34 OR 10, pt. 1, 246.
35 Ibid., 245; Bearss, “Project 17,” 13.
36 OR 10, pt. 1, 208, 209.
37 Felix H. Robertson to D. W. Reed, August 1, 1909, Miscellaneous Collection, Shiloh National Military Park. Robertson said the time was 9:30 a.m. Ibid.; S. H. Dent to wife, April 9, 1862, Con federate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives; Roman, Beauregard, 1: 291; OR 10, pt. 1, 203, 209, 245. The Thirteenth was a brand new battery, organized on February 15, at Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, Ohio, one of the two great military cantonments set up in Ohio in the early part of the war. The battery lost one man killed and eight wounded at Shiloh, which indicates that some of the men probably joined with other commands later during the day. Ibid., 103; Robert S. Harper, Ohio Hand Book of the Civil War (Columbus: Ohio Historical Society, 1961), 13. Myers’ military career came to an abrupt end as a result of this incident.
38 OR 10, pt. 1, 203.
39 Thompson, Recollections With the Third Iowa, 213, 214.
40 OR 10, pt. 1, 548.
41 Ibid., 203, 204, 206, 217, 548.
42 Thompson, Recollections with the Third Iowa Regiment, 214.
43 Warren Olney, “Shiloh as Seen by A Private Soldier,” War Paper Number V, California Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (Los Angeles: N. d.), 6.
44 OR 10, pt. 1, 537, 538, 542; Reed, Shiloh, 73. Reed said Gladden’s men formed a square at Prentiss’ headquarters. Ibid. This is partially born out by Lieutenant Hugh Henry in a letter he wrote four days later, saying, “We had formed a square, thinking their cavalry about to charge.” Hugh Henry to parents, April 10, 1862, Shiloh-Corinth Collection, Alabama Department of Archives and History. In his report General Hurlbut said Prentiss “succeeded in rallying a considerable portion of his command,” and went into action supporting Lauman. OR 10, pt. 1, 204.
45 Ibid., 537.
46 S. H. Dent to wife, April 9, 1862, Shiloh-Corinth Collection, Alabama Department of Archives and History.
47 OR 10, pt. 1, 542, 204.
48 Ibid., 548, 549; Reed, Shiloh, 74.
49 William F. Mosier to D. W. Reed, December 11, 1912, Miscellaneous Collection, Shiloh Military National Park. The Fifty-second Tennessee was organized in January 1862, at Henderson Station, in what is now Chester County, Tennessee. Lea’s men suffered heavily from disease, especially from measles, and he encountered great difficulty in finding arms for his men. On February 26, 1862, Lea reported that the regiment numbered 760 men, of whom 260 were sick, and that their only weapons were 100 double-barreled shotguns. He specifically asked Confederate headquarters to send guns, rifles, muskets, and bayonets to equip the troops. Tennesseans in the Civil War, 1: 291, 292; OR 7, 847. The regiment was poorly trained, poorly equipped, and in a very low state of morale.
50 OR 10, pt. 1, 549; Tennesseans in the Civil War, 1: 292.
51 OR 10, pt. 1, 565.
52 Campaigns in Kentucky and Tennessee, 138; OR 10, pt. 1, 275. Otto Eisenschiml, in an interesting article on Shiloh, incorrectly stated that Stuart alerted General John McArthur of Hurlbut’s division, who sent the Forty-first Illinois and Stone’s Battery as reinforcements. Eisenschiml, “The 55th Illinois at Shiloh,” 199. McArthur was in W. H. L. Wallace’s division. The Forty-first Illinois was in Colonel N. G. Williams’ brigade. It was not sent to support Stuart, but simply took its position on the left flank of Williams’ Brigade in the Peach Orchard. From here it could give supporting fire to Stuart, and he naturally assumed this was the regiment’s main function. The same applies to Stone’s Battery. OR 10, pt. 1, 257, 203, 211, 212. After the fighting began McArthur sent a message to Stuart, saying he would assist him. Stuart said the promised help did not come. Ibid., 258, 259. Actually McArthur did move over with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and Wood’s Battery A, First Illinois, and did support Stuart’s right. Reed, Shiloh, 50.
53 OR 10, pt. 1, 258.
54 Micajah Wilkinson to brother, April 16, 1862, Micajah Wilkinson Papers, Louisiana State University Archives.
55 OR 10, pt. 1, 549; Micajah Wilkinson to brother, April 16, 1862, Micajah Wilkinson Papers, Louisiana State University Archives; Unidentified Confederate soldier, April 11, 1862, Miss Cottrill’s Scrapbook, Alabama Department of Archives and History.
56 Letter dated April 11, 1862, by an unidentified Confederate soldier, M. L. Kirkpatrick Scrapbook, Alabama Department of Archives and History.
57 OR 10, pt. 1, 560.
58 Sam Houston, Jr., “Shiloh Shadows,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 34 (July 1930): 330.
59 OR 10, pt. 1, 558; Eisenschiml, “The Fifty-fifth Illinois at Shiloh,” 200; Campaigns in Kentucky and Tennessee, 62, 64; Lindsey, Shiloh, 38. Mason was a combat veteran, having commanded the Second Ohio at the First Battle of Bull Run. OR 2, 357-360. Colonel Mason turned in a report of his conduct at Shiloh, in which he offers various extenuating explanations for the failure of the Seventy-first. Ibid., 10, pt. 1, 261, 262. With tears in his eyes, he begged Grant for another chance to prove him self, and the sympathetic general listened and was convinced, so Mason continued in command of the regiment. Grant, Memoirs, 207. Later Mason was put in command of a Union out post at Clarksville, Tennessee, and on August 18, 1862, he surrendered half the Seventy-first Ohio, plus a few other troops in the town, to a small force of Rebel Partisan or guerrilla troops. Ibid., 16, 1: 862-870. The military governor of Tennessee and later President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, referred to Mason’s conduct at Clarksville as “not only humiliating but disgraceful in the extreme.” Ibid., 16, 2: 388. By order of President Lincoln, Mason was “cashiered for repeated acts of cowardice in the face of the enemy.” Ibid., 16, 1: 865.
60 Reed, Shiloh, 57.
61 The Story of the Fifty-fifth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War (Clinton: Published by Author, 1887), 494, 495.
62 OR 10, pt. 1, 259; Eisenschiml, “The Fifty-fifth Illinois at Shiloh,” 196, 197. Actually Stuart turned the command over to Colonel T. Kilby Smith, but that officer had gone wandering off searching for some of his men who had become separated from the main body, thus Malmborg ended up giving most of the orders. OR 10, pt. 1, 259.
63 Wills de Hass, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing Company, 1879), 686; Reed, Shiloh, 48, 50.
64 Wills de Hass, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing Company, 1879), 686; Reed, Shiloh, 48, 50.
65 Wills de Hass, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing Company, 1879), 686; Reed, Shiloh, 48, 50.
66 Wills de Hass, “The Battle of Shiloh,” The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing Company, 1879), 686; Reed, Shiloh, 48, 50.
67 Cockerill, “A Boy at Shiloh,” 18, 19. The three Illinois regiments occupied a position to the right and several hundred yards behind Stuart’s right. Jackson’s Brigade attacked in a sort of slanted, staggered formation.
68 OR 10, pt. 1, 565; Charles B. Kimbell, History of Battery “A” First Illinois Light Artillery Volunteers (Chicago: Cushing Printing Co., 1899), 40, 41.
69 OR 10, pt. 1, 156.
70 Chetlain, Recollections, 77, 78.
71 Kirkpatrick Scrapbook, Alabama Department of Archives and History.
72 “Diary of Ed ward Crenshaw,” 269; Cincinnati Commercial, April 11, 1862.
73 Kirkpatrick Scrapbook, Alabama Department of Archives and History.
Chapter 10
1 Grant’s comrade in arms, biographer and friend, Adam Badeau, maintained that Sherman at this time took command of McClernand’s division as well as his own. This is a dubious claim. It is true that Sherman was a West Pointer, while McClernand’s only military experience prior to 1861 was as a private in the Black Hawk War, but the idea
that the ambitious and grasping McClernand would allow any fellow officer, let alone Sherman, who was still suffering from the stigma of his earlier so-called mental breakdown, and with whom he had been quarreling some days earlier, assume command, is highly questionable. McClernand served with distinction at Belmont and Fort Donelson under Grant, and he was as qualified as any man in the Union army to run a division at this stage in the war. McClernand certainly had more combat experience than Sherman. See Adam Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, From April, 1861, to April, 1865 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881), 7, 79; Comtede Paris, History of the Civil War in America, 1: 542.
2 OR 10, pt. 1, 249, 250, 263; Duke Fifty-third Ohio, 49.
3 Ibid.; OR 10, pt. 1, 267.
4 Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant, 78, 79; Fuller, The General ship of Ulysses S. Grant, 112; Richard Miller Devens, The Pictorial Book of Anecdotes and Incidents of the Rebellion(Hart ford: Hart ford Publishing Company, 1867), 253; Richardson, Personal History of U. S. Grant, 241, 242. Years later Grant wrote he “never deemed it important to stay long with Sherman.” Battles and Leaders, 1: 473.
5 Duke, Fifty-third-Ohio, 48.
6 OR 10, pt. 1, 250.
7 Ibid., 255; Reed, Shiloh, 256. McDowell said he was ordered to join McClernand by Major W. D. Sanger, one of Sherman’s chief aides. Sherman said he ordered Buckland and McDowell to link with McClernand about 10:30. Buckland’s unit did not execute the order because it was disorganized. OR 10, pt. 1, 250, 255.
8 Ibid., 115, 116, 124, 126, 127, 128, 130, 133, 137, 146, 249, 273, 276, 278, 291; Douglas Hapeman, Diary, April 6, 1862, Douglas Hapeman Papers, Illinois State Historical Library; Reed, Shiloh, 45-47; Atwell Thompson Map of Shiloh; Map of Shiloh battlefield, presumably drawn by T. Lyle Dickey, Wallace-Dickey Papers, Illinois State Historical Library; Duke. Fifty-third Ohio, 49; Shiloh National Military Park markers; OR 10, pt. 1, 250.
9 Ibid.
10 T. W. Connelly, History of the Seventieth Ohio Regiment, from its Organizations to its Mustering Out (Cincinnati: Peak Brothers, 1902), 148.
11 OR 10, pt. 1, 144, 139, 146; Reed, Shiloh, 47; Adolph Engelman to wife, April 8, 1862, Adolph Engelmann Papers, Illinois State Historical Library.
12 OR 10, pt. 1, 144; Thomas J. McCormack, (ed.). Memoirs of Gustave Koerner 1809-1896 (Cedar Rapids: Torch Press, 1909), 215; Adolph Engelmann to wife, April 8, 1862, Adolph Engelmann Papers, Illinois State Historical Library. Raith was treated at Pittsburg Landing, but his leg was so badly mangled that McClernand ordered the colonel taken to Savannah on board the steamer Hannibal. John McClernand to Captain A. S. Martin, Order of April 9, 1862, John A. McClernand Papers, Illinois State Historical Library. A second letter to Martin directed the captain to give Raith special attention. Ibid.; Adolph Engelmann to wife, April 11, 1862, Adolph Engelmann Papers, Illinois State Historical Library. Raith’s leg was amputated Wednesday; but he died from loss of blood Friday morning at 11:00 a.m. OR 10, pt. 1, 144.
13 S. W. Ferguson to General Beauregard, Miscellaneous Collections, Shiloh National Military Park.
14 Samuel Latta to wife, April 12, 1862, Confederate Collection, Tennessee State Library and Archives. With the permission of his commanding officer, Captain Latta was taking the body of a fallen friend and fellow officer to a place of safety when he en countered Beauregard. Ibid.
15 || Dr. Cunningham originally stated that Russell’s Brigade took no part in the 11:00 a.m. assault on McClernand’s line. Actually, two of his regiments did. After the 12th and 13th Tennessee were detached away from the brigade, Russell and the 11th Louisiana and 22nd Tennessee took part in the assault. See OR 10, pt. 1, 417; Shiloh Battlefield Commission Tablet #302.
16 OR 10, pt. 1, 506.
17 Charles DePetz to wife, April 15, 1882, in Clark, “The New Orleans German Colony in the Civil War,” 1003. In the confusion of battle, Muller wound up a prisoner. Enlisting in the army December 21, 1861, at Camp Lewis, Louisiana, Muller was elected second lieutenant of Company C. On January 8, 1862, he was elected captain. After the battle he was taken by steamer to the military hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. On July 30, he was forwarded to the military prison at Camp Chase, Ohio. On September 11, 1862, he was exchanged from the steamer John H. Done, near Vicksburg; Mississippi. His leg was permanently crippled by the Shiloh wound, and he was never able to rejoin his command. He retired from the army November 2, 1864. Booth, Louisiana Records, 3, Book 1: 1086.
18 Charles DePetz to wife, April 15, 1862, in Clark, “The New Orleans German Colony in the Civil War,” 1003.
19 OR 10, pt. 1, 509.
20 Richard Pugh to wife, April 8, 1862, Richard L. Pugh Papers, Louisiana State University Archives; Washington Artillery Order Book, Louisiana Historical Association Collection, Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, Tulane University.
21 OR 10, pt. 1, 446, 447.
22 Ibid., 430, 431. || Dr. Cunningham originally included the 11th Iowa in with Raith’s brigade action, but there is little evidence to substantiate such a claim. The 11th Iowa was deployed in the rear of Veatch’s brigade, which was in the rear of Marsh’s command. Thus, the 11th Iowa was not with Raith’s men. See OR 10, pt. 1, 130. The 11th Iowa did some fighting earlier than the 11:00 a.m. Confederate assault, which could have been some long-range support of Raith, and the effect of Raith’s break could have resulted in the enemy flanking the 11th Iowa, as Lieutenant Colonel William Hall makes clear in his report. That relationship, however, is the closest we can place the Iowans with Raith’s brigade. We have slightly clarified the original text. See Shiloh Battlefield Monument #102.
23 OR 10, pt. 1, 433.
24 Ibid., 435.
25 OR 10, pt. 1, 592.
26 Crammer, With Grant at Fort Donelson, 57, 58.
27 OR 10, pt. 1, 137; Bearss, “Project 17,” 4; Kelly, “General John Herbert Kelly, The Boy General of the Confederacy,” 41, 42.
28 OR 10, pt. 1, 598.
29 Ibid., 605.
30 Ibid., 138.
31 Ibid., 116; Douglas Hapeman Diary, April 6, 1862, Douglas Hapeman Papers, Illinois State Historical Library; OR 7, 133, 137.
32 Crummer, With Grant at Fort Donelson, 59.
33 OR 10, pt. 1, 203.
34 Ibid., 220.
35 Barber, Army Memoirs, 51, 52; Alvin Q. Bacon, Thrilling Adventures of A Pioneer Boy While A Prisoner of War (n.p., n.d.), 61, 62.
36 OR 10, pt. 1, 226, 228, 230; Bacon, Thrilling Adventures, 4, 5; Foster, War Stories, 62.
37 Barber, Army Memoirs, 53; Foster, War Stories, 62.
38 OR 10, pt. 1, 228. || Dr. Cunningham originally stated that Veatch was 150 to 200 yards behind Marsh, and cited Colonel John A. Davis of the 46th Illinois as his source. Colonel Davis might have been referring to one of Raith’s forward regiments, although it is difficult to be certain. In actuality, Veatch’s line was less than thirty yards behind McClernand’s. Veatch does not state his position in relation to McClernand, but the Shiloh Battlefield Commission, as well as the Illinois Shiloh Battlefield Commission, placed the brigade’s monuments at the shorter distance. See OR 10, pt. 1, 220; Shiloh Battlefield Monuments #51, 52, 64, and 84.
39 Ibid., 225.
40 Payson Shumway to wife, April 13, 1862, Payson Z. Shumway Papers, Illinois State Historical Library.
41 Bacon, Thrilling Adventures, 4; OR 10, pt. 1, 220.
42 Foster, War Stories, 62; OR 10, pt. 1, 220.
43 Ibid., 226; Barber, Army Memoirs, 54. Private Barber, Company D, said Ellis was first hit in the hand.
44 OR 10, pt. 1, 226.
45 Ibid. || Dr. Cunningham once again wrote that Raith was driven back with the 11th Iowa. We have slightly corrected the text to read that the 11th Iowa was out flanked as a result of Raith’s break. See OR 10, pt. 1, 130; Shiloh Battle field Monument #102.
46 Barber, Army Memoirs, 53.
47 OR 10, pt. 1, 220.
48 Ibid., 228, 229; Jones, 46th Illinois, 37, 25.
49 Ibid.; Bacon, Thrilling Adventures, 5.<
br />
50 OR 10, pt. 1, 592, 601, 606.
51 Lieutenant Colonel S. W. Ferguson to General Beauregard, April 9, 1862, Miscellaneous Collection, Shiloh National Military Park.
52 OR 10, pt. 1, 427.
53 McClernand to U. S. Grant, March 3, 1862, John A. McClernand Papers, Illinois State Historical Library; OR 10, pt. 1, 432, 116.
54 OR 10, pt. 1, 432, 116; Bearss, “Project 17,” 2. There is some question as to whomled the Confederate charge. General Stewart referred to “Neely’s” regiment, and the general commended Neely for his gallantry at the end of his report. Ibid., 427, 429. The report of the Fourth Tennessee at Shiloh was signed by Lieuten ant Colonel Otho Strahl, who flatly stated that he made the charge. He did not even mention Neely’s name in the report. Ibid., 432, 433. A. J. Meadows, of the Fourth Tennessee, maintained that Strahlled the charge which captured Captain McAllister’s “famous” battery. A. J. Meadows, “The Fourth Tennessee,” Confederate Veteran 14 (July 1906): 312. Colonel Neely died of natural causes the following month, and Strahl was elected colonel. Tennesseans in the Civil War, 1: 183. Either Stewart was confused about Neely’s presence or some thing happened to the colonel before the charge was made and Strahl did not refer to it, perhaps from a feeling of delicacy.
55 OR 10, pt. 1, 574.
56 Ibid., 124, 126, 128, 132, 574, 576, 578.
57 Ibid., 116.
58 Ibid., 132.
59 Charles DePetz to wife, April 15, 1862, in Clark, “The New Orleans German Colony in the Civil War,” 1003, 1004.
60 OR 52, 23; 10, pt. 1, 116, 509.
61 OR 10, pt. 1, 117.
62 Ibid., 159.
63 Ibid., 161.
64 Ibid., 155, 156; Reed, Shiloh, 50.
65 Mrs. W. H. L. Wallace to her Aunt Mag, April 29, 1862, Miscellaneous Collection, Shiloh National Military Park. According to Colonel Tuttle, writing many years after the event, Wallace was in his tent dressing to go meet his wife when the news of the attack came. Byers, Iowa in War Times, 129.
66 Bell, Tramps and Triumphs, 15; Reed, Shiloh, 48. Within a few minutes after Wallace reached his position, Hurlbut’s right flank was reinforced by Prentiss and the reorganized regiments of his division. During the battle Prentiss actually covered Wallace’s left.
Shiloh and the Western Campaign of 1862 Page 42