With that he turned away and left, taking Mauro and Petersen with him. Alone, Elaine watched them take more epena and start to move round a blazing fire with tall, crackling flames, some way away from where she was. Soon the whole tribe was dancing in a fiery glow speckled with insects and glowing embers. They went forward and back, raising their arms. She recognized Mauro and Petersen in the crowd from their awkward movements. The beer was flowing freely. The women and, what was even more dumbfounding, the children had started to take the drug.
A change in the rhythm focused her gaze on the red glow of the fire. Elaine saw the shaman emerge from the group of dancers and come toward her accompanied by three torchbearers. Stricken with sudden terror at the idea that she might be compelled to join in the barbarous celebration, she took advantage of the darkness and hid behind a bush growing on the edge of the precipice. The shaman showed no surprise: the Messenger had gone back to Qüyririche. He had expected her to leave and raised his arms to thank her. Her sons would guide him, him and his people. The moment had come.
Elaine saw them return to the center of the clearing. The music stopped abruptly, the bodies froze in the light of the torches. The shaman briefly harangued his tribe and knelt down to kiss the earth. Then he picked up a torch, had one each given to Mauro and Petersen, and stood between them, while two other Indians positioned themselves on either side. There was a brief moment of hesitation when they started to run, but the Indians grasped the strangers by the arm and forced them to set off. Getting into the spirit of the game, Mauro shook himself free and tried to overtake everyone. Elaine thought they were going to go past her; amused, she was admiring the long ribbons of flame when she saw Mauro’s torch wobble then disappear in a wailing curve. Far from slowing down, the other runners plunged over the precipice deliberately, dragging Petersen with them. In that same futile second the shaman beat his arms as if he were trying to fly. Immediately the whole crowd of the Indians rushed toward the precipice. A blaze of fire threw itself at the night, the torches swirled and crackled, plunging into the invisible jungle, where they continued to glow, like phosphorous rockets under the sea. The plumed torsos floated for a moment, swathed in residual light, sparks of down … Angels falling.
Eléazard’s Notebooks
THE AIM OF A CHRISTIAN TEACHER: to lead the disciple back in time so he can see the real origins of his erroneous belief. Close to Platonic anamnesis.
GLOSSOLALIA … Everything begins with the myth of Pentecost: the Holy Spirit descended upon the Apostles and gave them the gift of tongues, the better to convert the unbelievers. In terms of output, of rhetorical efficiency, the ability to speak all languages or to reduce them all to one amounts to the same thing.
Ite et inflammate! Go and set on fire! Ignatius Loyola orders the members of the Society. Prattle on and make a bonfire of all dialect—nothing gets a blaze going so well as hot air.
China Monumentis remains one of the the most beautiful books it has been my privilege to hold in my hands. As in his Œdipus Ægyptiacus, Kircher creates marvels of typography in it that inspire respect.
ONCE THE CLOCK HAD BEEN INVENTED, no one went back to the hourglass except to boil eggs. There’s no alternative: we must finally take account of the sacred character of human solitude and its struggle. A moral code has no meaning except inside this combat area, that of a lucidity that is not despairing but free of false hopes of transcendence.
TURNING ONE’S BACK on the waters of the spring like the tigers of Bengal …
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE: Although unaware of it, Kircher is writing an encyclopedia of everything that is going to disappear or be called into question after him. In that sense he is the curator of knowledge already fossilized during his lifetime rather than the first museum worthy of that name. The Copernican then Galilean revolution in astronomy, the sudden extension of the chronology of the earth overturned received ideas with the violence of a tidal wave. Kircher chose not to embrace this new conception of the world but to uphold the old one at all cost. He is the Noah of his age. His life’s work is the ark of a submerged world.
THE TRAPDOOR SPIDER HAS COVERED ITSELF in a fine spider’s web. Strange. Redundant: a fly-trap set over the fly-trap.
“WHERE DOES A THING COME FROM if it has not been ready for a long time?” Father Kircher, Goethe says, always appears at the moment when he’s least expected. He’s a mediator, he gets us, like children, to put our finger on what is causing a problem.
“MACHINES FOR THINKING”: those of Lull, Kircher or Jonathan Swift in the chapter devoted to the academicians of Laputa. The same desire to combine words or concepts in an automatic way, to draw on their vast reservoir of potentialities. Equipped with a computer, Kircher would probably have used it to play chess, produce sonnets and cantatas or to shuffle the letters of the Torah ad infinitum. He would have made the numbers feel sick, hoping to get them to spew up as quickly as possible something that was worth the effort among the things that are possible.
ONCE ONE GETS INVOLVED IN BIOGRAPHY, one has to resign oneself to the role of Sancho Panza.
NEVER LOOK STRAIGHT AT THINGS, but always with a sidelong glance, the only way of bringing out their beauty and their faults. Learned from Heidegger. The parrot, not the other one. Although …
I CONTINUE ON MY WAY, resolutely, without knowing whether it’s taking me closer to or farther away from the essential, without even knowing whether it’s going anywhere.
AMAZING THE ROCK: a process that consists of heating the surface of the stone rapidly then pouring water over it to make it splinter. Loredana … It’s left me shattered.
ALFREDO, TRYING TO CONSOLE ME: Life’s a brassiere, put your breasts in it! La vida é um soutien, meta od peitos!
THE 36th STRATAGEM. Recommended by Kircher, the truth as the ultimate resort against the plague …
IF ALL CERTAINTY has been lost and the unity between ourselves and things betrayed by a book, it is by another book that the unity will be re-established. We deride this obvious fact so often and so dishonestly that we must be blind, or content to enjoy the happiness of an abandoned animal.
A LITTLE NOTICE on the ferry to São Luís: “Man overboard: if you see someone fall into the sea or see someone in the sea, shout, ‘Man overboard on the starboard side.’ ” I must have fallen on the port side.
“THE STONE IS GOD, but it doesn’t know it is and it is the fact of not knowing that defines it as a stone.” Meister Eckhart. Relate that to Lichtenberg and the dreams of drunk elephants: “Just before going to sleep a dog or a drunk elephant might have ideas that would not be unworthy of a master philosopher; they are, however, of no use to them and are immediately erased by excessively excitable sensory organs.”
NEWS ITEM: In Australia six men became amnesiac after eating mussels …
1 The Peripatetic Scale (of a balance).
CHAPTER 31
On the conversation Athanasius had with Chus, the negro, & the remarkable conclusions he drew from it
ALTHOUGH HAVING BEEN decimated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard in 1664, recently the Turkish armies of Mehmet IV had been going from victory to victory. After having taken the islands of Tenedos & Lemnos from the Venetians, Kupruli Ahmet, the Sultan’s son, seized Galicia & then Podolia. Besieged for months, Crete put up valiant resistance to the attacks of the infidel hordes but in the winter of 1669 we were plunged into despair at the news of the capture of Candia & the complete rout of the soldiers of the true faith. Post hoc, sed propter hoc1 the Church lost its most ardent defender with the death of Pope Clement IX from grief on hearing the news.
He was succeeded by Cardinal Emilio Altieri under the name of Clement X.
The publication of Latium in 1671 brought Kircher a chorus of universal praise. Nothing was as beautiful as the plates in that book and it sold out very quickly. My master often talked of giving it a more scholarly continuation, in the form of a Journey to the Land of the Etruscans, but the book never reached that stage.
That was the year in which Athanasius adopted the habit of retiring to the Santuario della Mentorella each autumn. There he found the healthy air recommended by the doctors as well as the peace & quiet conducive to contemplation. But far from the vain hustle & bustle of the world though it was, it did not stop people coming to pester him there, sometimes even to harass him.
Thus it was that another controversy, more serious than the previous one, came to shatter the calm of his retreat. In January 1672 he read, in the bulletin of the Royal Society of London, an article entitled as follows: A summary of the speaking trumpet as it was invented by Sir Samuel Morland & presented to his most excellent Majesty King Charles II of England. This trumpet was described as an instrument capable of transmitting the human voice over a distance of two or three miles & “useful on sea as well as on land.” Simon Beale, one of His Majesty’s trumpeters, had made it according to the plans of Sir Samuel Beale, Bart., & was already selling them at great profit for three pounds each.
Always inclined to ignore anything that happened beyond their borders, the English had claimed the invention of the Megaphone, one of Kircher’s clearest successes, & not content with adding arrogance to theft, now they were making a profit out of their shameful robbery!
Since it was a major matter I encouraged Athanasius to protest immediately against such an iniquity. Kircher consulted his colleagues & friends; armed with their support he decided not to restrict himself to a simple assertion of priority but to publish a whole book on the question of the megaphone, showing his superior knowledge & practice in that area.
In May 1675, the holy year of the Jubilee, Kircher finally decided to publish his Arca Noe. Following his original idea, he dealt with the history of mankind from the Fall to the construction of the Ark, the circumstances leading to the Flood & the exploits of Noah and his descendants after God’s punishment. The book concluded with a detailed explanation of the origins of hermetic knowledge. My master had taken particular care over the quality of the illustrations accompanying the text & the whole world combined to pay tribute to the appearance of such a marvel. The young King of Spain, twelve at the time, showed his true appreciation of a work dedicated to him; adding munificence to his most sincere congratulations, he ordered the crown to cover all the printing expenses of Turris Babel, the book that was to supplement Arca Noe & to which scholars everywhere were looking forward with impatience.
His work on the Egyptian tombs already being with the printer, Kircher could have devoted himself entirely to Turris Babel, but his great kindness and overhospitable nature hardly left him time for it. “If you knew the continual burden imposed on me by my affairs,” he wrote in reply to a letter from Gaffarel, a Provençal, complaining about his tardiness as a correspondent, “you would not reproach me for this. In this Jubilee year a multitude of visitors, dignitaries & scholars, come in an uninterrupted stream to see my museum. I am so taken up with them that I have hardly any time at all to devote not only to my studies but also to my most basic spiritual duties …”
Consequently Athanasius greeted the return of the autumn with great joy & with it the prospect of retiring to Mentorella. We were considering going there when an unexpected event once more gave my master the opportunity to distinguish himself.
A Portuguese ship returning from the Americas brought an exceedingly strange savage to Italy. It was not his color that was strange—he was black as coal but we had become used to that for several years now—but the mystery of his language & his origin. From what the captain said, they had found this negro in the open sea off the Guinea coast, drifting, half-starved, in a little boat that was no more than a hollowed-out tree-trunk. After having regained his strength, the man had shown such ingratitude, refusing to learn the language of his rescuers, that the sailors wanted to put him straight back in the water, as a punishment for his barbarousness. Fortunately for him, there was a Jesuit scholar on board, Father Grégoire de Domazan; seeing that this negro had a certain air of pride & nobility, he saved him from certain death. Once in Venice, he took the shipwrecked man under his protection & became interested in his linguistic peculiarity: although the man was able to write Arabic with a facility that left no doubt as to his ability to master the language, he did not speak the tongue of the infidels at all but an idiom completely unknown to those who heard it. Moreover, when Father Grégoire showed the pages written by the savage to some specialists in oriental languages, it turned out that the writings were devoid of meaning.
To cut a long story short, this negro, called Chus because of his color, was brought to Rome to be examined by Athanasius Kircher.
So one fine morning Dr. Alban Gibbs arrived at the Roman College accompanied by Friedrich Ulrich Calixtus, professor of Oriental Languages at the University & a delegate, on this occasion, of the Accademia dei Lincei. Six foot tall, with remarkably fine & regular features, Chus came in, handcuffed and escorted by two guards, a necessary precaution because of his numerous attempts to remove his person from the curiosity of interested gentlemen. Kircher received his visitors in the great gallery of his museum. His first concern was to free the prisoner of his chains, & that despite Calixtus’s reiterated warnings. Surprised, but apparently very pleased at this, Chus bowed to my master; then, turning haughtily to Calixtus, he said in his deep voice, “Ko goóga! Ò ò maudo no bur mâ ‘aldude!’”2
Calixtus started back in fear at the threatening vehemence of these words, but the negro immediately calmed down. Fascinated, it seemed, by the sight of the collections around him, he did not cease to roll his terrible eyes as he looked at one object then another. With a gesture Kircher invited him to sit down, but Chus refused with a smile: “Si mi dyodike, mi dânato.”3 Then, pointing to the books filling one of the bookcases, “Miñ mi fota yidi wiñdugol dêfte …”4
Kircher seemed pleased at his interest. “Libri,” he said in Latin, pointing to the objects he was naming, “books.”
“Libi, libi?” the negro repeated in astonishment.
“Li … bri …” my master said, emphasizing it by splitting the word into syllables.
“Li-bi-li … Libilibiru!”5 he exclaimed, delighted at having managed to imitate such a difficult word.
“That’s right,” my master said, congratulating his guest, “books.” I think we’re beginning to understand each other. “Now something more difficult: millia librorum, thousands of books.”
“Mi yâ libilibiru? Mi yâdii libilibiru!”6 the negro repeated, slapping his thighs in amusement. Then he shook his head with a very pitying look. “Lorra ‘alaa … Ha’i fetudo no’àndi bu’ataake e dyâlirde.”7
“You did well to bring this man to me,” Kircher said to Gibbs. “His dialect is unknown to me although I believe I can see some similarities to ancient tongues. But let us proceed in an orderly fashion. You gave me to understand that he knows Arabic writing & that is doubtless where we will find some way of making progress. Caspar, an escritoire & some paper, please.”
While I was thus occupied, Chus stopped in front of a stuffed hyena & expressed his joy with many exclamations and much slapping of his thighs: “Heï, Bonôru! Ko dyûde hombo sôdu dâ?”8
“See,” Kircher commented, “he’s recognized an animal from his country. That is another purpose my collections serve, & not the least either. I am sure that any man, whichever nation he came from, would find himself in familiar surroundings here since nature is our true homeland.”
My master went over to Chus &, showing him the escritoire, indicated his wish to see him describe on paper the animal that had provoked such joy. The negro seemed happy with this invitation. He concentrated for a moment then, sitting down on the floor, wrote a short paragraph in a language that perfectly resembled Arabic & handed his work to Kircher with evident satisfaction:
“You were right,” my master said after having glanced through the text, “this is definitely Arabic as far as the form of the letters is concerned, but it is meaningless—& I believe I know, besides Syrian, Coptic & P
ersian, all the dialects that employ this script. Let us now try a reverse attempt. Make sure, Caspar, that you note down precisely everything he says.”
Expressing himself by gestures, Kircher asked Chus to read out loud the passage he had written.
“Gnyande go’o bonôru,” the negro began once he understood what was being asked of him, “arii tawi yimbe no hirsi nagge”9—at this point he changed his voice to a higher register, mimicking the actions of someone asking for something to eat: “okkorè lan tèwu.”10 Then, in his normal voice again, he went on, “Be wi’i be ‘okkataa si wonaa bonôrudün limana be hâ timma sappo, hara du wi’aali go’o …”11
“Very good,” said Kircher, interrupting him, “everything seems to suggest that what we have here is an original way of translating, by means of a borrowed script, the sounds of a language that does not possess one of its own. It is, after a fashion, a steganography comparable to—”
“Mi lannaali woulande ma!”12 Chus cried, interrupting my master in his turn. “Wota dâru fuddôde, daru timmôde.”13
We were so dumbfounded by the fit of anger, that our man had time to continue his reading: “Bonôrudün mîdyii sèda du wi’i: Kono si mi limii hâ yonii sappo hara mi wi’ aali go’o mi hebaï tèwu? Be wi’i: ‘a hebaï. Du wi’i: Be’i didi e gertogal dâre si wonaa sappo be wi’i ko sappo. Be ‘okkidu tèwu, du feddyi.”14
After a pause & as if he were telling us an important secret, he said in conclusion. “Hâden dyoïdo, no metti fó lude.”15
“And they weren’t lying, either,” Kircher said, pointing out how proud the man was. “It’s clear he did not like being interrupted while he was speaking … So, as I was saying when he paid me back in my own coin, his language is related to written Arabic in the same way as music is to any system of notation. Let me explain: the Topinambus of Brazil could not write their language when we encountered them for the first time; but our missionaries taught them to use the Latin syllabary to represent its sounds so that today those of the savages that have made the effort are able to write down what they have to say in their own language. If the Mahommedans had landed in Brazil instead of the Portuguese, the Topinambus would be transcribing their language in Arabic script today, just as this negro here has done.”
Where Tigers Are at Home Page 70