by Ahmed Osman
4 Ibid., p. 66.
5 This will be the subject of a separate work, but the similarity of the names of the Aten priests and those of the followers of Moses is dealt with briefly in Chapter Nineteen.
6 Schulman, ‘Military Background’, p. 67.
7 Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 251.
14 THE TOMB OF AKHENATEN
1 Martin, The Royal Tomb at el-Amarna, Part 1.
2 Ibid., p. 104.
3 Ibid., p. 30.
4 Ibid., p. 105.
5 Ibid., p. 106.
6 Pendlebury, ‘Clearance of the Royal Tomb at el-Amarna’, pp. 123–4.
7 Hamza, ‘The Alabaster Canopic Box of Akhenaten’, p. 537.
8 Martin, The Royal Tomb, p. 105.
9 Ibid., p. 106.
10 Ibid., pp. 31–2.
11 Gardiner, ‘The So-Called Tomb of Queen Tiye’, p. 19.
12 Martin, The Royal Tomb, pp. 105–6.
13 Ibid., pp. 30–1.
14 Edwards, Tutankhamun, p. 153.
15 THE FALLEN ONE OF AMARNA
1 Gunn, The City of Akhenaten, Part III, vol. 1, p. 159.
2 Ibid., p. 152.
3 Ibid., I, pl. lxiii.
4 Seele, ‘King Aye and the Close of the Amarna Age’, p. 175.
5 Ibid.
6 Fairman, ‘The Supposed Year 21 of Akhenaten’, p. 108.
7 Ibid.
8 Gunn, The City of Akhenaten, Part I, p. 165.
9 Fairman, ‘Supposed Year 21’, p. 108.
10 Fairman, ‘The Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty’, p. 121.
11 Frankfort & Pendlebury, The City of Akhenaten, Part II, p. 103.
12 Derry, ‘Skeleton Hitherto Believed to be that of King Akhenaten’, p. 115.
13 Gardiner, ‘Graffito from the Tomb of Pere’, p. 10.
14 Redford,’Chronology of the Eighteenth Dynasty’, p. 177.
15 Gardiner, ‘A Later Allusion to Akhenaten’, p. 124.
16 Gaballa, The Memphite Tomb of Mose, pl. lxiii.
17 Samson, Amarna, City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, p. 1.
16 CORRIDORS OF POWER
1 Helck, Untersuchungen zu Manetho und den ägyptischen Königslisten, p. 41.
17 THE FIRST MONOTHEIST
1 Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions, Part I, p. 1.
2 Petrie, Researches in Sinai, p. 127.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., p. 126.
5 Černý, The Inscriptions of Sinai, Part II, p. 45.
6 Ibid., p. 47.
7 Petrie, Researches in Sinai, p. 68.
18 THE ‘MAGIC’ ROD OF MOSES
1 Fakhry, ‘The Tomb of Kheruef at Thebes’, p. 485.
19 WHO WAS WHO? – AND THE DEATH OF MOSES
1 Seele, ‘King Aye’, p. 70.
2 Baikie, The Amarna Age, p. 241.
3 Seele, ‘King Aye’, pp. 168–80.
4 Smith, The Akhenaten Temple Project, p. 22.
5 Ibid., p. 27.
6 Seele, ‘King Aye’, pp. 168–80.
7 Ibid., p. 170.
8 According to the Elohistic source of the Pentateuch, Moses and Aaron were of the tribe of Joseph. However, this source uses ‘Levite’ to indicate not a member of a clan, but a man specially eligible for the priesthood (The Jewish Encyclopaedia, New York and London, 1904, p. 20).
9 Albright, ‘The Town of Sell’, pp. 6–8.
10 Rowley, From Joseph to Joshua.
11 Davies, The Rock Tombs of el-Amarna, vol. I.
12 Ibid.
APPENDIX A
(i) The Shasu Wars
1 Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, vol. III, p. 45.
2 Ibid., p. 46.
3 Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, p. 253.
4 Breasted, Ancient Records, vol. III, p. 47.
5 Kharu can mean either the people of Palestine/Syria or the land of the Horites, south of the Dead Sea: here it indicates the territory of Canaan.
6 Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 254.
7 Ibid.
(ii) The Hattusili Peace Treaty
1 Langdon & Gardiner, ‘Treaty … Between … Hattusili … and … Ramses II’, pp. 185–7.
(iii) A Dissenting Voice
1 Kitchen, ‘Asiatic Wars of Ramses II’, p. 66.
2 Ibid., p. 69.
3 Ibid., p. 70.
4 Ibid.
APPENDIX B
(i) The Amarna Rock Tombs of Huya and Meryre II
1 Davies, The Rock Tombs of el-Amarna, Part III, p. 16.
2 Redford, History and Chronology, p. 109.
3 Davies, Rock Tombs, Part III, p. 9.
4 Ibid., Part II, p. 42.
5 Ibid., p. 38.
(ii) The Tomb of Kheruef
1 Fakhry, ‘Tomb of Kheruef at Thebes’, p. 457.
2 Habachi, ‘Clearance of the Tomb of Kheruef, p. 348.
3 Redford, History and Chronology, p. 117.
(iii) The Year of Tribute
1 Aldred, ‘Year Twelve at el-Amarna’, p. 114.
(iv) The Tomb of Ramose
1 Aldred, ‘Two Theban Notables’, p. 117.
2 Davies, The Tomb of the Vizier Ramose, pp. 30–1.
3 Ibid., p. 33.
4 Ibid., p. 37.
(v) The Tushratta Letters
1 Redford, History and Chronology, pp. 71–2.
2 Winckler, Tell el-Amarna Letters, p. 67.
3 Redford, History and Chronology, p. 69.
4 Ibid., p. 52.
5 Ibid., p. 79.
APPENDIX C The Mos Case
1 Gaballa, The Memphite Tomb Chapel of Mose, p. 25.
2 ‘Father’ is used here in the sense of ‘forefather’.
3 Gaballa, p. 23.
APPENDIX D Pi-Ramses and Zarw
(i) The City of Pi-Ramses
1 Gardiner, ‘Delta Residence’, p. 178.
2 Ibid., p. 180.
3 Habachi, ‘Preliminary Report’, p. 201.
4 Gardiner, ‘Delta Residence’, p. 132.
5 Bietak, ‘Avaris and Piramses’, p. 255.
6 van Seters, The Hyksos, p. 101.
7 Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts, p. 253.
(ii) The Fortified City of Zarw
1 Nims, Thebes of the Pharaohs, p. 199.
2 Björkman, ‘Neby, the Mayor of Zarw’, p. 50.
(iii) The Case Against Qantir/Tell el-Dab’a
1 Bietak, ‘Avaris and Piramses, pp. 225–90.
2 Ibid., p. 271.
3 Ibid., p. 273.
4 Ibid., p. 289.
5 Hamza, ‘Ramses’s Palace at Qantir’, p. 59.
(v) A Middle-Egypt Site for Tiye’s City
1 Yoyotte, La Bassin de Djârouka, Kêmi, pp. 23–33.
2 Naville, ‘The Geography of the Exodus’, p. 22.
3 Ibid., p. 24.
4 Ibid., p. 23.
APPENDIX E The Body in Tomb No. 55
1 Weigall, ‘The Mummy of Akhenaten’, p. 197.
2 Smith, The Royal Mummies, p. 52.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Cambridge University Medical Society Magazine, Issue No. 4, 1926, pp. 34–9.
6 Derry, ‘Skeleton hitherto Believed to be that of King Akhenaten’, pp. 115–19.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Aldred, ‘The Tomb of Akhenaten at Thebes’, p. 51.
10 Fairman, ‘Once Again the so-called Coffin of Akhenaten’, p. 39.
11 Harrison, ‘Anatomical Examination of the Remains Purported to be Akhenaten’, p. 111.
12 Ibid., p. 114.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., p. 97.
15 Ibid.
16 Samson, Armana, City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti, pp. 23–4.
APPENDIX F Some Further Evidence of Survival
1 Lucas, ‘The Canopic Vases from the Tomb of Queen Tiye’, pp. 120–2.
2 Fairman, ‘Once Again … ‘, p. 37.
3 Martin, The Royal Tomb at el-Amarna, p. 1.
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