All the Single Ladies: Unmarried Women and the Rise of an Independent Nation

by Traister, Rebecca

  7. Chambers-Schiller, Liberty, A Better Husband, 68.

  8. Guy-Scheftall and Johnnetta Cole, Words of Fire, 99.

  9. Gunning, Sandra, Race, Rape, and Lynching, 122.

  10. Chambers Schiller, Liberty, a Better Husband, 66.

  11. Ibid, 98.

  12. Rosin, Hanna, “The End of Men,” The Atlantic, July/August 2010, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-end-of-men/308135/.

  13. “Percentage Degrees Awarded to Women,” The Washington Post online, May, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2013/05/its_getting_better-degrees-women.jpg.

  14. Mercado, Monica and Katherin Turk, “On Equal Terms: Educating Women at the University of Chicago,” The University of Chicago Library, http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/webexhibits/OnEqualTerms/NoneDebateOverSexSegregation.html.

  15. Rosenberg, Rosalind, Beyond Separate Spheres: Intellectual Roots of Modern Feminism, 44.

  16. Bronski, Peter, “A Woman’s Place,” Vassar Alumnae Quarterly, January 2011, http://vq.vassar.edu/issues/2011/01/features/a-womans-place.html.

  17. D’Emilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, 1988, 190.

  18. Israel, Bachelor Girl, 30.

  19. Ibid., 39.

  20. Weiss, Sasha, “A Study in Farewells: Kristin Wiig and Peggy Olson,” The NewYorker.com, June 1, 2012, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/culture/2012/06/a-study-in-farewells-kristen-wiig-and-peggy-olson.html.

  21. Chambers-Schiller, Liberty a Better Husband, 164.

  22. Venker, Suzanne, “Why Women Still Need Husbands,” foxnews.com, December 6, 2013, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/12/06/why-women-still-need-husbands/.

  23. “Many Millennials Say Women Are More Focused on Careers than Men,” in “On Pay Gap, Millennial Women Near Parity, Pew Research Center, December 10, 2013, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/12/11/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now/sdt-gender-and-work-12-2013-0-08/.

  24. Flock, Elizabeth, “Book Says Supreme Court Crashed Sonia Sotomayor’s Personal Life,” USNews.com, July 17, 2012.

  25. Klein, Ezra, “Nine Facts About Marriage and Childbirth in the United States,” The Washington Post, March 25, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/25/nine-facts-about-marriage-and-childbirth-in-the-united-states/.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Coe, Alexis, “Being Married Helps Professors Get Ahead, but Only if They’re Male,” TheAtlantic.com, January 17, 2013.

  28. Miller, Claire Cain, “The Motherhood Penalty vs. The Fatherhood Bonus,” The New York Times, September 6, 2014.

  29. Lemmon, Gayle Tzemach, “I’m Not Your Wife! A New Study Points to a Hidden Form of Sexism,” TheAtlantic.com, June 5, 2012.

  30. Rikleen, Lauren Stiller, “Are Working Women Held Back?” Harvard Business Review, December 2012.

  31. Alazraki, Melly, “Young Single Women Now Earn More than Men,” DailyFinance.com, September 1, 2010, http://www.dailyfinance.com/2010/09/01/young-single-women-earn-more-than-men/.

  32. Miller, Claire Cain, “The Motherhood Penalty vs. The Fatherhood Bonus,” The New York Times, September 6, 2014.

  33. Cardona, Mercedes M.,“Single Minded Marketing: A Multitrillion Dollar Opportunity,” cmo.com, April 17, 2013, http://www.cmo.com/articles/2013/4/16/single_minded_marketing.html.

  34. Swartz, Jon, “How Women are Changing the Tech World,” USA Today, June 6, 2012.

  35. “Indie Women,” The Curve Report, NBC Universal, http://thecurvereport.com/category/films/indie-women/.

  36. Bolick, Kate, “For Women, Is Home Really So Sweet?” The Wall Street Journal, February 18, 2012.

  37. “Field Guide to Women Homebuyers,” Realtor.com, June 2015, http://www.realtor.org/field-guides/field-guide-to-women-homebuyers.

  38. Elmer, Vickie, “Wed, in all but Finances,” New York Times, July 5, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/realestate/mortgages-wed-in-all-but-finances.html?_r=1&hp.

  39. Coontz, Marriage a History, 168.

  40. Ibid., 169.

  Chapter Seven: For Poorer

  1. Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams, “The Girls Obama Forgot,” The New York Times, July 7, 2014.

  2. Hollar, Julie, “Wealth Gap Yawns, and so does Media,” FAIR Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, June 1, 2010, http://fair.org/extra-online-articles/wealth-gap-yawns8212and-so-do-media/.

  3. Fairchild, Caroline, “Number of Fortune 500 Women CEOS Reaches Historic High,” Fortune.com, June 6, 2014, http://fortune.com/2014/06/03/number-of-fortune-500-women-ceos-reaches-historic-high/.

  4. Howard, Caroline, “The New Class of Female CEOs” Forbes, August 22, 2012, http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/.

  5. Rivers, Caryl, “The End of Men? Not so Fast,” The Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/caryl-rivers/the-end-of-men-eyewash_b_624309.html.

  6. Luscombe, Belinda, “Workplace Salaries: At Last, Women on Top,” Time, September 1, 2010.

  7. Coontz, “The Myth of Male Decline,” New York Times, September 29, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/30/opinion/sunday/the-myth-of-male-decline.html?pagewanted=all.

  8. “On Pay Gap, Millennial Women Near Parity for Now,” Pew Research Group, December 11, 2013, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/12/11/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now/. And “Do Men Really Earn More Than Women?” Payscale.com, http://www.payscale.com/gender-lifetime-earnings-gap.

  9. Coontz, “The Myth of Male Decline,” New York Times, September 29, 2012.

  10. Schwartz, Madeleine, “Opportunity Costs: The True Price of Internships,” Winter 2013, http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/opportunity-costs-the-true-price-of-internships.

  11. DeParle, Jason, “Two Classes, Divided By I Do,” New York Times, July 7, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/us/two-classes-in-america-divided-by-i-do.html.

  12. Confessore, Nick, “Tramps Like Them: Charles Murray Examines the White Working Class in ‘Coming Apart,’ ” New York Times, February 10, 2012.

  13. Rampell, Catherine, “Bundled Households,” New York Times, November 12, 2012, http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/12/bundled-households/.

  14. Arnold, Lisa and Christina Campbell, “The High Price of Being Single in America,” January 14, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/01/the-high-price-of-being-single-in-america/267043/.

  15. Palmer, Kimberly, “Why Single People Are So Financially Stressed,” USNews.com, October 17, 2010.

  16. Correll, Shelley, Steven Bernard, In Paik, “Getting a Job: Is there a Motherhood Penality?” American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 112, No. 5, March, 2007, 1297–1339, http://gender.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/motherhoodpenalty.pdf.

  17. Coontz, Stephanie, “Progress at Work, But Mothers Still Pay a Price,” New York Times, June 8, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/opinion/sunday/coontz-richer-childless-women-are-making-the-gains.html.

  18. Wang, Wendy and Kim Parker and Paul Taylor, “Breadwinner Moms,” Pew Research Center, May 29, 2013, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/05/29/breadwinner-moms/.

  19. Hymowitz, Kay and Jason S. Carroll, W. Bradford Wilcox, Kelleen Kaye, “Knot Yet Report: What Does the Rising Marriage Age Mean For Twentysomething Women, Men and Families?” 2012, http://twentysomethingmarriage.org/.

  20. Castillo, Michelle, “Almost Half of First Babies in US Born to Unwed Mothers,” CBS News, March 15, 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/almost-half-of-first-babies-in-us-born-to-unwed-mothers/.

  21. Angier, Natalie, “The Changing American Family,” The New York Times, November 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/health/families.html.

  22. Sawhill, Isabel, “The New White Negro,” Washington Monthly, January/February 2013, http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/january_february_2013/features/the_new_white_negro042050.php?page=all.

  23. Edin, Kathryn and Maria Kefalas, “Why Poor Women Put Motherhood Before Marriage,” published by the National Poverty Center, March 12, 2013, h
ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRUj_C5JdHs. Talk stems from Promises I Can Keep by Edin and Kefalas.

  24. “Phyllis Schlafly Still Championing the Anti-Feminist Fight,” Tell Me More, NPR, March 30, 2011, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=134981902.

  25. Fleischer, Ari, “How to Fight Income Inequality: Get Married,” The Wall Street Journal, January 12, 2014.

  26. Bruenig, Matt, “The Single Mother, Child Poverty Myth,” Demos, April 14, 2014, http://www.demos.org/blog/4/14/14/single-mother-child-poverty-myth.

  27. Rector, Robert, “Marriage: America’s Greatest Weapon Against Child Poverty,” The Heritage Foundation, September 5, 2012, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/09/marriage-americas-greatest-weapon-against-child-poverty.

  28. Mencimer, Stephanie, “The GOP’s Dead End Marriage Program,” Mother Jones, June 25, 2012, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/06/gops-dead-end-marriage-program.

  29. Covert, Bryce, “Heritage Panel tells Women that the Road to Economic Security is Marriage, not Feminism,” Think Progress, April 1, 2014, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/04/01/3421603/heritage-marriage-poverty/.

  30. “Minnesota Family Investment Program,” Minnesota Department of Human Services.

  31. Fremstad, Shawn and Melissa Boteach, “How Progressive Policies Can Strengthen Marriage and Family Life,” Family Studies, February 10, 2015, http://family-studies.org/how-progressive-policies-can-strengthen-marriage-and-family-life/.

  32. “New Hope Project,” Promising Practices, http://www.promisingpractices.net/program.asp?programid=269.

  33. Gassman-Pines, Anna and Hirokazu Yoshikawa, “Five Year Effects of an Anti-Poverty Program on Marriage among Never-Married Mothers” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2006, 11–30, http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/scmsAdmin/media/users/jr189/Five_Year_Effects_of_Antipoverty_Program.pdf.

  34. Covert, Bryce, “Senator Floats Idea to Penalize Low-Income Women Who Have Children,” Think Progress, January 29, 2014, http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/01/29/3220881/rand-paul-welfare-cap-children/.

  35. “Rand Paul and the Extent of Marital Poverty in Kentucky,” CEPR Blog, Center for Economic and Policy Research, January 30, 2014, http://www.cepr.net/blogs/cepr-blog/rand-paul-and-the-extent-of-marital-poverty-in-kentucky. Via Shawn Fremstad,“Temporary Assistance Doesn’t Help Impoverished Married Parents,” TalkPoverty.org, May 1, 2015, http://talkpoverty.org/2015/05/01/temporary-assistance/.

  36. Senate Bill 518, General Assembly of North Carolina, Session 2013, April 1, 2013, http://www.ncleg.net/Sessions/2013/Bills/Senate/PDF/S518v1.pdf.

  37. Marcotte, Amanda, “The Worst State for Women?” The American Prospect, January 13, 2013, http://prospect.org/article/worst-state-women.

  38. Hymowitz, Kay and Jason S. Carroll, W. Bradford Wilcox, Kelleen Kaye, “Knot Yet Report: What Does the Rising Marriage Age Mean For Twentysomething Women, Men and Families?” 2012, http://twentysomethingmarriage.org/.

  39. Angier, Natalie, “The Changing American Family,” The New York Times, November 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/health/families.html.

  40. Edin, Kathryn and Maria Kefalas, “Unmarried with Children,” Contexts, Vol. 4, No. 2., May, 2005, http://ctx.sagepub.com/content/4/2/16.abstract.

  41. Edin, Kathryn and Maria Kefalas, Promises I Can Keep, 185.

  42. Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, cited by Kathryn Edin Study cited by Edin and Kefalas in ““Why Poor Women Put Motherhood Before Marriage” speech.

  43. Wang, Wendy, “The Best Cities for Women Looking to Marry,” Pew Research Center, October 2, 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/the-best-and-worst-cities-for-women-looking-to-marry/.

  44. Knafo, Saki, “1 in 3 Black Men Will Go To Prison in their Lifetimes, Report Warns,” Huffington Post, October 4, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/04/racial-disparities-criminal-justice_n_4045144.html.

  45. Porter, Eduardo, “In the U.S., Punishment Comes Before the Crimes,” The New York Times, April 29, 2014.

  46. Coates, Ta-Nehesi, “The Black Family in the Age of Mass Incarceration,” The Atlantic, October, 2015.

  47. Via the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

  48. “Criminal Justice Fact Sheet,” National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, naacp.org, http://www.naacp.org/pages/criminal-justice-fact-sheet.

  49. Angier, Natalie, “The Changing American Family,” New York Times, November 26, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/26/health/families.html.

  50. Discussion between Marian Wright Edelman, Vivian Nixon, Glenn Martin, Bob Herbert on The Melissa Harris Perry Show, MSNBC, July 14, 2012.

  51. “Know Your Rights: Housing and Arrests or Criminal Convictions,” The Bronx Defenders, October 2, 1010, http://www.bronxdefenders.org/housing-and-arrests-or-criminal-convictions/.

  52. Alexander, Michelle, “The Zimmerman Mindset: Why Black Men Are the Permanent Undercaste,” July 29, 2013.

  53. Ludden, Jennifer, “Can Marriage Save Single Mothers From Poverty?” Morning Edition, NPR, September 13, 2012, http://www.npr.org/2012/09/13/161017580/can-marriage-save-single-mothers-from-poverty.

  54. Stevenson, Betsey and Justin Wolfers, “Valentine’s Day and the Economics of Love,” Bloomberg View, February 13, 2013, http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2013-02-13/valentine-s-day-and-the-economics-of-love.

  55. Fremstad, Shawn, “Temporary Assistance Doesn’t Help Impoverished Married Parents,” TalkPoverty.org, May 1, 2015, http://talkpoverty.org/2015/05/01/temporary-assistance/.

  56. Edin and Kefalas, Promises I Can Keep, 199.

  57. Coontz, Stephanie, “The Triumph of the Working Mother,” New York Times, June 1, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/opinion/sunday/coontz-the-triumph-of-the-working-mother.html?ref=global-home.

  58. Ibid.

  59. Boo, Katherine, “The Marriage Cure,” The New Yorker, August 18, 2003.

  60. Coates, Ta-Nehesi, “Of Baguettes and Black Families,” The Atlantic, September 13, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/09/of-baguettes-and-black-families/279678/.

  Chapter Eight: Sex and the Single Girls

  1. Coontz, Stephanie, Marriage: A History.

  2. Addams, Jane, The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets, 15–16. Via Louise Knight.

  3. Grimké, Sarah, “Marriage,” in Sarah Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and Other Essays. Elizabeth Ann Bartlett, ed., 148.

  4. Ibid., 148.

  5. Randall, Mercedes Moritz, Improper Bostonian: Emily Greene Balch, 398.

  6. Caplan, Paula J., “Sex and the Myth of Women’s Masochism,” Psychology Today, August 14, 2012, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/science-isnt-golden/201208/sex-and-the-myth-women-s-masochism.

  7. Trimberger, Ellen Kay, The New Single Woman, 14.

  8. Firestone, Shulamith, The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution, 152.

  9. Bilton, Nick, “Tinder, The Fast Growing Dating App, Taps and Age-Old Truth,” New York Times, October 30, 2014, http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/10/30/fashion/tinder-the-fast-growing-dating-app-taps-an-age-old-truth.html?referrer=&_r=0.

  10. Sales, Nancy Jo, “Tinder and the Dawn of the ‘Dating Apocalypse,’ ” Vanity Fair, August 2015, http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/08/tinder-hook-up-culture-end-of-dating.

  11. Massey, Alana, “The Dickonomics of Tinder,” Matter, April 30, 2015, https://medium.com/matter/the-dickonomics-of-tinder-b14956c0c2c7.

  12. McCracken, Amanda, “Does My Virginity Have a Shelf Life?” The New York Times, November 13, 2013, http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/13/does-my-virginity-have-a-shelf-life/?smid=tw-share.

  13. Tyler May, Elaine, Homeward Bound,.

  14. “Sex Will Change Totally, Liza Mundy Predicts in New Book, ‘The Richer Sex,’ ” Huffington Post, March 19, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/19/sex-richer-liza-mundy-gender-gap_n_1363917.html#s790489title=Women_Will_Refuse.

  15. F
reitas, Donna, “Time to Stop Hooking Up (You Know You Want To)” The Washington Post, March 29, 2013.

  16. Plank, Elizabeth, “There’s A Way to Discuss Hookup Culture and this Wasn’t It,” mic.com, July 15, 2013, http://mic.com/articles/54701/there-s-a-way-to-discuss-hook-up-culture-and-this-wasn-t-it.

  17. Sessions Stepp, Laura, “Cupid’s Broken Arrow,” The Washington Post, May 7, 2006, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/06/AR2006050601206.html.

  18. Douthat, Ross, “Love in the Time of Hookups,” New York Times, July 18, 2013, http://douthat.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/love-in-the-time-of-hookups/.

  19. Rosin, Hanna, “Boys on the Side, The Atlantic, September 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/09/boys-on-the-side/309062/3/.

  20. Ingeno, Lauren, “Let’s Talk (Differently) About Sex,” Inside Higher Ed, July 29, 2013, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/07/29/changing-hook-culture-conversation-college-campuses.

  21. Rosin, Hanna, “Boys on the Side, The Atlantic, September 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/09/boys-on-the-side/309062/3/.

  22. Paquette, Danielle, “Why Millennials Have Fewer Sex Partners than their Parents Did,” The Washington Post, May 6, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonkblog/wp/2015/05/06/why-millennials-have-sex-with-fewer-partners-than-their-parents-did/.

  23. Ingeno, Lauren, “Let’s Talk (Differently) About Sex,” Inside Higher Ed, July 29, 2013, http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/07/29/changing-hook-culture-conversation-college-campuses.

  24. Rosin, “Boys on the Side,” The Atlantic.

  25. Ibid.

  26. Friedman, Ann, “When Women Pursue Sex, Even Men Don’t Get It,” New York, June 4, 2013, http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/06/when-women-pursue-sex-even-men-dont-get-it.html.

  27. Kitroeff, Natalie, “In Hookups, Inequality Still Reigns,” New York Times, November 11, 2013, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/women-find-orgasms-elusive-in-hookups/.

  28. Maines, Rachel P., The Technology of Orgasm: “Hysteria,” the Vibrator, and Women’s Sexual Satisfaction. Via New York Times excerpt, http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/maines-technology.html.