[29] For certain men, sent out from Byzantium, saw fit to maul and mutilate their bodies and to impose fines upon them without the least compunction, until they gave up all the horses which they had wrested from the barbarians.
XXII
Ἡνίκα δὲ βασιλεύς τε καὶ Θεοδώρα τὸν Καππαδόκην Ἰωάννην ἀνεῖλον, ἀντικαθιστάναι μὲν ἐς τιμὴν τὴν αὐτοῦ ἤθελον, ἄνδρα δέ τινα πονηρότερον εὑρεῖν ἐπὶ κοινῆς ἐν σπουδῇ ἐποιοῦντο, περισκοπούμενοί τε τὸ τοιοῦτο τῆς τυραννίδος ὄργανον καὶ πάσας διερευνῶντες τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων γνώμας, ὅπως ἔτι θᾶσσον τοὺς ὑπηκόους ἀπολεῖν δύνωνται.
When the Emperor and Theodora had destroyed John the Cappadocian, they wished to appoint someone to his office in his stead, and they made it their common task to find some man of the baser sort, looking about to find such a tool of their tyranny and investigating thoroughly attitude of the candidates, to the end that they might be able still more speedily to ruin their subjects.
[2] ἐν μὲν οὖν τῷ παραυτίκα Θεόδοτον ἀντ̓ αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς κατεστήσαντο, ἄνδρα οὐ καλοήθη μὲν, οὐ σφόδρα δὲ ἀρέσκειν αὐτοῖς ἱκανὸν γεγονότα.
[2] Now as a temporary measure they put in John’s place in the office Theodotus, a man who, though not of good character, had never proved able to please them completely.
[3] ὕστερον δὲ ἅπαν διερευνώμενοι περιήρχοντο. εὗρον δὲ παρὰ δόξαν ἀργυραμοιβόν τινα Πέτρον ὀνόματι, Σύρον γένος, ὅνπερ ἐπίκλησιν Βαρσύμην ἐκάλουν: ὃς πάλαι μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς τοῦ χαλκοῦ τραπέζης καθήμενος κέρδη αἰσχρότατα ἐκ ταύτης δὴ ἐπορίζετο τῆς ἐργασίας, τὴν περὶ τοὺς ὀβολοὺς κλοπὴν εὖ μάλα τεχνάζων καὶ τοὺς αὐτῷ ξυμβάλλοντας ἀεὶ τῷ τῶν δακτύλων τάχει ἐκκρούων.
[3] After this they went about investigating every possibility. And unexpectedly they found a certain money-changer named Peter, a Syrian by birth, called by the surname of Barsymes. He had years before sat at the table where bronze coins are exchanged and was gaining most shameful returns from this business, contriving his theft of the ha’pennies with great skill and always baffling his customers by the swiftness of his fingers.
[4] δεξιὸς γὰρ ἦν κλέψαι μὲν τὰ τῶν αὐτῷ περιπεπτωκότων ἀνέδην, ἁλοὺς δὲ ὀμόσαι καὶ τῶν χειρῶν τὸ ἁμάρτημα τῷ τῆς γλώττης περικαλύψαι θράσει.
[4] For he was clever enough to steal freely the possessions of those who fell in with him, and when caught, to give his oath and to cover the sin of his hands by the impudence of his tongue.
[5] ἐν δὲ τοῖς τῶν ὑπάρχων στρατιώταις καταλεχθεὶς ἐς τοσοῦτον ἀτοπίας ἐλήλακεν ὥστε Θεοδώρᾳ ἀρέσκειν τε ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα καὶ ἐς τῶν ἀδίκων αὐτῇ βουλημάτων ῥᾷστα ὑπουργεῖν τὰ ἀμήχανα.
[5] And when he had been enrolled as a member of the Pretorian Guard, he became so outrageous that he was exceedingly pleasing to Theodora and he gave her readiest assistance in the perplexing details of her wicked enterprises.
[6] διὸ δὴ Θεόδοτον μὲν, ὅνπερ μετὰ τὸν Καππαδόκην καταστησάμενοι ἔτυχον, τῆς τιμῆς αὐτίκα παρέλυσαν, Πέτρον δὲ ταύτῃ ἐπέστησαν,
[6] So they immediately released Theodotus from the office to which he had been appointed after the Cappadocian, and they appointed thereto Peter, who accomplished everything to the liking of them both.
[7] ὅσπερ αὐτοῖν διεπράξατο κατὰ νοῦν ἅπαντα. τούς τε γὰρ στρατευομένους ἀποστερῶν τὰς συντάξεις ἁπάσας οὔτε αἰσχυνθεὶς οὔτε δείσας πώποτε ὤφθη, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὠνίους τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔτι μᾶλλον ἢ πρότερον προὔθηκεν, ἀτιμοτέρας τε αὐτὰς καταστησάμενος ἀπεδίδοτο τοῖς ταύτην δὴ οὐκ ἀποκνοῦσι τὴν ἀνοσίαν ἐμπορίαν ἐργάζεσθαι, ἐφιεὶς διαρρήδην τοῖς τὰς ἀρχὰς ὠνησαμένοις ταῖς τῶν ἀρχομένων ψυχαῖς τε καὶ οὐσίαις ᾗ βούλοιντο χρήσασθαι.
[7] For though he deprived the soldiers on active service of all their pay, he was never seen to be moved by either shame or fear, nay, he even offered the offices for sale to a still greater extent than had been done before, and by making them less honourable he used to sell them to men who did not hesitate to carry on this unholy business, giving explicit permission to those who purchased the offices to treat the lives and property of their subjects as they wished.
[8] αὐτῷ τε γὰρ εὐθὺς καὶ τῷ τῆς ἀρχῆς καταβεβληκότι τὸ τίμημα ἡ τοῦ συλᾶν τε καὶ ἄλλως ἁρπάζειν ἐξουσία ξυνέκειτο. καὶ προῄει μὲν ἐκ τοῦ κεφαλαίου τῆς πολιτείας ἡ τῶν βίων ὠνὴ,
[8] For a bargain was straightway concluded between him and the man who had paid down the price of the office that gave the latter full licence to plunder and pillage. Thus from the capital of the State there issued the traffic in human lives, and there Peter negotiated the contract for the destruction of the cities,
[9] ἐπράττετό τε τὸ συμβόλαιον τῆς τῶν πόλεων διαφθορᾶς ἔν τε τῶν δικαστηρίων τοῖς προὔχουσι καὶ τῷ δημοσίῳ τῆς ἀγορᾶς περιήρχετο λῃστὴς ἔννομος, ὄνομα τῇ πράξει τιθεὶς τὴν συλλογὴν τῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς τιμήμασι τῆς ἀρχῆς καταβεβλημένων χρημάτων, οὐκ ἐχούσης τινὰ ἐλπίδα τῆς τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων ἐπιστροφῆς.
[9] while in the highest courts and in the public square of the market-place there paraded a legalized brigand, who described his business as the recouping of the monies put up as the price of office, there being no hope that his misdeeds ever would be punished.
[10] καὶ πάντων δὲ τῶν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὑπηρετούντων, πολλῶν τε καὶ δοκίμων ὄντων, τοὺς πονηροτάτους ἀεὶ ἐς αὑτὸν εἷλκε.
[10] And among all those who served this magistracy as subordinates, a numerous and notable company, he always drew to himself the basest men.
[11] τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ αὐτὸς ἐξήμαρτε μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅσοι ταύτην πρότερόν τε καὶ ὕστερον τὴν τιμὴν ἔσχον.
[11] But herein not he alone was guilty, but rather all who have assumed this office before and since.
[12] Ἡμαρτάνετο δὲ τοιοῦτο κἀν τῇ τοῦ μαγίστρου καλουμένου ἀρχῇ κἀν τοῖς Παλατίνοις, οἳ δὴ ἀμφί τε τοὺς θησαυροὺς καὶ τὰ πριβᾶτα καλούμενα τό τε πατριμώνιον ἐπιτελεῖν ἀεὶ τὴν ὑπουργίαν εἰώθασιν, ἐν πάσαις τε συλλήβδην εἰπεῖν ταῖς ἐν Βυζαντίῳ καὶ πόλεσι ταῖς ἄλλαις τεταγμέναις ἀρχαῖς.
[12] And a similar abuse was practised also in the office of the Magister, as he is called, and among the Palace officials who are wont to atten
d to the service that has to do with the treasures and with the funds known as privata and the administration of the patrimonium, and, broadly speaking, in all the regular offices established not only in Byzantium but also in the other cities.
[13] ἐξ οὗ γὰρ ὅδε ὁ τύραννος τὰ πράγματα διῳκήσατο, ἐν ἀρχῇ ἑκάστῃ τοὺς τοῖς ὑπηρετοῦσι προσήκοντας πόρους πὴ μὲν αὐτὸς, πὴ δὲ ὁ τὴν τιμὴν ἔχων προσεποιοῦντο ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ, οἵ τε αὐτοῖς ἐπιτάττουσιν ὑπουργοῦντες πενόμενοι τὰ ἔσχατα πάντα τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον δουλοπρεπέστατα ὑπουργεῖν ἠναγκάζοντο.
[13] For since the time when this tyrant took charge of affairs, in each office the revenues which belonged to the minor officials were regularly claimed, without just reason, sometimes by Justinian himself, and sometimes by the man who held the office; and the men who served under their orders, being extremely poor, throughout this whole period were compelled to work under most servile conditions.
[14] Σίτου δὲ πολλοῦ κομιδῆ ἐς Βυζάντιον κεκομισμένου ἐσεσήπει μὲν ὁ πλεῖστος ἤδη, αὐτὸς δὲ τοῦτον πόλεσι ταῖς ἑῴαις ἐπέβαλλε κατὰ λόγον ἑκάστῃ, καίπερ οὐκ ἔχοντα ἐπιτηδείως ἐς βρῶσιν ἀνθρώπων, ἐπέβαλλέ τε, οὐχ ᾗπερ ἀποδίδοσθαι τὸν κάλλιστον σῖτον εἰώθει, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ ἀξιώτερον, ἦν τε τοῖς ὠνουμένοις ἐπάναγκες χρήματα μεγάλα προεμένοις ἐπὶ τιμήμασι φορτικωτάτοις, εἶτα τὸν σῖτον ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ἢ ἔς τινα ὑδροχόην ἀπορριπτεῖν.
[14] Now at one time a very great quantity of grain had been transported to Byzantium, but after the largest part of this had rotted already, he himself consigned it in proportionate quantities to each several city of the East, though it was not suitable to be eaten by man; and he consigned it, not at the price at which the finest grain is wont to be sold, but at a much higher price, and it was necessary for the purchasers, after spending very great sums of money to meet the very oppressive prices, to throw the grain into the sea or a sewer.
[15] ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ σίτου ἀκραιφνοῦς τε καὶ οὔπω σεσηπότος μέγα τι πλῆθος ἐνταῦθα ἀπέκειτο, καὶ τοῦτο πλείστων τῶν πόλεων ταῖς σίτου ὑποσπανιζούσαις ἀπεμπολεῖν ἔγνω.
[15] And since a huge supply of sound grain which had not yet rotted also lay in storage there, he decided to sell off this too to the very large number of the cities which were in some need of grain.
[16] ταύτῃ γὰρ διπλάσια τὰ χρήματα ἐποίει ἅπερ τοῖς ὑποτελέσι τὸ δημόσιον ὑπὲρ τοῦδε τοῦ σίτου τὰ πρότερα ἐλελόγιστο.
[16] For in this way he made double the money which the Treasury had previously paid to the tributary states for this same grain.
[17] ἀλλ̓ ἐπεὶ ἐς νέωτα οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἡ τῶν καρπῶν φορὰ ἤκμαζεν, ἐνδεεστέρως μὲν ἢ κατὰ χρείαν ἐς Βυζάντιον ὁ σιταγωγὸς στόλος ἀφίκετο, Πέτρος δὲ τοῖς παροῦσι διαπορούμενος, ἐκ τῶν ἔν τε Βιθυνίᾳ καὶ Φρυγίᾳ καὶ Θρᾴκῃ χωρίων πρίασθαι μέγα τι χρῆμα σίτου
[17] But the next year, when the crop of the grains was no longer bountiful to the same degree, the grain-fleet arrived in Byzantium with less than was needed, and Peter, being at a loss because of this situation, decided to buy from the farm-lands of Bithynia and Phrygia and Thrace a great supply of grain.
[18] ἠξίου. ἦν τε ἀναγκαῖον τοῖς ταύτῃ οἰκοῦσι μέχρι μὲν ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν πόνῳ πολλῷ τὰ φορτία φέρειν, ἐς Βυζάντιον δὲ ξὺν κινδύνῳ αὐτὰ ἐσκομίζεσθαι καὶ βραχέα μὲν τιμήματα δῆθεν τῷ λόγῳ πρὸς αὐτοῦ φέρεσθαι, τὴν ζημίαν δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐς τοσόνδε μεγέθους καθίστασθαι ὥστε ἀγαπᾶν ἤν τις αὐτοὺς ἐῴη τόν τε σῖτον οἴκῳ δημοσίῳ χαρίζεσθαι καὶ τίμημα ἕτερον ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ κατατιθέναι.
[18] And the inhabitants of these regions were compelled to transport with great labour the cargoes to the sea and to convey them to Byzantium at great peril, and to receive from him the small amounts which passed for prices; and the loss for them mounted up to such a figure that they were glad to be permitted to present the grain to a government warehouse and to deposit a further payment for the privilege.
[19] τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἄχθος ὅπερ καλεῖν συνωνὴν νενομίκασιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐδ̓ ὣς σῖτος ἐν Βυζαντίῳ κατὰ τὴν χρείαν ἱκανὸς ἐγεγόνει, πολλοὶ τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐς βασιλέα διέβαλλον.
[19] This is the burden which they are accustomed to call “requisition.” But when even thus the supply of grain in Byzantium had not become sufficient to meet the need, many made bitter complaints of the situation to the Emperor.
[20] ἅμα δὲ καὶ οἱ στρατευόμενοι σχεδόν τι ἅπαντες ἅτε τὰς εἰωθυίας οὐ κεκομισμένοι ξυντάξεις, θορύβῳ τε ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν καὶ ταραχῇ πολλῇ εἴχοντο.
[20] And at the same time pretty nearly all the men in military service, seeing that they had not received their usual pay, gave themselves over to tumults and disturbances throughout the city.
[21] βασιλεὺς μὲν οὖν ἤδη τε αὐτῷ χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ἔδοξε καὶ παραλύειν αὐτὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἤθελε διά τε ταῦτα ἅπερ ἐρρήθη καὶ ὅτι χρήματα δαιμονίως μεγάλα ἠκηκόει αὐτῷ ἀποκεκρύφθαι,
[21] So the Emperor seemed at last to be vexed with the man and wished to relieve him of his office both on account of these facts which have been mentioned and also because he had heard that a prodigious amount of money had been hidden away by him, which, as it chanced, he had filched from the Government. And this was true.
[22] ἅπερ ἐκ τοῦ δημοσίου σεσυληκὼς ἔτυχε. καὶ ἦν δὲ οὕτως. Θεοδώρα δὲ τὸν ἄνδρα οὐκ εἴα. ἐκτόπως γὰρ τὸν Βαρσύμην ἠγάπα, ἐμοὶ μὲν δοκεῖ, τῆς τε πονηρίας ἕνεκα καὶ τοῦ τοῖς κατηκόοις διαφερόντως λυμαίνεσθαι.
[22] But Theodora would not permit her husband to act; for she had an extraordinary affection for Barsymes on account of his depravity, as it seems to me, and because he was exceedingly efficient in bringing ruin upon the citizens.
[23] αὐτή τε γὰρ ὠμοτάτη ἦν καὶ ἀπανθρωπίας ἀτεχνῶς ἔμπλεως καὶ τοὺς ὑπουργοῦντας ἠξίου τὰ ἐς τὸν τρόπον αὐτῇ ἐπιτηδείως ὡς μάλιστα ἔχειν.
[23] For she herself was a very ruthless person and completely filled with inhuman cruelty, and she required that her minions should conform as closely as possible to herself in character.
[24] φασὶ δὲ αὐτὴν καὶ καταμαγευθεῖσαν πρὸς τοῦ Πέτρου ἀκούσιον αὐτῷ εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχειν.
[24] But they say that she was put under a spell by Peter and shewed him favour against her will.
[25] περί τε γὰρ τοὺς φαρμακέας καὶ
τὰ δαιμόνια περιέργως ἐσπουδάκει ὁ Βαρσύμης οὗτος, καὶ τοὺς καλουμένους Μανιχαίους ἐτεθήπει τε καὶ αὐτῶν προστατεῖν ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς οὐδαμῆ ἀπηξίου.
[25] For this Barsymes had shewn an exceptional interest in sorcerers and in the evil spirits, and he had a great admiration for the Manichaeans, as they are called, and never hesitated to stand forth openly as their champion.
[26] καίτοι καὶ ταῦτα ἡ βασιλὶς ἀκούσασα οὐ μεθῆκε τὴν ἐς τὸν ἄνθρωπον εὔνοιαν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἔτι διὰ ταῦτα περιστέλλειν τε καὶ ἀγαπᾶν ἔγνω.
[26] And yet, even when the Empress heard of these reports, she did not abate her good-will towards the man, but she saw fit to both protect and cherish him even more on this account.
[27] μάγοις τε γὰρ καὶ φαρμακεῦσι καὶ αὐτὴ ὁμιλήσασα ἐκ παιδὸς ἅτε τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αὐτὴν ἐς τοῦτο ἀγόντων διεβίω πιστεύουσά τε τῷ πράγματι τούτῳ καὶ αὐτῷ τὸ θαρσεῖν ἐς ἀεὶ ἔχουσα.
[27] For she too from childhood on had consorted with magicians and sorcerers, her habits of life seeming to lead her in this direction, and throughout her life she retained her faith in such things and always based her confidence upon them.
[28] λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἰουστινιανὸν οὐ τοσοῦτον θωπεύουσα χειροήθη ποιήσασθαι, ὅσον τῇ ἐκ τῶν δαιμονίων ἀνάγκῃ.
Delphi Complete Works of Procopius Page 567