comparisons between AK-47s and, 3, 18
destruction of, 131–32
Gardner’s proposals on, 64–66
gas-operated, 109
German production of, 89–90, 102, 109, 117, 119, 246
handheld, 243
jamming of, 65, 112
medium-sized, 206, 243
miniaturization of, 137–38
morality of, 103, 105
mounted on tanks, 137
popularity of, 54–55, 135–36
precursors of, 29, 36
in Russo-Japanese War, 115–17, 119
shortages of, 129–30
skepticism about, 41, 46, 53–54, 62, 112, 137
Soviet production of, 158
special teams for, 110, 112–13, 117, 126–27, 131, 134, 137, 253, 266–68
tactical uses of, 64–66, 90, 93–94, 107–12, 115–18, 131, 136–37, 251–52, 424n
training for, 90–91, 93–94, 110–11, 131, 227
ubiquity of, 135–37
in Vietnam, 266–68
World War I and, 45, 84, 90, 119–22, 124, 128–31, 133–34, 163, 165, 246, 251–52, 255, 424n, 426n
in World War II, 168, 178
see also specific machine guns
McKay, Jim, 352
McKiernan, Kevin, 397
McLean, James H., 66
MacMillan’s, 85–86
McNamara, Robert S., 269–74, 280–81, 290–93
AR-15 and, 274, 281, 283–85, 288, 290–91
on gun gap, 272–73
on M-14 vs. AK-47, 273–74, 280
M-16 and, 269–70, 292, 295–96, 306
systems-analysis approach of, 271, 288
McNaugher, Thomas L., 326n
Madonna, Raymond C., 311–12
Madsen gun, 109, 138
Mahmoud, Karzan:
medical treatment of, 394–95, 397–98
shooting of, 388–95, 397, 408
Malashenko, Yevgeny I., 238
Malimon, Aleksandr, 190
Mannlicher, Ferdinand Ritter von, 138
Mao, Tse-tung, 216, 264, 265n, 364
Marines, Marine Corps, U.S., 20, 275
AK-47s encountered and used by, 9, 259, 266–67, 313, 317, 324, 335–36
AR-15 and, 441n
Chervenak’s letter and, 321–24, 327–28
M1s used by, 253
M-16s used by, 264, 267–68, 271, 306–7, 310–29, 332–33, 335, 356, 409, 442n
morale in, 323
Stoner 63 and, 292
training of, 409–10
in Vietnam, 6, 9, 263–68, 271, 296, 306–7, 310–25, 327–29, 332–33, 335–36, 356
Maristo, Erkki, 248–49
Marshall, Ralph, 314
Mars-la-Tour, battle of, 44–45
Marx, Karl, 201, 264, 361, 383
Maschinengewehr 08 (MG08), 90, 119
Maschinenkarabiner 42, 163–64
Maschinenpistole 5 (MP-5), 384n
Maschinenpistole 18 (MP-18), 139–40, 163–64, 228
Maschinenpistole 43 (MP-43), 164
Maschinen Pistole Kalashnikov (MPiK), 16, 247
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 10
Matabele War, 86–88
Mauser, Peter Paul, 138
Mauser guns, 94, 162–63, 355
Maxim, Hiram Percy, 70–73
Maxim, Hiram Stevens, 67–78, 125, 135–37, 369, 390
and AK-47 design and development, 145
arrogance of, 69–70, 89, 149–50
automatic rifle sketches of, 75, 137, 423n
brawling of, 69–70
business skills lacked by, 89
childhood of, 69, 71
Civil War and, 70–71, 73–74
deafness of, 89
death of, 135, 137
education of, 70
employees mistreated by, 72–73
fame of, 69, 82, 103–6, 135
finances of, 76, 82, 106, 111, 160
Maxim gun designed and developed by, 75–78, 82–83, 86, 105–6, 111, 135, 137, 149–50, 160
in Maxim gun marketing and sales, 83–84, 87, 111, 160, 203
and morality of Maxim gun, 105
Nobel’s quarrels with, 74
Nordenfelt’s partnership with, 86
racism of, 105–6, 425n
sense of humor of, 71–73, 135, 150
World War I and, 135
Maxim, Leander, 74
Maxim gun, 145
ammunition of, 68–69, 75–77, 82–84, 87, 105, 113–14, 122
casualties inflicted by, 85–86, 98–102, 104–6, 109, 111, 114–15, 120, 127–28, 130, 133–34, 139
competition of, 83–84, 86–88, 108
design and development of, 74–78, 82–84, 86, 105–6, 111, 135, 137, 149–50, 153–54, 160
durability of, 83
effectiveness and efficiency of, 73, 84, 135
financing for, 76, 89
knock-offs and derivatives of, 90, 109, 117, 119, 125, 127, 140, 165
in Matabele War, 86–87
miniaturization of, 88–89
at Omdurman, 97–102, 107–8, 124, 165, 252
physical appearance of, 68, 75–76, 114
in poems, 104
production and distribution of, 74–76, 83–87, 89–90, 97–102, 105–6, 108–9, 111–12, 114–17, 119–21, 124–25, 127–28, 130–31, 133–34, 160, 167, 202, 420–21n, 426n
prototypes of, 68, 77–78
reliability of, 83, 88
in Russo-Japanese War, 113–17, 119, 167, 252
as symbol, 104
tactical uses of, 107–8, 115, 118
tests and demonstrations of, 68, 76, 83–86, 88, 90, 112
ubiquity of, 135–36
water-cooled, 112
weight and size of, 83, 88–89, 122, 135, 138
in World War I, 84, 90, 119–22, 124, 128, 130–31, 133–34, 165, 426n
Yonnie insurgency and, 85–86
Maxim Gun Company:
finances of, 76
marketing and sales of, 83
Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Company Limited, 86, 88–89
Maxse, Ivor, 123
ME-42, 355
Medvedev, Dmitri A., 403–4
Meinertzhagen, Richard, 119–21, 426n
Merz gun works, 163–64
MG08 (Maschinengewehr 08), 90, 119
Michault, Jacques, 274
Mikoyan, Anastas, 224
Miller, Mikhail, 242, 435n
Mills, J. D., 36, 420n
Minié balls, 33–34
Minin, Leonid, 369–71, 411
Misr, 16, 349
mitrailleur, 43–46, 51, 421n
ammunition of, 43
design of, 43–44
Fosbery on, 44–45, 55–56
in Franco-Prussian War, 45–46
production of, 43
secrecy of, 43–44
tactical uses of, 45–46
Model 1873, 60
Model 1895, 108, 111, 145
Modern Traveler, The (Belloc), 103
Molot joint stock company, 400
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 212n, 219n, 221
Molotov cocktails, 219
Montigny, Joseph, 43, 46, 55
Moore, Harold G., Jr., 294–95
Morning Post, 97
mortars, 11, 216, 246, 253, 367
of LRA, 379
in Vietnam, 264, 311, 313, 317
in World War I, 121, 123, 132, 267
Morton, A. C., 103
Morton, Oliver P., 29–30
Mosin-Nagant rifle:
ammunition of, 169
in Hungarian revolution, 219
production and distribution of, 155, 169, 216–17, 219, 357
Mozambique flag, 15, 384
MP-5 (Maschinenpistole 5), 384n
MP-18 (Maschinenpistole 18), 139–40, 163–64, 228
MP-43 (Maschinenpistole 43), 164
MPiK (Maschinen Pistole Kalashnikov), 16, 247
mujahideen, 10, 13, 361–62
Mukhabarat, 349
Muller, Mark, 15
Mumbai, terrorist raid in, 340
Munich Olympics, terrorism at, 337–40, 350–52, 443n
Museveni, Yoweri, 374, 379
musket balls, 27, 33
muzzle velocity, 167, 198, 252–53, 284, 291, 293, 383
My Life (Maxim), 135
N
Nadezhda, 1–2
Nagasaki, 1, 144
Nagorno-Karabakh, war for, 408
Nagy, Imre, 237–39
arrest and execution of, 239, 437n
Hungarian revolution and, 222–24, 226, 238
and Hungary’s attempt to withdraw from Warsaw Pact, 237
Napoleon III, Emperor of France, 43–45
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 216, 349, 358
Nasution, Abdul Haris, 258
National Firearms Act, 18, 236
National Rifle Association (NRA), 298
National Security Council, 237
Native Americans, see Indian wars
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 6, 169, 214, 249–50, 255–58, 352
automatic rifles used by, 256–58, 296, 364
FAL rifle distribution and, 364
M-16 and, 296
standardizing ammunition and arms of, 255–57, 275, 296, 436n, 444n
Nature, 54
Navy, Union, 30
Navy, U.S., 88, 110, 272, 314–16
Gatling gun and, 40, 52–54
Vietnam and, 264, 315–16
Ndebele, 86–87, 103
needle gun (zundnadelgewehr), 42
Netherlands, 40, 246, 400
and AK-47 production and distribution, 250, 257–59
New York Times:
on Civil War draft protests, 31–32
on Gatling gun, 47
Maxim’s article in, 135, 423n
New York Tribune, 32
New York University, 230
Nez Percé, 61–62
Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 113, 165, 170
Nickelson, Alfred J., 263–64, 267, 316–18, 324
Nikitin, Grigory I., 243
NIPSMVO (Research and Proving Grounds for Firearms and Mortars), 143–48, 256
AK-47 testing at, 199–201, 205
and AK and AK-type rifle design and development, 144, 146–48, 159–60, 187, 189–91, 202, 205, 345
closure of, 345–46
Kalashnikov at, 143–48, 183–87
NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), 156, 158, 166
Nobel, Alfred, 390
Gatling’s quarrels with, 51–52, 55, 74
Maxim’s quarrels with, 74
Nonte, George, 297
Nordenfelt, Thorsten, 86
Nordenfelt gun, 75
automatic, 109
competition of, 53, 83–84, 86
tests and demonstrations of, 53, 84
Norinco, 399
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, see NATO
North Korea, see Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of
NRA (National Rifle Association), 298
nuclear programs:
of Soviet Union, 1–5, 148, 203, 359–60, 407–8
of U.S., 1, 4–5, 144, 272
nuclear war, 4, 271
Nugent, Edward, 35, 420n
O
Ocira, Walter, 337
October Revolution, 156, 167, 170, 193, 351
Okwera, Jimmy, 372–73
Okwera, Patrick, 372–73
Okwonga, Dennis, 379
Olivier, Alfred G., 285–88
Omar, Mullah Mohammed, 386–87
Omdurman:
casualties in, 98–102
fighting at, 97–102, 107–9, 119, 124, 129–30, 165, 252, 255
Maxim guns at, 97–102, 107–8, 124, 165, 252
“On the Personality Cult and Its Consequences” (Khrushchev), 244
Operations Research Office, 254
Ottoman Empire, 42
Owen, J. F., 58, 62
Owen, Wilfred, 136
Owoosoo, Quamina, 48
Pakistan, Pakistanis, 100, 380–83, 386n
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 11–12, 361–62
purchase prices of AK rifles in, 381, 383
Palestinians, 384
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 338–39, 349–52, 387
in Munich Olympics terrorism, 337–39, 350–52
P
Palmer, William, 35, 420n
Parker, John H.:
machine-gun training and, 90–91, 93–94, 110–11
machine-gun units proposed by, 110, 112
in Spanish-American War, 93–97, 107–8, 117, 228, 424n
on tactical uses of machine guns, 90, 93–94, 110, 117, 131, 424n
Patent Office, U.S., 26
Pchelintsev, U. I., 191
Pederson rounds, 169–70, 253, 256
Pedraza, Lance Corporal, 312
Pentagon, see Defense Department, U.S.
People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), 156, 158, 166
Peshko, I. D., 360
Philadelphia Polyclinic Hospital, 230
Philippines, 355, 384
U.S. invasion of, 104, 111, 252
Pinchback, Pinckney, 106
PK (Pulemyot Kalashnikova), 16, 166n, 243–44, 436n
PLO, 10
PMKM, 16
Poland, 166, 174, 214–15, 348, 399
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12–13, 16, 215, 245, 249–50, 390–91
popular uprisings in, 224, 365
Pol Pot, 11
Polte, 162–63
Popular Mechanics, 330
Port Arthur, battle for, 113–16, 122–23, 252
Poznań, popular uprising in, 223
PPSh, 187, 199
AK-type rifle distribution and, 346
in Hungarian revolution, 219
production and distribution of, 168–69, 182, 185, 217, 219, 346, 357
in World War II, 182, 185
Prague, 220, 348
Prague Spring, 348
Pratt & Whitney, 66
Pravda, 237, 239
Pripyat, 359–60
propellants:
ball powder and, 293–94, 297, 301, 303–4, 316, 326
smokeless, 74, 92, 122, 135, 196
Prussians, Prussia:
in Franco-Prussian War, 44–46, 53–55, 65, 110
Gatling gun test in, 42–43
Krupp field pieces of, 45
mitrailleurs and, 43–46
Puckle, James, 27–28, 38, 390
Pulemyot Kalashnikova (PK), 16, 166n, 243–44, 436n
Purdy, Patrick, 14
Putin, Vladimir V., 403–4
Q
Quaku, Sein, 48
Quang Tri province, 263, 333
R
racism, 105–6, 425n–27n
Radom, 399
Rahim, Muhammed, 48–49
Rákóczi Square murder, 227, 240–41
Rákosi, Mátyás, 221–22
Rand Corporation, 271
Raphael Repeater, 36
rapid-fire flintlocks, 27–28
Ras Alula, 81–82
Rattray, George, 86
Raymond, Henry Jarvis, 32
RDS-1, 1–2, 5, 407
Red Horse, 60
Remington rifles, 79, 293
Remington rounds, 276
Reno, Marcus A., 58–59, 61
Requa gun, 28, 36
Research and Proving Grounds for Fire-arms and Mortars, see NIPSMVO
Research in Small Arms in International Security, 363
Revolutionary Armed Force of Colombia (FARC), 384
Revolutionary War, 311
Rheinmetall-Borsig, 246
Rhodes, Boatswain’s Mate, 80
“Rifle, 5.56MM,XM16E1” (Rottmann), 263
Rifle Testing Commission, German, 139
Riga, 220, 365
Ripley, James W., 36
, 37
Gatling gun sales and, 32, 91
in standardizing Union Army’s weapons, 32–33, 419n
Ripley gun, 28–29
Rivers, L. Mendel, 310
Rixon, A. J., 125–26
RK-60, 249
RK-62, 250
Robari, 85–86
Rock Island Arsenal, 290–91, 296, 299–300, 305, 307, 326
Rogers, Ebenezer, 54–58
in Ashanti War, 54
in Gatling gun marketing and sales, 54, 56–58, 62, 65, 81–82, 149, 422n
Romania, 214–15, 225, 399
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 12–13, 215, 245, 382, 390–91, 409, 412
purchase prices of AK-type rifles from, 386
revolution in, 365–66
Romtechnica, 399
Ronietto, 85–86
Roosevelt, Theodore, 96–97
Rosebud River, Native American encampment on, 58–60
Rosoboronexport, 400, 403, 444n
Rottmann, Larry, 263
Rougier, Michael, 225, 240–41
Royal Bavarian Arsenal, 40
Royal Laboratory, 68
Royal Rifle and Ammunition Factory, 246
Royal United Services Institution, 55, 82
Gardner’s lecture at, 64–65
Rogers’s lecture at, 57–58, 422n
RPK (Ruchnoi Pulemyot Kalashnikova), 16, 243–44, 364
Ruger, 293
Russell, Richard B., Jr., 296
Russian Empire, 169
advance on Khiva of, 48–49, 57, 61
automatic rifles in, 138
collapse of, 170
Gatling gun sales and, 40–41, 48, 51–52, 56, 167
Maxim guns purchased and used by, 112, 114–16, 167
in World War I, 246
Yomuds repulsed by, 49, 57–58, 61
Russian Federation, 385, 398–406, 408–12
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 207, 390–91, 409, 412
Kalashnikov’s public duties and, 401–3
and purchase prices of AK rifles, 382
training on AK rifles in, 404–5
weapons stockpiling and, 398–99, 410–11
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, 141, 184, 219–20, 340
and AK and AK-type rifle design and development, 146–47, 257
and AK and AK-type rifle production and distribution, 3, 11–13, 15, 17
reliability of historical sources in, 19
in World War II, 143, 146, 149
see also Soviet Union
Russo-Japanese War, 113–17
battle for Port Arthur in, 113–16, 122–23, 252
casualties in, 114–17, 122, 426n
Maxim guns in, 113–17, 119, 167, 252
Rwanda, 13, 340, 357, 371
S
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 385
Sadat, Anwar, 10, 354, 358
Sakamoto, Lieutenant, 117
Sakharov, Andrei D., 407
Sakurai, Tadayoshi, 114, 116
Salih, Barham, 388–90, 392–94, 396
Salih, Sergey, 360
Salisbury, Lord, 106
Samozaryadny Karabin Sistemy Simonova (SKS), 155, 184, 187–88, 217
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