ἀνθρώπων, οὔτε τις αὐτῇ τῶν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς πράξεων ἤρεσκε.
[15] Domitian had a wife of noble character and discreet, and neither had she herself ever harmed any man in the world nor was she pleased at all with any of the actions of her husband.
[16] διόπερ αὐτὴν ἄγαν ἀγαπωμένην ἡ βουλὴ τότε μεταπεμψαμένη αἰτεῖσθαι ὅ τι ἂν αὐτῇ βουλομένῃ εἴη ἐκέλευεν.
[16] Consequently she was dearly beloved, and the Senate at that time summoned her and bade her ask whatever she wished.
[17] ἡ δὲ τοῦτο μόνον ἱκέτευε, τό τε Δομετιανοῦ σῶμα λαβοῦσα θάψαι καὶ μίαν αὐτῷ ἀναθεῖναι εἰκόνα χαλκῆν, ὅποι ἂν ἐθέλοι.
[17] And she begged only this, that she might take the body of Domitian and bury it and that she might set up one bronze statue to him wherever she wished.
[18] καὶ ἡ μὲν βουλὴ ξυνεχώρει ταῦτα: ἡ δὲ γυνὴ τῆς ἀπανθρωπίας τῶν τὸν ἄνδρα κρεουργησάντων ἀπολεῖψαι βουλομένη
[18] And the Senate conceded this. And the woman, wishing to leave to future ages a memorial of the inhumanity of those who had butchered her husband, contrived the following.
[19] μνημεῖα τῷ ὄπισθεν χρόνῳ ἐπενόει τάδε. τὰ Δομετιανοῦ ξυλλεξαμένη κρέα, ξυνθεῖσά τε αὐτὰ ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς καὶ ἐναρμοσαμένη ἐς ἄλληλα κατέρραψε μὲν τὸ σῶμα ὅλον, τοῖς δὲ πλάσταις ἐνδειξαμένη ἐν εἰκόνι χαλκῇ τὸ πάθος ἀπομιμεῖσθαι τοῦτο ἐκέλευεν.
[19] Collecting the flesh of Domitian, and putting the pieces accurately together and fitting them one to the other, she sewed up the whole body; then, displaying to the sculptors, she bade them represent in a bronze statue the fate which had befallen her husband.
[20] οἱ μὲν οὖν τεχνῖται τὴν εἰκόνα εὐθὺς ἐποίουν. λαβοῦσα δὲ ἡ γυνὴ ἔστησεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐς τὸ Καπιτώλιον φερούσης ἀνόδου ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐνταῦθα ἰόντι, εἶδός τε τὸ Δομετιανοῦ καὶ τὸ πάθος δηλοῦσαν ἐς τόδε τοῦ χρόνου.
[20] So the artists straightway made the statue. The woman then took it and set it up on the street leading up to the Capitol, on the right as one ascends thither from the Forum, and it shews both the features and the fate of Domitian, even to the present day.
[21] εἰκάσειεν ἄν τις τό τε ἄλλο Ἰουστινιανοῦ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτὴν καὶ τὰ τοῦ προσώπου ἅπαντα ἤθη ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ εἰκόνι διαφανῶς εἶναι.
[21] And one might hazard a guess that the body of Justinian in general and particularly the face and all the characteristic features of his countenance are clearly embodied in this statue.
[22] Τὸ μὲν οὖν εἶδος τοιοῦτός τις ἦν: τὸν δὲ τρόπον ἐς μὲν τὸ ἀκριβὲς οὐκ ἂν φράσαιμι. ἦν γὰρ οὗτος ἀνὴρ κακοῦργός τε καὶ εὐπαράγωγος, ὃν δὴ μωροκακοήθη καλοῦσιν, οὔτε αὐτὸς ἀληθιζόμενος τοῖς ἐντυγχάνουσιν, ἀλλὰ ν
ῷ δολερῷ ἅπαντα ἐς ἀεὶ καὶ λέγων καὶ πράττων, καὶ τοῖς ἐξαπατᾶν ἐθέλουσιν ἀποκείμενος οὐδενὶ πόνῳ.
[22] Such was Justinian in appearance; but his character I could not accurately describe. For this man was both an evil-doer and easily led into evil, the sort of a person whom they call a moral pervert, never of his own accord speaking the truth to those with whom he conversed, but having a deceitful and crafty intent behind every word and action, and at the same time exposing himself, an easy prey, to those who wished to deceive him.
[23] καί τις ἀήθης κρᾶσις ἐν αὐτῷ ἐπεφύκει ἔκ τε ἀνοίας καὶ κακοτροπίας ξυγκεκραμένη. καὶ τάχα τοῦτο ἦν ὅπερ ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις τῶν τις ἐκ τοῦ περιπάτου φιλοσόφων ἀπεφθέγξατο, ὡς καὶ τὰ ἐναντιώτατα ἐν ἀνθρώπου φύσει ξυμβαίνει εἶναι, ὥσπερ ἐν τῶν χρωμάτων τῇ μίξει.
[23] And a certain unusual mixture had developed in him, compounded of both folly and wickedness. And possibly this illustrated a saying uttered by one of the Peripatetic philosophers in earlier times, to the effect that the most opposite elements are found in man’s nature, just as in mixed colours.
[24] γράφω μέντοι ὧν μοι ἐφικέσθαι οὐ δυνατὸν γέγονεν. ἦν τοίνυν ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος εἴρων, δολερὸς, κατάπλαστος, σκότιος ὀργὴν, διπλοῦς, ἄνθρωπος δεινὸς, ὑποκρίνασθαι γνώμην τελεώτατος, καὶ δάκρυα οὐχ ὑφ̓ ἡδονῆς τινος ἢ πάθους ἐκφέρων, ἀλλὰ τεχνάζων ἐπὶ καιροῦ κατὰ τὸ τῆς χρείας παρὸν, ψευδόμενος ἐς ἀεὶ, οὐκ εἰκῆ μέντοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ γράμματα καὶ ὅρκους δεινοτάτους ἐπὶ τοῖς ξυγκειμένοις πεποιημένος, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς τοὺς κατηκόους τοὺς αὑτοῦ.
[24] (I am now writing, however, of matters in which I have not been able to attain competency.) But to resume, this Emperor was insincere, crafty, hypocritical, dissembling his anger, double-dealing, clever, a perfect artist in acting out an opinion which he pretended to hold, and even able to produce tears, not from joy or sorrow, but contriving them for the occasion according to the need of the moment, always playing false, yet not carelessly but adding both his signature and the most terrible oaths to bind his agreements, and that too in dealing with his own subjects.
[25] ἀνεχώρει δὲ τῶν τε ὡμολογημένων καὶ ὀμωμοσμένων εὐθὺς, ὥσπερ τῶν ἀνδραπόδων τὰ χείριστα, δέει τῶν ἐγκειμένων σφίσι βασάνων διώμοτα εἰς τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἠγμένα.
[25] But he departed straightway from his agreements and his oaths, just like the vilest slaves, who, through fear of the tortures hanging over them, are induced to make confession of acts which they had denied on oath.
[26] φίλος ἀβέβαιος, ἐχθρὸς ἄσπονδος, φόνων τε καὶ χρημάτων διάπυρος ἐραστὴς, δύσερίς τε καὶ νεωτεροποιὸς μάλιστα, ἐς μὲν τὰ κακὰ εὐπαράγωγος, ἐς δὲ τὰ ἀγαθὰ οὐδεμιᾷ ξυμβουλῇ ἥκων, ἐπινοῆσαι μὲν τὰ φαῦλα καὶ ἐπιτελέσαι ὀξὺς, τῶν δὲ δὴ ἀγαθῶν καὶ αὐτήν που τὴν ἀκοὴν ἁλμυρὰν εἶναι οἰόμενος.
[26] He was a fickle friend, a truceless enemy, an ardent devotee of assassination and of robbery, quarrelsome and an inveterate innovator, easily led astray into wrong, but influenced by no counsel to adopt the right, keen to conceive and to execute base designs, but looking upon even the hearing about good things as distasteful.
[27] πῶς ἄν τις τῶν Ἰουστινιανοῦ τρόπων ἐφικέσθαι τῷ λόγῳ δυνατὸς εἴη; ταῦτά τε καὶ πολλὰ ἔτι μείζω κακὰ οὐ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον ἔχων ἐφαίνετο, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαν ἡ φύσις ἐδόκει τὴν κακοτροπίαν ἀφελομένη τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους ἐν τῇ τοῦδε τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καταθέσθαι ψυχῇ.
[27] How could any man be competent to describe adequately the character of Justinian? These faults and many others still greater he manifestly possessed to a degree not in accord with human nature. On the contrary, Nature seemed to have removed all baseness from the rest of mankind and to have concentrated it in the soul of this man.
[28] ἦν δὲ πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐς μὲν τὰς διαβολὰς εὔκολος ἄγαν, ἐς δὲ τὰς τιμωρίας ὀξύς. οὐ γάρ τι πώποτε διερευνησάμενος ἔκρινεν, ἀλλ̓ ἀκούσας τοῦ διαβάλλοντος τὴν γνῶσιν εὐθὺς ἐξενεγκεῖν ἔγνω.
[28] And in addition to his other shortcomings, while he was very easy-going as to lending an ear to slanders, yet he was severe as to inflicting punishment. For he never paused for a thorough investigation before reaching a decision, but straightway upon hearing what the slanderer said, he would make his decision and order it published.
[29] ἔγραφέ τε γράμματα οὐδεμιᾷ ὀκνήσει, χωρίων τε ἁλώσεις καὶ πόλεων ἐμπρησμοὺς καὶ ὅλων ἐθνῶν ἀνδραποδισμοὺς ἐξ αἰτίας οὐδεμιᾶς ἔχοντα.
[29] And he did not hesitate to write orders that called for the capture of towns and the burning of cities and the enslavement of whole peoples, for no reason whatever.
[30] ὥστε εἴ τις ἄνωθεν ἅπαντα τὰ Ῥωμαίοις ξυνενεχθέντα σταθμώμενος ἀντισηκοῦν αὐτὰ τούτοις ἐθέλοι, δοκεῖ μοι ἂν πλείω φόνον εὑρέσθαι ἀνθρώπων πρὸς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς τοῦδε ξυμβάντα ἢ ἐν τῷ ἄλλῳ παντὶ αἰῶνι γεγενῆσθαι τετύχηκε.
[30] Consequently, if one should care to estimate all the misfortunes which have befallen the Romans from the earliest times and then to balance against them those of the present day, it seems to me that he would find a greater slaughter of human beings to have been perpetrated by this man than has come to pass in all the preceding time.
[31] τῶν δὲ ἄλλων χρημάτων ἐς μὲν τὴν ἀναίσθητον κτῆσιν ἀοκνότατος ἦν: οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ σκῆψιν ἠξίου τινὰ παραπέτασμα τοῦ δικαίου προβεβλημένος τῶν οὐ προσηκόντων ἐπιβατεύειν: γενομένων δὲ οἰκείων ἑτοιμότατος ἦν ἀλογίστῳ φιλοτιμίᾳ περιφρονεῖν τε καὶ τοῖς βαρβάροις προΐεσθαι οὐδενὶ λόγῳ.
[31] And while he had no scruples whatever against the quiet acquisition of other men’s money — for he never even made any excuse, putting forward justice as a screen in trespassing upon things which did not belong to him — yet when once these had become his own, he was perfectly ready to shew his contempt for the money, with a prodigality in which there was no trace of calculation, and for no reason at all to fling it away to the barbarians.
[32] καὶ τὸ ξύμπαν εἰπεῖν, χρήματα οὔτε αὐτὸς εἶχεν οὔτε ἄλλον τινὰ ἔχειν τῶν ἁπάντων εἴα, ὥσπερ οὐ φιλοχρηματίας ἡσσώμενος, ἀλλὰ φθόνῳ ἐς τοὺς ταῦτα κεκτημένους ἐχόμενος.
[32] And, to sum up the whole matter, he neither had any money himself, nor would he allow anyone else in the world to have it, as though he were not a victim of avarice, but simply consumed by envy of
those who possessed money.
[33] ἐξοικίσας οὖν ῥᾷστα τὸν πλοῦτον ἐκ Ῥωμαίων τῆς γῆς πενίας δημιουργὸς ἅπασι γέγονεν.
[33] Consequently he lightly banished wealth from the Roman world and became the creator of poverty for all.
IX
Ἰουστινιανῷ μὲν οὖν τὰ ἐς τὸν τρόπον ὅσα γε ἡμᾶς δύνασθαι φράσαι τῇδέ πη εἶχεν. ἔγημε δὲ γυναῖκα, ἣ ὅντινα τρόπον γενομένη τε καὶ τραφεῖσα καὶ τῷδε τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐς γάμον ξυναφθεῖσα πρόρριζον Ῥωμαίοις τὴν πολιτείαν ἐξέτριψεν, ἐγὼ δηλώσω.
The traits, then, of Justinian’s character, as far as we are able to state them, were roughly these. And he married a wife concerning whom I shall now relate how she was born and reared and how, after being joined to this man in marriage, she overturned the Roman State to its very foundations.
[2] Ἀκάκιος ἦν τις ἐν Βυζαντίῳ θηριοκόμος τῶν ἐν κυνηγεσίῳ θηρίων μοίρας Πρασίνων, ὅνπερ ἀρκοτρόφον καλοῦσιν.
[2] There was in Byzantium a certain Acacius, keeper of the animals used in the circus, an adherent of the Green Faction, a man whom they called Master of the Bears.
[3] οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ Ἀναστασίου τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχὴν ἔχοντος ἐτελεύτησε νόσῳ παίδων οἱ ἀπολελειμμένων τριῶν θήλεος γένους, Κομιτοῦς τε καὶ Θεοδώρας καὶ Ἀναστασίας, ὧνπερ ἡ πρεσβυτάτη οὔπω ἑπταέτης γεγονυῖα ἐτύγχανεν.
[3] This man had died a natural death during the reign of Anastasius, leaving three girls, Comito, Theodora and Anastasia, the eldest of whom was not yet seven years of age.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 551