595 “thing about it”: Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 382.
596 “must be done”: William Hanchett, “Booth’s Diary,” JISHS 72 (Feb. 1979): 40.
596 elections in the North: John C. Brennan, “Why the Attempt to Assassinate Secretary of State William H. Seward?” Surratt Courier 12 (Jan. 1987).
596 “taken at R[ichmon]d”: Bryan, Great American Myth, p. 119.
596 “not to kill”: Wilson, John Wilkes Booth, p. 97.
596 a superior officer: Brennan, “Why the Attempt to Assassinate ... Seward?” p. 4.
597 “will justify me”: Wilson, John Wilkes Booth, p. 107.
597 “for this end”: Hanchett, “Booth’s Diary,” pp. 40–41.
597 “I had ever seen”: Shaw, “The Assassination of Lincoln,” p. 185.
597 John Parker: The whereabouts of Parker has been a subject of considerable controversy. The clearest statement of the evidence is in Champ Clark, The Assassination: The Death of the President (New York: Time-Life Books, 1987), pp. 82–83.
597 10:13 P.M.: This is the time that Otto Eisenschiml arrived at after much research and calculation. Eisenschiml, The Case of A. L., Aged 56 (Chicago: Abraham Lincoln Book Shop, 1943), p. 13.
597 “him very weak”: Surratt Courier 12 (Nov. 1987): 2.
597 “Sic semper tyrannis”: Since events moved so quickly, there was understandable controversy about what Booth said and when he said it. In his diary he claimed, “I shouted Sic semper before I fired.” Hanchett, “Booth’s Diary,” p. 40. Most witnesses agreed that he gave his shout after jumping to the stage. Some claimed that he also shouted, “The South is avenged.” James S. Knox to his father, Apr. 15, 1865, Lincoln MSS, LC.
597 “a bull frog”: Reck, A. Lincoln: His Last 24 Hours, p. 107.
597 “shot the President!”: Annie F. F. Wright, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” Magazine of History 9 (Feb. 1909): 113–114.
597 President was dead: Most of the details on Lincoln’s medical history in the following pages are taken from Dr. John K. Lattimer’s highly professional study Kennedy and Lincoln: Medical and Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980). Esp. valuable is Dr. Leale’s report, pp. 28–32.
598 “tendered their services”: Ibid., p. 34.
598 chance of recovery: Most present-day medical experts agree with that judgment, but Dr. Richard A. R. Fraser, of New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, has recently suggested that the bullet wound was not necessarily fatal and that it was the probing performed by Dr. Leale and Dr. Stone that did irreparable damage. UPI dispatch, Jan. 25, 1995, on the Internet.
598 “any man could”: Reck, A. Lincoln: His Last 24 Hours, p. 137.
598 her husbands side: Mrs. Dixon’s letter, dated May 1, 1865, in Surratt Society News 7 (Mar. 1982): 3.
598 “let her in again”: Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln, p. 32.
599 and barely alive: For a graphic account of the attack on Seward, see Patricia Carley Johnson, ed., “Sensitivity and the Civil War: The Selected Diaries and Papers, 1858–1866, of Frances Adeline [Fanny] Seward” (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Rochester, 1963), pp. 875–892.
599 “is no more!”: Mrs. Dixon’s letter, in Surratt Society News 7 (Mar. 1982): 4.
599 manner removed it: I have here closely followed A. F. Rockwell, “At the Death-bed of President Lincoln,” Century Magazine 40 (June 1890): 311.
599 “to the ages”: There has been controversy over just what Stanton said. Some witnesses reported “He belongs to the ages now,” “He now belongs to the Ages,” and “He is a man for the ages.” Bryan, Great American Myth, p. 189; Eisenschiml, Why Was Lincoln Murdered? pp. 482–485.
Index
Abbott, Asa Townsend, 519
Abell, Mrs. Bennett, 57, 67
abolitionism, 63–64, 103, 133, 134–37, 165–68, 169, 173, 177, 180–81, 188–189, 216, 220, 239
Garrison–Phillips feud and, 541–42
mob violence and, 82
see also Radical Republicans, slaves, slavery
Adams, Charles Francis, 269, 321, 401, 415
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 276
Adams, James, 74, 75, 93
Adams, John Quincy, 121, 136
Aesop’s Fables, 30–31
African Americans, see Emancipation Proclamation, Negro soldiers, Negro suffrage, race, slavery
Age of Reason (Paine), 49
Agriculture Department, U.S., 320, 396, 424
Alabama, 156, 267, 498, 499
Albany Atlas and Argus, 284
Albany Evening Journal, 240, 422
Allen, Charles, 151
Allen, Ethan, 39, 348
Allen, John, 41, 50
Allen, Robert, 160
Allison, John, 193
Alton riot, 82
Alton Telegraph, 61
Alton Weekly Courier, 191
American Baptist Home Mission Society, 542
American Colonization Society, 165, 166
American party, see Know Nothings
American System, 36, 52, 110
American Tutor’s Assistant (Jess), 31
Anaconda Plan, 305–6
Anderson, Mary, 74
Anderson, Richard, 74
Anderson, Robert, 267, 285, 286–87, 289, 292, 300, 316, 644n
Andrew, John A., 264, 297, 364, 373, 502, 525, 531
Andrews, Rufus F., 529
Antietam, battle of, 374, 385–89, 411, 414, 444
Anti–Slavery Standard, 541–42
“Appeal of the Independent Democrats,” 168
Apprentice System, 398
arbitrary arrests, see habeas corpus
Archer, William B., 193
Argyll, Duchess of, 322
Arkansas, 281, 297, 397, 451, 469, 483, 484, 505, 509, 510, 511
reconstructed government in, 561, 563
“Armed Liberty” (Crawford), 471
Armstrong, Hannah, 51, 55, 150–51
Armstrong, Jack, 40, 45, 51, 60, 151
Armstrong, William “Duff,” 150–51
Army of the Cumberland, U.S., 389, 457
Army of the James, U.S., 498, 512, 572
Army of the Mississippi, U.S., 384
Army of the Missouri, U.S., 319
Army of Northern Virginia, C.S., 433, 444, 488–89, 498, 500, 579
Army of the Ohio, U.S., 319, 384, 389
Army of the Potomac, U.S., 326, 329, 330, 335, 338–39, 355, 364, 369, 372–73, 399, 410, 412, 433, 435, 438, 440, 444–45, 446, 457–58, 488–89, 497, 498, 499–500, 504, 517, 528
Burnside and, 389–90
discontent in, 409
furlough issue and, 389
Lincoln’s visits and reviews of, 387–89, 433–34, 515–16
loyalty issue and, 385–87
McClellan and, 317–18
“Mud March” of, 411
reorganization of, 340–41
Army of the Tennessee, C.S., 531
Army of Virginia, U.S., 357–58, 370
Arnold, Isaac N., 186, 198, 279, 362, 477, 513, 593
Arnold, Samuel B., 587, 596
Ashley, James M , 481, 484, 488, 554, 555, 561–62, 563, 564, 578–79
Ashmun, George, 123, 125–26, 251, 252, 369
Aspinwall, William H., 387, 415
assassination and kidnapping plots
in Baltimore, 277–79
by Booth, 586–88, 596–97, 684n
by Conrad, 548–50, 677n
Atlanta campaign, 500, 512, 517, 530–31, 532, 553
Atlantic Monthly, 470
Atzerodt, George A., 587, 596, 597, 599
Babcock, James F., 243
Bacon, Elijah, 143
Bailey v. Cromwell, 103, 104
Bailhache, Mrs. William H., 271
Bailhache, William H., 270
Baker, Edward D., 79, 84, 98, 101, 107, 111–12, 113, 114, 119, 122, 124, 132, 138, 139, 283, 319
Baker, Edward L., 246, 250
Baldwin, John, 35
Baldwin, John B., 290
Ball’s Bluff, battle of, 318–19, 326
Baltimore American, 130
Baltimore assassination plot, 277–79
Baltimore Patriot, 124
Baltimore Sun, 272
Bancroft, George, 238
Bankruptcy Act (1842), 97
Banks; Nathaniel P., 204, 355–56, 357, 409, 433, 435, 445, 474, 485–88, 498, 499, 509, 512, 562, 563–64, 584–85
Bank of the United States, 52, 76
Barnes, Joseph K., 598
Barney, Hiram, 263, 495, 507–8, 528–29, 533
Barret, James A., 155, 622n
Barton, William E., 14
Bateman, Newton, 231
Bates, Edward, 236, 243, 244, 246, 249, 250, 254, 261–62, 264–65, 280–81, 286, 289, 319, 328, 348, 365, 372, 421, 433, 434, 449, 452, 454, 516, 520, 528, 536, 550, 551
Battery, 130
Bayard, James A., 318, 380
Beauregard, P.G.T., 306, 307
Bedell, Grace, 258, 274
Beecher, Henry Ward, 164, 237
Bell, Clayborn Elder, 54
Bell, John, 247, 256, 280
Belle Isle Prison, 489
Bellows, Henry W., 358
Bennett, James Gordon, 538–39
Benton, Thomas Hart, 121, 122, 315
Berret, James G., 280
Berry, William F., 47, 49, 54
Beveridge, Albert J., 14
Biddle, Benjamin R., 107
Bigelow, John, 324
Bingham, John A., 383
Binmore, Henry, 214
Birchard, Matthew, 444
Bird, Francis W., 342
Bird, Henry, 97
Bird, Thomas, 97
Bissell, William H., 191, 199
Bixby, Lydia, 567, 680n
Black Hawk, 44
Black Hawk War, 44–45, 92, 129
“Black Republicans,” 219
Blackstone, William, 53, 54, 102
Blaine, James G., 15
Blair, Francis P., Jr., 214, 238, 316, 344, 468–69, 483, 496, 505, 534, 551, 556
Blair, Francis Preston, Sr., 247, 279, 283, 286, 300, 344, 389, 421, 518–19, 534, 536, 552
peace mission of, 556–57, 573–74, 678n
Blair, Montgomery, 261, 262, 306, 316, 330, 372, 427’, 463, 519, 521, 536, 552, 562
cabinet appointment of, 264, 279
cabinet discord and, 400, 401, 421, 534
Emancipation Proclamation opposed by, 375–76, 379
Fort Sumter crisis and, 286–87, 291
reconstruction debate and, 470–71
resignation of, 533–35
slavery issues and, 344, 347, 366, 469
Trent affair and, 322, 323
Blair, Mrs. Montgomery, 286
Blair family, 315–16, 347, 387, 425, 474, 477, 510
Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 92
blockade of Confederacy, 302–3, 305–6, 321, 413, 415, 468, 575
Boal, Robert, 113, 182
Boone, Daniel, 21
Booth, Edwin, 569, 585–86
Booth, John Wilkes, 569, 596–97
background and personality of, 585–86
kidnapping scheme of, 586–88, 684n
Booth, Junius, Jr., 585
Booth, Junius Brutus, 585
“Border Ruffians,” 451
Boston Atlas, 130, 131
Boston Courier, 106, 261
Boston Daily Advertiser, 131
Boston Herald, 131
Boston Post, 316
Boutwell, George S., 552
Brady, Mathew B., 238
Bragg, Braxton, 384, 388, 435, 446
Bramlette, Thomas E., 454
Breckinridge, John C., 243, 253, 256, 280
Breckinridge, Robert J., 504
Breese, Sidney, 100
Bright, John, 322, 323
Bristoe, battle of, 490
Brooklyn, USS, 291
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 501
Brooks, Noah, 239, 427, 433, 434, 435–36, 524, 530, 534, 550, 565, 582
Brooks, Preston S., 194
Brough, John, 455, 508
Brown, B. Gratz, 563
Brown, George W., 297
Brown, John, 239, 243, 354, 586
Brown, John Henry, 252
Brown, Pearly, 148
Browning, Mrs. O. H., 69, 83
Browning, Oliver W., 143
Browning, Orville Hickman, 45, 79, 84, 191, 205, 245–46, 248, 252, 273, 285, 293–94, 296, 316, 317, 322, 323, 325, 334, 342, 349, 350, 358, 365, 367, 369, 373–74, 379, 397, 402–3, 405, 426, 441, 455, 519, 528, 536, 556, 559
Bryant, William Cullen, 67, 237, 238, 239, 263, 378, 494
Buchanan, James, 13, 126, 192, 193, 194, 199, 203–4, 207, 208, 211, 219, 227, 236, 259, 280, 282–83, 291, 331, 352, 425
Douglas’s break with, 212–13, 226
secession and, 257, 267
Buchanan administration, 209, 210, 224, 227, 324, 325
Buckingham, J. H., 106
Buell, Don Carlos, 319, 329, 335, 338, 349, 354, 384–85, 389, 497, 499
Buena Vista, battle of, 123, 124
Bull Run (Manassas), first battle of, 307–8, 445
Bull Run (Manassas), second battle of, 370–71, 372, 373, 385
Bunyan, John, 30
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, U.S., 563
Burke’s Station, battle of, 580
Burns, Robert, 41, 47, 85
Burnside, Ambrose E., 338, 356, 387, 392, 395, 397, 409–10, 454
Fredericksburg battle and, 398–99
General Order No. 38 issued by, 419–420
Hooker’s replacement of, 411–12
McClellan replaced by, 389–90
“Mud March” and, 411
Vallandigham affair and, 419–21
Busey, Samuel, 120
Butler, Benjamin F., 299, 313, 343, 409, 425, 426, 430, 431, 437, 474, 478, 479, 485, 494–95, 498, 499, 500, 503, 505, 512, 525, 584
1864 election and, 494–95
Butler, Speed, 93
Butler, William, 70, 87, 92, 95, 288
Butterfield, Daniel, 435
Butterfield, Justin, 126, 139–40
cabinet, see Lincoln cabinet
cabinet crisis of 1862, 399–407, 408, 423, 426, 427, 478
Calhoun, John, 51, 79
Calhoun, John C., 121, 137, 605n
California, 122, 123, 163, 301, 458, 481, 502, 592
Cameron, Simon, 236, 247, 249, 250, 253, 286, 288, 289, 301, 307, 319, 333, 363, 543
cabinet position offered to, 265, 266–267, 281
1864 election and, 480, 494, 495, 502, 529, 538
ouster of, 325–26, 412–13
Campbell, John A., 555, 557, 559, 577–78, 579, 581, 589, 590
Camron, John, 38, 39
Canada, 322, 521, 547
Canby, Edward R. S., 512
Canisius, Theodore, 242, 412
Capen, Francis L., 431
Carey, Henry C., 110
Lincoln Page 115