by Helen Fry
20.WO 32/17501.
21.Letter dated 22 March 1960 in WO 32/17501.
22.Ibid.
23.Ibid.
24.Reply sent on 19 July 1960, in WO 32/17501.
25.WO 208/5572.
26.Ibid.
27.Ibid.
28.Ibid.
Epilogue: The legacy
1.WO 208/3548.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Archives
ADM 223/84; ADM 223/475; AIR 20/3648; AIR 20/11930; AIR 39/45; AIR 40/2265; AIR 40/2266; AIR 40/2636; CRES 35/3074; CRES 35/3104; CRES 43/78; CRES 43/81; CRES 57/26; CRES 65/49; CRES 65/108; DEFE 2/83; DEFE 2/222–224; DEFE 2/1408; FO 366/3440; FO 371/48038; FO 371/57595; FO 939/458; FO 1024/103; FO 1060/215; FO 1093/1–16; HO 45/25333; HS 1/189; HS 9/855–857 (personal SOE file of Kurt Koenig); HW 14/44; KV 2/11; KV 2/13; KV 2/18; KV 2/61; KV 2/470–479: KV 4/191; KV 4/302; KV 4/468; KV 6/33 (files relating to Kurt Koenig’s interrogation at London District Cage); L 25/10/1945; LCO 53/91; LRRO 1/4459; LRRO 1/5038; PRO 57/3032; TS 50/3; WO 32/14552; WO 32/17501 (correspondence with Jeremy Thorpe MP, and references to suicides); WO 33/2335; WO 165/41 (MI19 official war diary); WO 188/2800; WO 193/791 (military use of drugs); WO 199/3303; WO 204/362; WO 204/11469; WO 204/12798; WO 208/3458; WO 208/3513; WO 208/3525; WO 208/3530 (reports from Camp Comrie); WO 208/3548; WO 208/3621; WO 208/3646; WO 208/3647; WO 208/3651 (the Devizes plot); WO 208/3660; WO 208/3661; WO 208/4200; WO 208/4294; WO 208/4295 (interrogations on the massacre at Wormhoudt); WO 208/4297; WO 208/4298; WO 208/4299; WO 208/4300; WO 208/4300/1 (closed extracts, two pages recovered from Colonel Scotland’s miscellaneous papers); WO 208/4461; WO 208/4633 (murder of Rosterg); WO 208/4643; WO 208/4647; WO 208/4655; WO 208/4661; WO 208/4663; WO 208/4667; WO 208/4668; WO 208/4669; WO 208/4670; WO 208/4671; WO 208/4685; WO 208/4970 (history of MI19 and list of officers); WO 208/5013; WO 208/5381 (impounding of Scotland’s memoirs, and copy of his uncensored memoirs); WO 208/5494; WO 208/5561; WO 208/5572; WO 208/5615; WO 235/367–375 (Kesselring’s trial in Venice); WO 241 (files of the Directorate of Army Psychiatry); WO 241/1 (includes article ‘The Physiological Foundations of the Wehrmacht’ by Lieutenant Colonel H.V. Dicks); WO 309/720; WO 309/2197; WO 311/16–17; WO 311/61 (list of prisoners of war, complaints against WCIU); WO 311/356 (Ardeatine caves massacre); WO 311/566 (Knöchlein and Bruchardt allegations of mistreatment); WO 311/632; WO 311/383–387; WO 311/676; WO 373/100; WO 373/111/2; WORK 16/1564.
Other archives
Papers of interrogator Captain A.E. Haswell-Miller of PWIS, held at the Military Intelligence Museum archives, Chicksands; interview with Alfred Conrad Wernard, Reference 18573, Reel 5 at the Sound Archive at the Imperial War Museum (London); and unpublished memoirs and papers of Randoll Coate, kindly loaned by Pamela Coate (copies also exist in the Military Intelligence Museum).
Unpublished papers
From Military Intelligence Museum archives at Chicksands: The Pantcheff Papers; Gil Hayward, Dollis Hill in the Desert: 1940–44 (CSDIC Cairo); Fred Judge, Special Duties and the Intelligence Corps 1940 to 1946.
Published works
Atkin, Nicholas. The Forgotten French in the British Isles, 1940–44, Manchester University Press, 2013.
Birdsall, Mark and Deborah Plisko. The Insider’s Guide to 500 Spy Sites in London, Eye Spy Publishing Ltd, 2015.
Cobain, Ian. Cruel Britannia: A secret history of torture, Portobello Books, 2013.
— The History Thieves: Secrets, lies and the shaping of a modern nation, Portobello Books, 2016.
De Normann, Roderick. For Führer and Fatherland: SS murder and mayhem in wartime Britain, Sutton, 1996.
Foot, M.R.D. MI9: Escape and evasion 1939–1945, BCA, 1979.
Fraser-Smith, Charles. The Secret War of Charles Fraser-Smith, Michael Joseph, 1981.
Freeman, H. ‘In conversation with William Sargant’, Bulletin of Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1 (1987).
Fry, Helen. The M Room: Secret listeners who bugged the Nazis in WW2, 2nd edn, Thistle Publishing, 2015.
— Spymaster: The secret life of Kendrick, 2nd edn, Thistle Publishing, 2015.
Hoare, Oliver (ed.). Camp 020: MI5 and Nazi spies – The official history of MI5’s wartime interrogation centre, Public Record Office, 2000.
Jackson, Sophie. British Interrogation Techniques in the Second World War, The History Press, 2012.
Jeffery, Keith. MI6: The history of the SIS, 1909–1949, Bloomsbury, 2010.
Jonason, Tommy and Simon Olsson. Agent TATE: The wartime story of Harry Williamson, Amberley, 2011.
Jones, R.V. Most Secret War, Penguin, 2009.
Lee, Martin. Acid Dreams, Grove Press, 2000.
Leon, Gary. The Way It Was, Book Guild Ltd, 1997.
Lewis, Damien. Hunting Hitler’s Nukes, Quercus, 2016.
Liddell, Guy. The Guy Liddell Diaries, Vol. 1, 1939–1942, ed. Nigel West, Routledge, 2009.
— The Guy Liddell Diaries, Vol. 2, 1942–1945, ed. Nigel West, Routledge, 2009.
McLachlan, Donald. Room 39: Naval Intelligence in action 1939–45, Weidenfeld, 1968.
Neitzel, Sönke (ed.). Tapping Hitler’s Generals: Transcripts of secret conversations, 1942–45, Frontline, 2007.
Neitzel, Sönke and Harald Welzer. Soldaten: On fighting, killing and dying, Simon and Schuster, 2012.
Sargant, William. Battle for the Mind: A physiology of conversion and brainwashing, Doubleday, 1957.
— The Unquiet Mind, William Heinemann, 1967.
Scotland, Alexander P. The London Cage, Evans Brothers Ltd, 1957.
Streatfeild, Dominic. Brainwash: The secret history of mind control, Hodder and Stoughton, 2007.
Sullivan, Matthew Barry. Thresholds of Peace: German prisoners and the people of Britain, Hamish Hamilton, 1979.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
4 Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 8 Courtesy Mrs Pamela Coate. 9 Courtesy Nigel Morgan. 10, 12, 16, 18, 22 and 24 Courtesy Eye Spy Intelligence Magazine. 11 Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R93434. 13 Historic England (RAF Photography). 14 Courtesy Carol Ann Curties. 23 Courtesy Lucy Sheffel. 25 Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
INDEX
Absalom, Gunther (i)
AD1(K) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Admiral Graf Spree (battleship) (i)
Air Intelligence (i), (ii)
Aitken-Sneath, Francis (i), (ii)
Akershus fortress (Oslo) (i), (ii), (iii)
Allied Control Commission (i)
America see United States
amytal sodium (i)
Anglo-American cooperation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ardeatine caves massacre (i), (ii), (iii)
Army Psychiatry Advisory Committee (i)
Asche, Major P.S. (i)
atrocities (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii)
Aumeier, Hans (i)
Auschwitz (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Bad Nenndorf (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
barbiturates, use of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Battle of the Atlantic (i)
Baum, Otto (i), (ii)
BCRA see Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’Action
Beaumont-Nesbitt, Major-General Frederick (i)
Behrens, Lieutenant-General Karl (i)
Belgium (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Belper, Ronnie Strutt, Lord (i), (ii), (iii)
Benzedrine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (i), (ii)
Biddle, Major-General William (i)
Bismarck (battleship) (i)
Bletchley Park (i), (ii)
Bonwitt, Wilhelm (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bourne End (Bucks.) (i), (ii)
Bowes, Wing Commander (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Boyle, Air Commodore Archibald Robert (i)
Bluebird, Project (i)
brainwashing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Brauchits
ch, Field Marshal Walther von (i)
Breslau (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) (i), (ii), (iii)
Broderman, Major A. (i), (ii), (iii)
Brompton Oratory School (i), (ii)
Broughton, Colonel J. (i)
Brown, William (i), (ii)
Bruchardt, SS Colonel General Reinhold (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Brüling, Heinz (i), (ii)
Bruneval raid (i)
Buchenwald concentration camp (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Bureau Central de Renseignements et d’Action (BCRA) (i)
Cambridge interrogation courses (i)
Camp 020 (Latchmere House) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Camp 11 (Bridgend) (i), (ii)
Camp 186 (Colchester) (i), (ii)
Camp X (Canada) (i)
Canada (i), (ii)
Caroe, Victor (MI5) (i), (ii), (iii)
Castel, Madame (i), (ii), (iii)
Cell 12 (i)
Cell 14 (i), (ii)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (i), (ii), (iii)
Churchill, Winston (i), (ii), (iii)
CIA see Central Intelligence Agency
Coate, Randoll (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Cold War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Colditz Castle (i), (ii)
Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre (CSDIC) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Commando Order (1942) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
commando raids (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Comrie POW camp (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
concentration camps (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
Conway, Sergeant (i), (ii)
Cornish, Maurice (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Craigie, Sir Robert (i)
Crasemann, Eduard (i)
Creton, Louis (i), (ii)
Crown Estate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
CSDIC see Combined Services Detailed Interrogation Centre
D-Day (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Dachau concentration camp (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Daley, Charles Edward (i)
Dansey, Claude (i), (ii)
Danzig (i)
Devizes (camp) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Devizes plot (i), (ii), (iii)
Dicks, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Victor (i), (ii), (iii)
Dieppe (i)
Dietrich, SS General Sepp (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
discipline of POWs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Donovan, OSS William (i), (ii)
Double Cross System (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
drugs
and US intelligence (i)
use of in interrogation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Druwe, Heinz (i), (ii), (iii)
Dunkirk (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Duveen, Joseph, Baron Duveen of Millbank (i), (ii), (iii)
Eden, Anthony (i)
Edwards, Colonel Sheffield (i)
Egger, Captain E. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Eicke, SS General Theodor (i)
electric shock treatment/devices (i), (ii), (iii)
electroconvulsive therapy (i)
Emke, SS Master Sergeant Theodor (i), (ii)
Emsland case (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
enemy spies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
escape
of German POWs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
from Stalag Luft III see ‘Great Escape, the’; Stalag Luft III
Esterwegen holding camp (i), (ii)
Estonia (i)
Evipan (i)
Evans, Private Albert (i)
Evans, Bob (diver) (i)
Eversfield, Martin (i), (ii)
Falke, Lieutenant Hans (i), (ii)
Falkenhorst, General Nikolaus von (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Fallingbostel holding camp (i), (ii)
Felkin, Samuel Denys (i), (ii), (iii)
First World War (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Fleming, Ian (i), (ii)
Flossenbürg (i)
Foreign Office (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
France (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)
Fraser-Smith, Charles (i)
Frost, Malcolm (i)
Geneva Convention, contravention of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)
German spies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Germany (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii)
Gestapo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii)
Gibson Graham, Lieutenant Colonel J. (i)
Gill, Sergeant Robert William (i)
Glossop, Major Dale (i), (ii)
Gmeiner, Josef (i)
Gneisenau (battleship) (i)
Godfrey, Vice Admiral John (i), (ii), (iii)
Goltz, Joachim (i), (ii)
Göring, Hermann (i), (ii), (iii)
Graevenitz, General von (i)
‘Great Escape, the’ (i), (ii)
Greece (i), (ii)
Green, Captain Lawrence (i)
Grizedale Hall (i), (ii)
Grosch, Walther (i)
Haley, Lucy (i)
Hansel, Richard (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Harster, SS General Wilhelm (i), (ii), (iii)
Hass, Karl (i), (ii)
Hay, Captain C. (i), (ii)
Heer, Commander (i), (ii), (iii)
Hepton, Lieutenant R.A. (i), (ii), (iii)
Herzig, Rolf (i), (ii), (iii)
Hess, Rudolf (i), (ii), (iii)
Heydte, Friedrich von der (i), (ii)
Hill, Bernard (MI5) (i), (ii)
Himmler, Heinrich (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Hinchley-Cooke, William Edward (i)
Hitler, Adolf (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)
Höss, Rudolf (i)
Horsley, Dr J. Stephen (i)
hypnosis (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
insulin, military use of (i), (ii)
insulin shock therapy (i)
Intelligence Corps (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)
International Red Cross (i), (ii), (iii)
interrogation (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv)
about concentration camps (i)
military guidelines for (i), (ii), (iii)
psychological aspects of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
use of drugs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
interrogators (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii)
American (i), (ii), (iii)
qualities of (i), (ii)
Italy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Jews (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Joint Intelligence Committee (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
K tablets (i)
Kaltenbrun
ner, Ernst (i)
Kappler, Herbert (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Keitel, Wilhelm (i), (ii), (iii)
Kempton Park (cage) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Kendrick, Thomas Joseph (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Kensington Palace (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Kensington Palace Gardens (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Nos. 6–7 (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Nos. 8 and 8a (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi) see also Room 22
Kesselring, Field Marshal Albert (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Kettler, Hans (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Kidder, G.A. (i), (ii)
Kieser, W. (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Kiowsky, Friedrich (i), (ii)
Kirby-Green, T.G. (i)
Klein, Hans (i), (ii), (iii)
Knight, Maxwell (MI5) (i)
Knöchlein, Fritz (i), (ii), (iii)
Koch, S. (Hans) see Tanzmann, Helmut
Koenig, Erich Pallme (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Koenig, Kurt (i)
Kyval, Herbert (i), (ii)
Latchmere House (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) see also Camp 020
Latimer House (Bucks.) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Lawrence, Peter (i)
Le Paradis massacre (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Lemelsen, General Joachim (i)
Lent, Franz von (i)
Leon, Gary (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Lessing, Edward ‘Ted’ (i)
Liddell, Guy (MI5) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Lindeiner, Friedrich von (i), (ii), (iii)
Lingfield Park (cage) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Łódź Ghetto (i), (ii)
Lofoten islands, raid on (i)
London Cage see Kensington Palace Gardens
Lovell, Stanley P. (i)
LSSAH (SS regiment) (i)
Lublin (i), (ii)
Luftwaffe (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
MacArthur, General Sir William (i)
Macintosh, Campbell (i), (ii)
Mackensen, General Eberhard (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
MacLeod, Cyril (i), (ii)
Mälzer, General Kurt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Manstein, General von (i), (ii)
Marriott, John (Double Cross System) (i)
Marshall-Cornwall, General Sir James (i), (ii)